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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In choroidal melanoma vitreous hemorrhage can occur as initial event or as complication of conservative therapy. To understand better these relations, four groups of cases were examined: 1.) 126 choroidal melanomas which were treated conservatively with Cobalt 60 applicator from 1969 till 1984. 2.) 715 choroidal melanomas which have been treated with proton-beam from 1984 to 1989. 3.) 7 tumors or pseudotumors for which for diagnostic purposes a phosphorus 32 test was necessary. 4.) 9 choroid melanomas which had conservative treatment and where vitrectomy was realized. The multifactorial analysis gave the following results: in vitreous hemorrhages occurring before treatment the thickness of the tumor represents the significant factor. In vitreous hemorrhages which occur after conservative treatment there is in the group of cobalt applicators important irradiation of the disc, as well as the thickness of the tumor and the age of the patient in the group with proton-beam irradiation. Vitreous bleeding occurring before or after therapy does not influence the vital prognosis in a negative way. We present here a therapeutic concept in cases of vitreous bleeding in choroid melanoma which is based both on our experience and on the indications of literature.
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PMID:[Uveal melanomas and vitreous hemorrhage. Diagnosis and treatment]. 188 58

The probability that rats develop tumours following a 3 Gy exposure to gamma rays from cobalt 60 was observed to depend on age at exposure. Lifetime excess of neoplasia decreased by a factor of about 10 in 9-month-old rats as compared to animals irradiated in utero. The 3-month age group developed slightly fewer tumours than the group irradiated in utero, and tumour location was different. The higher incidence of tumours observed in the foetal group was mainly due to the high sensitivities of central nervous system and gonads during organogenesis.
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PMID:[Role of age at the moment of irradiation on the induction of tumors]. 191 36

A retrospective study of 86 dogs with brain tumors was undertaken. Sixty-nine dogs had histologic confirmation of tumor type, whereas the remaining 17 dogs had CT evidence of a brain tumor. All dogs had neurologic abnormalities. Seven dogs received no treatment, 38 dogs received only symptomatic treatment, and 41 dogs received some form of definitive treatment, in addition to medical management. Types of definitive treatment included surgery, cobalt-60 radiation, whole-body hyperthermia, 125I implants, and chemotherapy, alone or in combination. The factor that was most associated with survival duration was mode of therapy. Those dogs who were treated with cobalt-60 radiation, with or without other combinations of therapy, lived significantly longer than dogs who received surgery (+/- 125I implants), or dogs who received symptomatic treatment (P = 0.01 and P less than 0.001, respectively). After statistic adjustment for treatment, multiplicity of brain involvement (solitary vs. multiple) provided prognostic information with respect to survival (P = 0.001), with dogs who had a solitary site of involvement having a better prognosis. After further adjustment, initial neurologic dysfunction (mild/moderate vs. severe) showed significance as prognostic variable (P = 0.005). Both the mild and moderate groups had a more favorable prognosis compared with dogs who had severe initial neurologic impairment. The median survival time for the 86 dogs was 1.0 month (range: 1 day-42.4 mo). Median survival times of dogs receiving: 1) no therapy or only symptomatic therapy, 2) surgery (+/- 125I), or 3) cobalt-60 radiation (+/- hyperthermia, +/- surgery) were 0.2, 0.9, and 4.9 months, respectively.
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PMID:Analysis of survival in a retrospective study of 86 dogs with brain tumors. 194 56

Since September 1985, 44 patients with advanced urinary bladder cancer have been treated by combined cisplatin and full-dose radiotherapy. The patients were 32 males and 12 females, and their ages ranged from 33 to 83 years, with a median of 67.4 years. Radiotherapy consisting of a tumor dose of 50-60 Gy was administered with cobalt-60. Cisplatin was infused 5 days at a daily dose of 20 mg on the 1st and 4th weeks of treatment. Of the 39 evaluable patients 27 (69.2%) achieved a complete response. Toxicity was also evaluated for those 44 patients. Mainly gastrointestinal toxicity was noted: loss of appetite in 28 (64%), nausea and/or vomiting in 21 (48%), and diarrhea in 8 (18%). Leukocytopenia was noted in 16 (33%) and mild thrombocytopenia in 5 (11%). Mild dermatitis was noted in 8 (18%).
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PMID:Combined cisplatin and radiation therapy for advanced bladder cancer. 194 71

Rostral and middle cranial fossa tumors affecting the optic chiasm and resulting in acute visual deficits were diagnosed in 7 dogs and 1 cat. Blindness and dilated nonresponsive pupils were the primary signs in all animals. Other concurrent neurologic deficits were either absent or were equivocal. Behavioral changes, including signs of depression and lethargy, were noticed in 1 dog and the cat subsequent to the onset of blindness. Retinal function was assessed as normal by electroretinography in all animals. The histologic necropsy diagnosis was pituitary carcinoma in 1 dog and the cat and paranasal sinus carcinoma with intracranial extension in 1 dog. A cytologic diagnosis of polycentric lymphosarcoma affecting the optic chiasm was diagnosed in 1 dog. In the remaining 4 dogs, results of computed tomographic imaging or endocrine function testing suggested pituitary gland neoplasia. Four dogs were treated with cobalt-60 radiation or chemotherapy. There was partial return of visual function in only 1 of the dogs treated with radiation.
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PMID:Acute blindness associated with intracranial tumors in dogs and cats: eight cases (1984-1989). 195 68

Preparation of methotrexate microsphere (MTX-ms) by emulsion-freezing technique was introduced and the experimental results proved that MTX entrapped in the microspheres exhibited good stabilities towards temperature, cobalt-60 radiation and light. The dissolution and inflation rate of the microspheres in pH 7.4 buffer solution at different times measured by Coulter counter was presented. Antitumor activity of MTX-ms after hepatic arterial embolization was examined in a model of liver tumor in Wistar rats. The group of rats treated with MTX-ms showed a rather significant reduction in tumor growth and more extended tumor necrosis as compared with the other groups, e.g. normal saline solution, MTX solution, placebo gelatin-ms and the results demonstrate that the effect of arterial chemoembolization used by MTX-ms is superior to that of the groups either using arterial chemotherapy or arterial embolization alone in treating rat liver cancer.
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PMID:[Study on targeting drug delivery system--the characteristics of methotrexate microsphere and experimental treatment of hepatic tumor in rats by arterial embolization]. 195 76

We performed survival studies on 136 patients with uveal malignant melanoma who were examined with ultrasonic tissue characterization before treatment with cobalt-60 brachytherapy (74 patients) or enucleation (62 patients). Mean follow-up time was 58.7 months for the brachytherapy group and 59.0 months for the enucleated group. The maximal follow-up time was nearly ten years. Univariate survival analysis showed that patients with small tumors (less than 250 mm3, 49 patients) had a higher five-year survival when treated with brachytherapy than when treated with enucleation. No patients in this study with tumor volumes greater than 1,500 mm3 (13 patients) were treated with brachytherapy. For tumors of intermediate size (74 patients), survival analysis did not indicate appreciable differences between the treatment options. However, multivariate models including two ultrasonic tissue characterization variables, scatterer size and concentration, showed appreciable intergroup differences in the dependence of survival on these factors. Results suggest that tissue properties detectable with ultrasonic techniques are related to differences in patient survival and may be used for treatment planning for tumors of intermediate size.
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PMID:Ultrasonic tissue characterization of uveal melanoma and prediction of patient survival after enucleation and brachytherapy. 195 4

A combination of dehydroascorbic acid and hydroxycobalamin (vitamin B-12) inhibited mitoses of tumors in mice. The present study was performed to test the effect of these vitamins on the survival of mice bearing carcinomas and leukemias. In each assay 40 mice received 0.1 mL ip tumor cells (x10(5)). After 24 h, 20 mice were injected with 0.2 mL (0.4 g/kg body wt) of the vitamins daily for 10 d. All controls died by day 19, but greater than 50% of the treated mice were alive after 60 d. In vitro findings revealed inhibition of mitoses in L1210 leukemia cells, but not in normal L929 cells. In recent research with cobalt-ascorbate plus vitamin C, we demonstrated that when B-12 is combined with vitamin C, the cobalt nucleus of B-12 attaches to a carbon on vitamin C, forming cobalt ascorbate. Tests proved that cobalt ascorbate plus vitamin C also inhibited tumor cells.
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PMID:Effect of combined ascorbic acid and B-12 on survival of mice with implanted Ehrlich carcinoma and L1210 leukemia. 196 80

A total of 43 breast cancer patients were treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital from January 1978 to December 1987 for postoperative local-regional recurrence. Twenty-six patients developed local recurrence within 12 months after surgery and 17 patients developed local recurrence after 12 months. The mean age for this group of patients was 52 years (range: 27-82). There were 26 postmenopausal and 17 premenopausal patients. Twenty-four patients had received chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) regimen. Four patients were excluded from this study due to incompletion of radiotherapy. Sites of local recurrence in the remaining 39 patients included: chest wall, single (8) and multiple (4); axilla (7); supraclavicular area (5); chest wall with regional node (11); and multiple regional nodes (4). All were free of distant metastasis at the initiation of radiotherapy. A mean tumor dose of 5000 cGy in 28 fractions was given over a 6-week period to the chest wall and draining lymphatics, using an AECL Theratron 80 or a CGR Alcyon MEV Cobalt-60 unit. The overall local control rate was 72%, and the 5-year local control rate was 59%. Nine patients experienced a second local recurrence, with a median interval of 8 months after radiotherapy. Four of them (4/9) also showed evidence of systemic disease at the same time. Distant metastasis, the major cause of mortality, appeared in 49% of the patients with a median interval of 22.8 months after radiotherapy. The three leading sites of distant metastasis were the bones (42%), lungs (37%) and liver (16%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Radiotherapy for locally recurrent breast cancer. 197 97

Stereotactic radiosurgery has an expanding role in the management of selected intracranial tumors. In an initial 30-month experience using the 201-source cobalt-60 gamma knife at the University of Pittsburgh, 50 patients with meningiomas were treated. The most frequent site of origin was the skull base. Previously, 36 patients (72%) had undergone at least one craniotomy and four patients (8%) had received fractionated external beam radiation therapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery was the primary treatment modality in 16 patients (32%) with symptomatic tumors demonstrated by neuroimaging. Computer imaging-generated isodose plans (with one to five irradiation isocenters) for single-treatment irradiation gave optimal (greater than or equal to 50% isodose line) coverage in 44 patients (88%). The proximity of cranial nerves or vascular, pituitary, and brain-stem structures to the often convoluted tumor mass was crucial to dose selection. Serial imaging studies were evaluated in all 50 patients. Twenty-four patients were examined between 12 and 36 months after treatment; 13 (54%) showed a reduction in tumor volume while nine (38%) showed no change. Of 26 patients evaluated between 6 and 12 months after treatment, four showed a decrease in tumor size while 22 showed no change. Two patients (both with large tumors that received suboptimal irradiation) had delayed tumor growth outside the radiosurgical treatment volume. The actuarial 2-year tumor growth control rate was 96%. Between 3 and 12 months after radiosurgery, three patients developed delayed neurological deficits that gradually improved, compatible with delayed radiation injury. Although extended follow-up monitoring over many years will be necessary to fully evaluate treatment, to date stereotactic radiosurgery has proved to be a relatively safe and effective therapy for selected patients with symptomatic meningiomas, including those who failed surgical resection. Radiosurgery was an effective primary treatment alternative for those patients whose advanced age, medical condition, or high-risk tumor location mitigated against surgical resection.
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PMID:Stereotactic radiosurgery of meningiomas. 200 67


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