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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven new polymeric carboxylic acids with widely different solubilities in water have been synthesized. The activities of these polymers against the ascitic sarcoma 180 tumor of mice and their acute toxicities in mice have been compared with molecular parameters of the polymers such as molecular weights, charge densities, and abilities to complex calcium and magnesium ions. The maximum effectiveness of these polymers against ascitic sarcoma 180 of mice is greatest for those polymers having fewer carboxyl groups ionized at pH 7. Toxicities are lower for polymers having more carboxyl groups ionized at pH 7.
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PMID:Anionic polymers and biological activities. Effects of some new polycarboxylic acids on the ascitic sarcoma 180 in mice. 67 63

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) develops in virtually all patients affected with multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN II), a disease inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The thyroid tumor cells secrete calcitonin (CT) and the detection of elevated plasma levels (>300 pg/ml) of this hormone in MEN II kindred members strongly suggests the presence of MTC even though it may not be evident clinically. Intravenously administered calcium ion (Ca(++)) and pentagastrin (Pg) are potent CT secretagogues which are of particular value in establishing the early diagnosis of MTC. In evaluating seven kindreds with MEN II, we detected 90 patients with MTC. Depending on the method of diagnosis, they could be divided into three categories: Group 1; patients with no clinical evidence of MTC whose undetectable basal plasma calcitonin levels became elevated following intravenous Ca(++) or Pg, Group II; patients with no clinical evidence of MTC who had elevated basal plasma CT levels, and Group III; patients with clinically evident MTC. At the time of diagnosis of MTC, the patients in Group I were younger (20.5 +/- 1.9 years) than the patients in Group II (32.5 +/- 4.7 years, p < 0.005) and Group III (34.3 +/- 2.0, p < 0.00005). The incidence of residual MTC, as indicated by an elevated plasma CT level following provocative testing postoperatively, was less frequent in patients diagnosed biochemically ([6/34]; Group I, 4/26 and Group II, 2/8) than in those diagnosed clinically (Group III, 15/26, p < 0.002). Furthermore, regional nodes were involved less often in patients diagnosed biochemically ([5/28]; Group I, 2/22 and Group II, 3/6) than in those diagnosed clinically (Group III, 15/24, p < 0.02). Distant metastases were only evident in Group III patients. Patients with MEN II who had the diagnosis of MTC established biochemically rather than clinically, had a more favorable pathological stage of disease at the time of thyroidectomy. This was especially true if the biochemical diagnosis had been by provocative testing.
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PMID:Medullary thyroid carcinoma: relationship of method of diagnosis to pathologic staging. 68

The effects of recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances were assessed in 65 patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). Twenty-seven patients seen between 1955 and 1970 were compared with 38 patients seen between 1971 and 1977. The earlier patients had a higher incidence of virulent ulcer disease (56% vs. 24%), other endocrinopathies (48% vs. 13%), and malignant gastrinoma (44% vs. 25%). Earlier diagnosis is the result of liberal use of serum gastrin measurements and provocative tests for gastrin release (calcium and secretin), and an increased awareness of this syndrome. Because their basal gastrin values were in a range that overlapped ordinary ulcer disease, 47% of patients encountered in recent years required provocative testing with secretin for diagnosis. If the gastrin concentration falls to normal following resection of a gastrinoma, the tumor has probably been completely removed. In our patients, gastrin measurements after total gastrectomy had no prognostic significance in regards to clinical progression or regression of the neoplasm. Of 12 patients treated with cimetidine, nine experienced symptomatic improvement, and three did not. Resection of the gastrinoma should be attempted if the lesion is solitary and located in the body or tail of the pancreas, or if it is an isolated duodenal lesion. Otherwise, total gastrectomy remains the treatment of choice. In 38 patients, total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy was followed by 97% survival and minimal difficulties with nutrition or dumping.
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PMID:The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome--23 years later. 68 1

With the aim of exterminating small (up to 3--4 cm. in diameter), single or multiple subcutaneous fat tumors (lipoma etc.) the author suggests to use transcutaneous injections of solutions possessing necrotizing properties (10% calcium chloride, 96% alcohol, formalin) into the tumor instead of its surgical removal. The injection should be done under local anesthesia, slowly, the amount of solution not exceeding 0.5--1 of the volume of the tumor. The necrotherapy has been used for 4 years upon 14 patients (32 tumors); besides, the author made 12 self-injections. In 3 cases a repeated injection was required. There were no complications or recurrences.
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PMID:[Method of injection necrotherapy of benign tumors of the subcutaneous cellular tissue]. 69 78

The effects of fixation with glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA), glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde (GA-FA), flutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide (GA-Os04) and osmium tetroxide (OsO4) on cel volume were studied in control, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS)-treated and hypotonically-treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Among the variables investigated were concentration of the tixative agent, osmolity of the buffer, total osmolaity of the fixation solution, osmolaltity of the postfixation buffer and the time of fixation and postfixation treatment; in addition, the effects of adding calcium and high molecular weight compounds to the fixative solution were studied. When the effects of standard fixatives on control, PCMBS- and hypotonically-treated cells were compared, marked differences were apparent in the behavior of control and injured cells. Control cells retained near prefixation volume in 3% GA and 3% GA-1% OsO4, swelled in 4% FA or 1% OsO4 and phosphate buffer (tkrp), whereas tpcmbs (310 mosM KRP)- and hypotonically-treated cells (103 mos M KRP) shrank in all aldehyde fixatives but swelled in 1% OsO4. Reducing the buffer osmolality had similar effects on control and injured cells although, there were variations in degree...
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PMID:Effects of fixation and postfixation treatments on volume of injured cells;. 80 69

We have developed a sensitive immunoassay for murine calcitonin which can measure the basal concentration of the hormone in peripheral plasma of rats as well as the calcitonin, extracted from rat thyroid tissue. Human calcitonin was used for tracer, standard, and antibody production. Assay methods were devised to minimize artifacts which have been shown to spuriously influence immunoassay performance. The basal plasma concentration of calcitonin in rats was 6 to 75 pg. per milliliter. Infusions of calcium, pentagastrin, and PGE2 produced a 2- to 7-fold increase in plasma calcitonin. Elevated concentrations of calcitonin were demonstrated in tumor specimens obtained from the second and fourth generations of a transplanted rat medullary thyroid carcinoma. Our results demonstrate that calcitonin circulates in the peripheral plasma of rats in the basal state and that hormone concentrations change during functional tests of secretion. This assay will permit studies of calcitonin secretion in physiological and pathophysiological states in the rat.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of calcitonin in plasma, normal thyroid, and medullary thyroid carcinoma of the rat. 82 6

A lectin present in the broad bean, Vicia faba, was isolated by affinity chromatography on Sephadex G-150. The active lectin had a molecular weight of 50 000. The lectin contained about 3% neutral sugar and it contained two different subunits. The subunits had molecular weights of 17 300 and 14 300. The lectin was mitogenic to human peripheral lymphocytes with some reduction in activity upon acetylation. The lectin competed with pea lectin for binding to murine tumor cells. Binding to tumor cells was inhibited by methyl-alpha-D-mannoside but not by D-galactose; binding was not influenced by the presence or absence of Ca2+, Mn2+ or ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
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PMID:Isolation and partial characterization of a lectin from Vicia faba. 82 78

The radiological diagnosis of orbital lesions can be aided by an understanding of the significance of the various kinds of calcium deposits. Orbital calcification may be metastatic or dystrophic, with ossification occurring in degenerated eye tissue in the presence of an abundant blood supply. It is the dystrophic type which is usually visualized radiographically. Intraorbital calcification had been categorized according to its configuration and location (a) ocular; (b) extraocular; and (c) extraorbital extending into the orbit on frontal radiographs. Lesions discussed include cataract, phthisis bulbi, vascular abnormalities, infection, and tumor.
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PMID:Calcification and ossification within the orbit. 82 79

In rats fed 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene there is an increase of calcium and sodium in liver accompanied by a decrease of magnesium and potassium. This influx of extracellular cations is explained as the result of cell membrane modifications due to the carcinogen action. Mitochondria show the highest calcium content at the time of maximum tumor incidence. The interrelation between cell membrane permeability changes and mitochondria damage through calcium overloading as a cancer triggering event is discussed.
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PMID:Cell membrance ionic permeability and mitochondria changes during 4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene carcinogenesis. 82 86

After incubation with [3H]estradiol low-salt sucrose gradient centrifugation of 250 human breast tumor cytosis demonstrated receptor-bound steroid in both 4 S and 8 S forms. Cytosols prepared from 24 of these receptor-positive tumors were examined in the presence of KCl, Ca2+ and the serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. After incubation with KCl (0.4 M), interconversion of 8 S and 4 S forms was found in one-half of the 24 cytosols examined whose original low-salt patterns contained well-defined 4 S and 8 S peaks. When cytosols were made 4 mM in Ca2+ 15 to 30 min before the addition of KCl, an additional 4.5 S form was observed in low-salt gradients in 18 tumors, and, in 6 tumors, inactivation of receptor occurred. The effects were not produced when Ca2+ and salt were added simultaneously. After 2 to 24 hr of preincubation with Ca2+ of the same cytosols under the same conditions, an increased recovery of the approximately 4 S receptor complex was observed in low-salt gradient. These Ca2+ effects were inhibited if phenyl-methylsulfonyl fluoride and Ca2+ were added simultaneously to cytosols prior to the addition of salt. The data suggest that human mammary tumor cytosols may contain proteolytic activities that can be activated by Ca2+ and that can effect irreversible changes in the salt-dissociated steroid receptor proteins which can be detected in sucrose density gradients.
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PMID:Effect of Ca2+ and salt on forms of estradiol cytoplasmic receptor in human neoplastic breast tissue. 83 63


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