Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with papillary--follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, with metastases to the lungs, skeleton, and brain was treated 5 weeks after thyroidectomy with 135 mCi of 131I. Although preliminary studies with 1 mCi had not shown any iodine uptake by the brain metastasis, this lesion showed intense concentration at the time of the larger therapeutic dose. Four days later, acute hemorrhage of the tumor occurred, requiring surgical removal. Although 131I therapy would seem an unlikely cause of acute necrosis and hemorrhage in these lesions, the association of therapeutic radioiodine and hemorrhage is interesting. Since recent reports suggest that brain metastasis may be somewhat more common than previously suspected, we suggest that brain imaging be included in the workup prior to radioiodine therapy of patients with advanced metastatic disease or neurologic symptoms.
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PMID:Sudden hemorrhage in metastatic thyroid carcinoma of the brain during treatment with iodine-131. 0 32

Out of the discovery of concurrent multiple endocrine neoplasms has evolved the concept of multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA1 and MEA2). Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is the most constant facet of MEA2 and is derived from C-cells of the neural crest. These cells, resembling parafollicular cells of lower animals, elaborate calcitonin which acts as a sensitive signal of the presence of the tumor. Ninety per cent of MCT occurs sporadically; in 10% the tumor presents as an atuosomal dominant trait. Other endocrinopathies, especially pheochromocytomas, are present in 70% of cases. The lesions are "cold" on iodine radioisotope scan. On microscopic examination, the appearance of amyloid is characteristic. Regional lymph node metastasis occurs early. The tumor deserves appropriate aggressive management. Surgical therapy should begin early and vigorously with the minimum procedure being total thyroidectomy. Frequent lymph node metastasis speaks for the need for regional neck dissection extended into the superior mediastinum. The search for, and the treatment of, the frequently associated endocrinopathies is essential. Pheochromocytoma must be suspected and eradicated before treatment of the thyroid tumor. A genetic workup should be included.
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PMID:Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. 2 13

(1) (DL)-Propranolol and Ca2+ are shown to alter the transmembrane potential difference of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as measured by means of the cyanine dye, 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiodicarbocyanine iodide, whose fluorescent intensity changes as a function of membrane potential. (2) The changes in membrane potential elicited by these agents are dependent of the external K+ concentration in a manner which suggest that the potential changes result from a specific increase in the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+. (3) Na+-dependent amino acid transport in the presence of propranolol can be modulated by varying the external K+ concentration (K+o). The initial rate of uptake is stimulated by propranolol at low K+o and inhibited at high K+o. The change in transport rate is nearly directly proportional to the natural logarithm of [K+]o in the presence of propranolol. (4) ATP depletion of the cells by preincubation with rotenone abolishes the changes in fluorescence and amino acid uptake seen with propranolol as a function of K+o. Restoration of cellular ATP with glucose in presence of Ca2+ restores both fluorescence and amino acid transport changes which occur in response to propranolol. (5) The fluorescence changes and amino acid transport changes in response to propranolol are pH dependent, with little effect seen at pH6. (6) It is concluded that the rate of Na+-dependent amino acid uptake is a function of membrane potential and is dependent on the electrochemical potential difference for Na+.
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PMID:Influence of (DL)-propranolol and Ca2+ on membrane potential and amino acid transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. 2 2

The metabolic mechanism for increased circulating free fatty acids in post-menopausal women with metastatic breast cancer was investigated. Hormone and metabolic response to glucose and growth hormone were compared to cancer patients and control subjects; thyroid, adrenal and pituitary function were evaluated. The results of these studies indicated that breast cancer patients had glucose intolerance and delayed and prolonged insulin secretion, increased basal growth hormone levels and insensitivity of adipose tissue to growth hormone. Cortisol and protein-bound iodine levels were normal and there was no lipolytic factor in the sera of breast cancer patients. The changes observed in breast cancer patients were not attributable to age, obesity, inanition or stress. These metabolic abnormalities may characterize host susceptibility to breast cancer or be effects of tumor.
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PMID:Metabolic parameters in women with metastatic breast cancer. 4 95

Iodine-131-labeled immunospecific gamma globulin derived from immunization of rabbits with F antigen, a tumor associated antogen in Hodgkin's disease, has been utilized for intralymphatic infusion in a patient with known recurrent Hodgkin's disease inthe inguinofemoral and pelvic regions. Rectilinear scanning successfully delineatedthe tumor masses, and external monitoring showed retention of activity in the tumor sitesover an 8-day period.
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PMID:Radionuclide immunoglobulin lymphangiography: a case report. 5 Jan 21

None of the radionuclides with which bleomycin has been labeled have chemical and nuclear properties that are entirely satisfactory for in vivo tumor localization. Bleomycin has been radioiodinated by the iodine monochloride, chloramine-T, and lactoperoxidase methods. Iodine monochloride proved to be the preferred method and conditions were developed whereby 80% of radioiodide was covalently bound to bleomycin. Bleomycin (140 mug) was added to 200 mul of saline/citrate buffer (pH 7.0) followed by radioiodide and iodine monochloride. This reaction mixture was incubated for 1 hr and purified by Sephadex G-10 chromatography. The iodine monochloride reaction product underwent hydrolytic deiodination in vitro at a rate of about 1.2%/day (0.15 M NaCl, 37 degrees C). Bleomycin A and B components were radioiodinated with equal efficiency on a mole fraction basis.
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PMID:Preparation and chemical characterization of radioiodinated bleomycin. 5 Oct 79

Restriction of the total diet or the number of calories fed to rats and mice inhibits the formation of tumors in several tissues. Unless animals are fed equivalent levels of food, or attain equivalent body weights, it is difficult to assess the significance of the effect of other nutritional modifications on carcinogenesis. The effects of altering the levels of protein or fat are much less than those seen with dietary restriction. Feeding a protein-free diet is tolerated for a limited period and can alter the metabolism of carcinogens. It may thus affect the tumor incidence induced by one-shot carcinogens. Vitamins have specific effects on the activity of certain carcinogens, the fullest information being available for vitamin A, which has been shown to inhibit or enhance carcinogenesis, and vitamin C, which by reducing sodium nitrite, prevents nitrosation of secondary and tertiary amines occurring in acidic conditions of the stomach. Inorganic substances, such as iodine (thyroid) and copper (liver), may affect the tumor incidence in specific tissues. The metabolic activation of carcinogens is modified by enzyme induction and the administration of antioxidants. The relevance of these results to the induction of cancer in humans is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Nutrition and experimental carcinogenesis: a review. 5 97

A rapid propidium iodide staining method was used for analysis of single-cell suspensions of bone marrow and tumor biopsies by flow microfluorometry. With this technique, information on the proliferative status of target tissues can be obtained within 10 min of sample removal. DNA histograms and labeling index of sequential bone marrow biopsies from a patient with Stage IV diffuse lymphocytic leukemia and treated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine infusion showed pronounced reduction in the percentage of cycling cells. In contrast, sequential tumor biopsies from a melanoma patient on methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue therapy showed no changes. In sequential bone marrow biopsies of 3 patients on high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue, initial accumulation of cells in G1-S (Day 1) was followed by a significant proliferative response (Days 4 to 7) and return to pretherapy values. In contrast, no recovery similar to that of the bone marrow was seen in tumor cells.
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PMID:Flow microfluorometric patterns of human bone marrow and tumor cells in response to cancer chemotherapy. 6 Jan 72

Radioiodinated bleomycin is a chemically stable radiopharmaceutical that can be prepared with high specific activity using 123I. Its pharmacokinetics were compared with those of 99mTc,- 111In-, and 57Co-bleomycin, and 67Ga citrate in mice bearing a transplanted KHJJ tumor. The in vivo kinetics and stability of 123I- and 57Co-bleomycin were similar: both were acceptable, although not equivalent, tags for bleomycin and, along with 67Ga citrate, both had biologic properties suitable for tumor detection. Both 99mTc- and 111In-bleomycin dissociated rapidly in vivo and hence do not represent legitimate tags for bleomycin. However, 111In-bleomycin may have tumor-localizing properties related to its biochemical properties after the indium and chelate separate in vivo. Iodine-123 is superior to either 57Co or 55Co. Tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-liver ratios were higher for I-bleomycin than for 67Ga or Co-bleomycin. The nearly ideal nuclear properties of 123I should complement the biologic properties of bleomycin and lead to a useful tumor radiodiagnostic agent.
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PMID:Comparison of radiolabeled bleomycins and gallium citrate in tumor-bearing mice. 6 60

Chemical, physical and optical properties of chromomycin A3 are examined so as to ascertain appropriate staining and analysis procedures for flow cytometry of human gynecologic samples. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of chromomycin A3-stained cervical cells are compared with those of chromomycin A3-stained deoxyribonucleic acid. Conditions for deoxyribonucleic acid-specific staining of cervical cells are presented, and staining specificity of cervical cells with chromomycin A3 is compared to that obtained with ethidium bromide, propidium iodide and Hoechst 33258. Also presented is a brief review of two parameter flow cytometry as a prescreening procedure for detection of cervical neoplasia. Results of flow cytometry and cell sorting are interpreted based on the deoxyribonucleic acid-specificity of chromomycin A3 staining.
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PMID:Chromomycin A3 as a fluorescent probe for flow cytometry of human gynecologic samples. 7 Apr 48


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