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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastrointestinal lipomas are rare, but commonest in the colon and rectum, characteristically submucosal and seldom subserosal. An 18-year analysis revealed 17 cases of large-bowel lipoma, 13 presenting with colicky pain, abdominal discomfort, blood-stained feces or rectal bleeding and altered bowel habits and four asymptomatic. The 17 patients had totally 21 lipomas, all submucosal. No patients with multiple lipoma had evidence of lipoma at other sites. The ileocecal valve and cecum were most commonly affected, followed by the rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon. Tumor size (largest diameter) was 0.5-10 cm, averaging 3.1 cm (3.5 cm in symptomatic, and 1.8 cm in asymptomatic patients). The primary diagnosis (with barium enema, colonoscopy and CT) was lipoma in only five cases, but CT gave the correct diagnosis in all three cases in which it was used. Two lipomas were found in surgical specimens from colorectal malignancy, while nine were misinterpreted as polyps and one as angiodysplasia. In symptomatic patients unnecessary colotomy or colonic resection may be avoidable by colonscopic removal of lipoma.
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PMID:Submucous large-bowel lipomas--presentation and management. An 18-year study. 167 82

Sixty patients with histologically proven lung cancer who had been accepted for mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy were prospectively entered into a study to evaluate computed tomographic (CT) scanning, 57Co-bleomycin scanning, and barium swallow in preoperative assessment of mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Fifty-six patients had thoracotomy at which all accessible lymph nodes were sampled. Twenty-four patients were found to have mediastinal tumor on histologic analysis of the resected mediastinal lymph nodes. Neither 57Co-bleomycin scanning nor barium swallow were clinically useful, with sensitivities of 21 percent and 11 percent respectively, whereas CT scanning was helpful. However, there was no clear cutoff point of node size to optimize sensitivity and specificity for CT scanning. When nodes greater than or equal to 15 mm were taken to indicate likely malignancy, the sensitivity was 58 percent and the specificity was 87 percent and when greater than or equal to 10 mm was used the sensitivity was 80 percent but the specificity was only 55 percent. There was no clear relationship between the size of the largest resected lymph node in each patient and the presence of malignant lymph nodes. Only 42 percent of patients with resected nodes greater than or equal to 2 cm had histologic evidence of metastases. We conclude that CT scanning should be used to indicate the presence and site of mediastinal lymph nodes, which, when visualized, should always be sampled and histologically examined prior to resection of primary tumor.
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PMID:A comparison of cobalt (57Co) bleomycin scanning and contrast-enhanced CT scanning for assessment of the mediastinum in lung cancer. 169 66

Submucosal lipohyperplasia of the ileocecal valve (ICV) is reportedly a rarely diagnosed lesion of uncertain significance. Eight cases of ICV lipohyperplasia diagnosed in surgical specimens (seven resections, one biopsy) are reviewed: three cases were associated with right lower abdominal quadrant pain and ICV mass on barium enema or operative examination, two were associated with ICV mucosal acute inflammation and necrosis, and three were incidental in resections for cecal, appendiceal, and sigmoid neoplasia. To evaluate the frequency of ICV lipohyperplasia and any associated processes, a series of 51 autopsies was studied. Regarding lipohyperplasia in these valves, 10 (19.6%) were determined to have none, 14 (27.5%) were mild, 20 (39.2%) were moderate, and 7 (13.7%) were marked cases. Degree of lipohyperplasia correlated statistically with degree of cardiac right ventricular fatty infiltration (p = 0.0001), pancreatic fatty infiltration (p = 0.0314), and greater body weight of patient (p = 0.0009). No definite correlation was demonstrated with left ventricular, adrenal, or lymph node fatty infiltration, or with hepatic fatty change, body height, age of patient, or blood glucose. Various gastrointestinal symptoms and lesions accompanied lipohyperplasia, but no definite causal relationship was identified, except for one case of marked lipohyperplasia associated with marked mucosal necrosis and acute inflammation of ICV. In conclusion, ICV lipohyperplasia is a common finding that occasionally may be associated with clinical symptoms and other valve pathology. It correlates to some extent with right ventricular and pancreatic fatty infiltration and with greater body weight.
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PMID:Lipohyperplasia of the ileocecal valve. 144 72

A clinicopathologic study was done on 21 cases of superficial flat-type early gastric carcinoma (IIb type EGC). In one case there was the two IIb type EGC. Nine patients had no symptoms, whereas the other 12 had either epigastralgia, hematemesis, or anorexia. The preoperative diagnosis was accurate in 15 patients; eight were demonstrated by barium study, and 13 by endoscopy. The suspicious finding of IIb type EGC was either the disappearance or irregularity of the areae gastricae by barium study and a mucosal color change by endoscopy. Well-differentiated or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas showed a slight redness of the affected mucosa whereas the poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were pale in color. Histologically, many well-differentiated or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas occupied the entire thickness of the mucosal layer whereas most of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas spread horizontally with preservation of non-cancerous glands and foveolae. The growth pattern was super type in ten lesions and small mucosal type in 12 and no pen-type growth was seen. Concerning the cell nuclear DNA ploidy pattern, 21 showed a low ploidy pattern and only one had a high ploidy pattern. The IIb type EGC seemed to have a less malignant potential from the viewpoint of growth pattern and DNA ploidy pattern. Care must be taken at the proximal line of excision of the tumor so as not to leave behind residual carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Superficial flat-type early carcinoma of the stomach. 172 61

alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) treatment has been shown to modify carcinogenesis in many experimental tumor models, including breast, urinary bladder, and colon. This study was designed to determine whether DFMO treatment can inhibit tumor growth on chemical-induced colon cancer in rats. Effectiveness of DFMO in combination with mitomycin C (MMC) was also evaluated. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats received dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg) s.c. once weekly for 20 wk to induce colon cancer. Then a double-contrast barium enema was performed, and colon tumors were detected. The animals were divided into four groups that were subjected to the following treatment: none; DFMO alone; MMC alone; and a combination of DFMO plus MMC. After 5 wk of treatment, the barium enema was repeated. For the evaluation of treatment efficacy, tumor doubling time was adopted. The mean tumor doubling time in the control group was 20.7 +/- 9.1 days (SD). "Response" was judged as effective when tumor doubling time in treatment groups was more than 38.9 days, calculated from the mean + 2 SDs in the control group. Response rates in the DFMO, MMC, and DFMO plus MMC groups were 40.0%, 10.0%, and 82.3%, respectively. DFMO was a more effective inhibitor of tumor growth than MMC, and DFMO in combination with MMC resulted in a synergic diminution of tumor growth. The double-contrast barium enema is useful to observe sequential tumor growth and may be appropriate for the evaluation of new treatment on experimental colon cancer in rats.
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PMID:Reduced growth rate of dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats. 173 57

The authors report six cases of mucus-secreting tumor of the vermicular appendix, in four women and two men (mean age 59 years). All were benign. Pain in the right lower quadrant was the initial sign in 4 cases, while the mucus-secreting tumor was an incidental finding in the other two cases. A mass was palpated in the right lower quadrant in one case. A barium enema was performed in four cases and showed an extrinsic compression of the caecal base in one case, and of the right colon in another case. Four appendectomies, one associated with removal of the adjacent caecal tissues and two right colectomies were performed. Analysis of these six cases and a review of the literature allow us to recall the histologic classification of these tumors, which determines the prognosis and to emphasize the sonographic and CT scan findings which might lead to earlier preoperative diagnosis in the future. Management depends upon the circumstances under which the tumor is discovered, the local anatomy, and the type of tumor. Appendectomy is the treatment most often performed. Faced with a tumor of the appendix, without histologic proof or when the local anatomic conditions increase the risk of opening an abscess, right colectomy is recommended.
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PMID:[Benign mucus-secreting tumors of the appendix. Six cases]. 175 23

A rare case of vagal schwannoma (neurilemoma) with involvement of the distal esophagus is presented. Chronic progressive dysphagia was the only complaint related to the schwannoma. Barium swallow showed narrowing of the distal esophagus. The tumor was embedded in the wall of the esophagus. After biopsy and diagnosis of benign schwannoma, it was dissected from the esophageal muscle and mucosa. Diagnosis of benign schwannoma should be made before excision of the lesion to avoid an unnecessary esophagectomy.
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PMID:Vagal schwannoma involving esophagus. 175 91

Thirty-eight patients with localised oesophageal carcinoma have been studied by computed tomography (CT) and barium swallow before and after preoperative chemotherapy and the results correlated with the pathological findings in the resected specimen. Overall 48% of patients showed a complete or partial response to chemotherapy on CT, compared with 50% on barium and 94% on pathological examination. This study highlights deficiencies in CT scanning and barium swallow as methods of assessing the regression of tumor bulk following chemotherapy for oesophageal carcinoma. We suggest that strict and specific criteria will have to be laid down before the results of chemotherapy in this disease can be reliably and accurately evaluated.
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PMID:Assessment of the response to chemotherapy in oesophageal cancer. 175 44

The authors were able to diagnose a huge gastric leiomyosarcoma prior to surgery using various diagnostic imaging techniques. The patient was a 68-year-old woman who presented with a large gas-filled mass the size of a child's head in the center of her abdomen. Based on characteristic findings from a gastric barium study, CT, MRI, and angiography, the patient was diagnosed as having a gastric leiomyosarcoma displaying extramural growth. Upon operation an extramural tumor (20 x 19 x 12 cm) originating from the gastric antrum was confirmed.
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PMID:A huge gastric leiomyosarcoma diagnosed preoperatively through diagnostic imaging. 177 Dec 46

A-49-year-old man was admitted because of a lower abdominal mass. During the five days prior to admission, he had noted fever and lower abdominal pain. Palpation of the abdomen revealed a tender mass, 10 cm in diameter, in the suprapubic region. An x-ray revealed an irregular collection of gas, 9 cm in diameter, in the pelvic cavity, which appeared as a mirror image when the patient was upright. Based on the physical finding and the results of a barium enema, abdominal CT, MRI, and small intestine imaging, a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the ileum was made. Excision of the tumor and part of the small intestine was performed. A saccular tumor, 11 x 6 x 5 cm, was found 1.0 m from the cecum and growing out of the wall of the ileum. A large amount of pus was found inside the cavity. The pathological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Abscessed leiomyosarcoma of the ileum. 178 Sep 12


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