Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some studies suggest that the prostate gland is one of the most difficult portions of the body to heat up even by radio frequency (RF) capacitive heating, which is well established as a useful means for deep regional hyperthermia because of its non-uniform power absorption. We have developed a new type of intracavitary applicator for RF capacitive heating which can be connected to an 8 MHz RF heating device (Thermotron-RF8). The applicator is a balloon-type catheter which is filled with electrolyte, such as physiological saline, 3% saline or 3% ferrous sulfate solution, and then put between a pair of regular RF capacitive heating electrodes. The heating characteristics of the applicator were examined by using an agar phantom that is electrically equivalent to muscles. When the applicator was connected to the electrode of the RF generator with a copper cord, the balloon filled with electrolyte operated as an inner electrode. The effective hot area around the balloon of the catheter was observed, and the size of the hot area was changed by the kinds of electrolytes used and their concentration. With this adaptive technique, it is possible to maintain an adequate thermal distribution at a tumor in the uterus, urinary bladder and rectum, as well as the prostate gland.
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PMID:[Thermal distribution in the agar phantom by a new intracavitary RF applicator for prostate gland]. 150 11

In the imaging of tumors using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies, the use of PET gives increased sensitivity over conventional gamma camera imaging techniques. Copper-64, a positron-emitting radionuclide, has been labeled to 1A3, an anticolorectal carcinoma monoclonal antibody, and its fragments 1A3-F(ab')2 utilizing the bifunctional chelate Br-benzyl-TETA. The 64Cu-labeled intact 1A3 and 1A3-F(ab')2 have been evaluated as potential imaging agents for PET. Biodistribution studies of 64Cu-benzyl-TETA-1A3 and 64Cu-benzyl-TETA-1A3-F(ab')2 in tumor-bearing hamsters were compared with those of 111In-Br phi HBED-1A3, 111In-Br phi HBED-1A3-F(ab')2 and 125I-labeled intact 1A3 and 1A3-F(ab')2. Tumor uptake of 64Cu-labeled intact 1A3 and fragments in the hamster model was superior to both 111In- and 125I-labeled intact 1A3 and fragments. Human dosimetry data for 64Cu- and 123I-labeled 1A3 and 1A3-F(ab')2 were calculated from biodistribution data in rats. High kidney uptake of 64Cu-benzyl-TETA-1A3-F(ab')2 precludes clinical study at this time; however, the data shows that 64Cu-benzyl-TETA-1A3 would be suitable for positron tomography imaging of colorectal cancer in patients.
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PMID:Copper-64-labeled antibodies for PET imaging. 151 44

Rats fed low copper show a high incidence of dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon tumors compared with rats fed very high Cu. The difference could be due to Cu deficiency in the low group or to Cu toxicity in the high group. In the present study, rats fed low Cu (0.2 ppm) showed greater DMH-stimulated colon tumorigenesis than rats fed adequate Cu (8 ppm). Differences were seen in the number of rats developing tumors (5 of 11 vs 1 of 10), total tumors (7 vs 2), and average tumor mass (1.02 g vs 0.29 g). Low Cu intake did not cause any general DMH toxicity as assessed by body weight gain. To prevent Cu deficiency-induced mortality, low Cu feeding was begun in postweanling rats (weight, about 80 g) housed in groups of five to six, rather than individually. This limited the effects of low Cu feeding to only a moderate Cu deficiency based on several parameters, including three Cu antioxidant enzyme activities. Group-housed rats fed marginal Cu levels (2.5 ppm) showed normal Cu status, and DMH produced only one tumor in 10 rats. In conclusion, high DMH-induced colon tumorigenesis can be found in rats with low activities of Cu antioxidant enzymes.
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PMID:Effects of low copper intake on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats. 152 14

Nutrition is a critical determinant of immunocompetence and risk of illness and death largely due to infectious disease. It is now established that undernourished individuals have impaired immune responses. The most consistent abnormalities are seen in cell-mediated immunity, complement system, phagocytes, mucosal secretory antibody response and antibody affinity. These changes, together with other handicapping factors observed in underprivileged societies, lead to more infections. It is now recognized that deficiencies of single nutrients also impair immune responses. The best studied are zinc, iron, vitamin B-6, vitamin A, copper and selenium. If malnutrition occurs during fetal life, as epitomized by small-for-gestational age infants, the effects on cell-mediated immunity are very significant and long lasting. There is much recent evidence to suggest that at the other end of the age spectrum, namely old age, nutrition plays an important role in maintenance of optimum immunity. Based on these data, several studies have documented the critical importance of nutrition in resistance to a variety of infectious challenges, including Salmonella, Listeria and coxsackie B. Similarly, in vitro and in vivo responses to tumor cells are modulated by nutrition. These interactions of nutrition and immunity have several practical applications, including resistance to infections and tumors and the development of designer formulas that might help reduce the occurrence of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts.
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PMID:Nutrition and immunoregulation. Significance for host resistance to tumors and infectious diseases in humans and rodents. 154 43

The effect of hyperthermia was examined on the Dunning prostate tumor model in rats. Hyperthermia was created by heating self-regulating interstitial seeds with an external oscillating magnetic field. The seed alloy was comprised of 70% nickel and 30% copper. One treatment with 50C seeds for two hours did not provide significant delay in tumor growth compared to controls. However, regimens with two treatments separated by either 48 hours or one week did cause significant delay (p = 0.0013 and p = 0.0096, respectively). These results suggest that an interstitial hyperthermia seed may provide an efficacious outpatient therapy for prostate cancer. Further, interstitial hyperthermia may be readily combined with existing radiotherapy with interstitial gold coated seeds to provide additive or synergistic anti-tumor effects.
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PMID:The effect of interstitial hyperthermia on the Dunning prostate tumor model. 155 9

Chlorophyllin (CHL), the water soluble sodium/copper salt of chlorophyll, was investigated for its effect on colorectal cancer risk in the rat-dimethyldrazine colon carcinogenesis model. Ninety weanling Fisher 344 male rats were treated with five weekly injections of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH), 20 mg base/kg body weight. Rats had been previously divided into three groups, consuming either rat chow and water (Group I), rat chow and CHL 1.5 mM in water throughout the experiment (Group II), or water and rat chow during DMH injection, adding CHL 1.5 mM to the drinking water after completion of the DMH treatments. At sarcifice, the incidence and yield of colorectal tumors were as follows: Group I 10% and 0.1; Group II, 23% and 0.27; and Group III, 47% and 0.53 (p less than 0.005 for incidence and = 0.003 for yield). These data demonstrate that, though it is well established that CHL is an antimutagen, CHL in this colorectal carcinogenesis model acted as a tumor promoter.
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PMID:Chlorophyllin, an antimutagen, acts as a tumor promoter in the rat-dimethylhydrazine colon carcinogenesis model. 162 32

The growth of human lung carcinoma xenografts implanted beneath the renal capsule of immunocompetent mice was investigated (the six-day subrenal capsule assay) by using combinations of ascorbic acid and cupric ions. A maximum suppression of growth of this human lung tumor, LX-1, was observed at an estimated consumption level by the mice of 6 to 8 g ascorbic acid and 2 to 5 mg cupric ions per day per kg body weight. The data suggest that more than one oxidative or degradative product of ascorbic acid or of some copper compounds may be responsible for the observed antitumor activities, and that the chemotherapeutic effect is being produced at some stoichiometric ratios of ascorbic acid to cupric ions. When such a combination of the two substances was consumed by the mice, optimal therapeutic effect was exerted on the implanted xenografts.
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PMID:Ascorbic acid with cupric ions as a chemotherapy for human lung tumor xenografts implanted beneath the renal capsule of immunocompetent mice. 162 40

Small (less than 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in 45 of 112 patients (40.2%) had a high-signal-intensity pattern (relative to that of liver) on T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. To identify the cause of this pattern, specimens of histologically defined HCC with high- (n = 21), iso- (n = 6), and low- (n = 22) intensity patterns were histologically evaluated for paramagnetic ionic forms of metals. The incidence of steatosis, clear cell formation, and copper accumulation was statistically (P less than .01) higher in tumors with the high-intensity pattern than in those with other patterns. Of 17 HCCs that stained positive for copper, 16 (94%) had a high-intensity pattern; the pattern of one tumor (6%) was isointense. All 21 tumors with the high-intensity pattern had at least one of the findings of steatosis, clear cell formation, or copper accumulation. These features were evident in only four of 28 tumors (14%) with an iso- or low-intensity pattern. Thus, copper accumulation might be a cause of the high-intensity pattern on T1-weighted images of small HCCs.
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PMID:MR imaging of small hepatocellular carcinoma: effect of intratumoral copper content on signal intensity. 165 23

A 36-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue. The physical and laboratory findings on admission revealed splenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypocoagulopathy, liver hypofunction with a hepaplastin test of 55% and ICG Rmax of 0.6 mg/kg/min. Diagnostic imaging showed a hypoechoic mass 1.5 in diameter a low density area on the CT scan and a faint tumor stain on the AAG in the posterior inferior area of the liver. On a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism, partial hepatectomy and splenectomy were performed. The resected hepatic specimen revealed a small liver cancer of 1.9 x 1.5 x 1.3 cm with liver cirrhosis. The specimen consisted of a firm rubbery mass. Macroscopically, the tumor appeared oval and was lobulated with a thin capsule. A fibrous scar was observed in the central area. Microscopically, malignant hepatocytes showed various shapes, ranging from polygonal to spindle form, with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and were surrounded by abundant fibrous stroma. Orcein stain, revealed that these malignant hepatocytes contained many black granules of copper-binding protein. Immunoperoxidase staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin was also positive in the malignant hepatocytes. However, within this lamellar fibrous regions, there were many cords of tumor cells in which nucleoli were absent and abortive biliary differentiation was suggested. Consequently this tumor was diagnosed as an atypical fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. We think that this case is the 3rd case reported in Japan and the 2nd case in a Japanese person.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver--a case report. 165 47

U-77779 is a symmetrical dimer of the spirocyclopropyl alkylating subunit of (+)-CC-1065 in which the linker consists of two indole subunits separated by a ureido group. This compound was synthesized by scientists of the Upjohn Company and was found to be more active in both anti-tumor efficacy and cytotoxicity than its mono-alkylating analogs. Using three different 21-base pair DNA duplexes containing U-77779 reactive sequences, we have shown that U-77779 produces a stable interstrand cross-linked species that loses its internal self complementarity. A comparison of U-77779 with the mono-alkylating analogs of (+)-CC-1065 shows that it appears to have an increased sequence selectivity such that, while mono-alkylating compounds like (+)-CC-1065 react at more than one site, U-77779 reacts only at sites where there are two suitably positioned alkylation sites. Chemical footprinting with 1,10-phenanthroline-copper complex revealed a six base pair cross-linked region between the two covalently modified adenines with modulated cleavage outside this region. In the case of hydroxyl radical footprinting, considerable variability of the extent of cleavage within the cross-linked sequence was found. These results are discussed in terms of likely induced conformational changes in DNA. In contrast to (+)-CC-1065, non-denaturing gel electrophoresis did not reveal any net bending of DNA due to U-77779, which we believe is due to the 180 degrees out-of-phase bending produced on opposite strands of DNA by the cross-linker.
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PMID:DNA interstrand cross-linking, DNA sequence specificity, and induced conformational changes produced by a dimeric analog of (+)-CC-1065. 166 13


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