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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary neoplasms of the small bowel are unusual and constitute 1-5% of all gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Preoperative diagnostic difficulties, frequent dissemination at the time of the diagnosis, and poor prognosis are characteristic of this pathology. During a period of 26 years we treated 61 patients with tumors of the small bowel, 44 malignant and 18 benign (1 patient had both). The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (62%), weight loss (41%), and gastro-intestinal bleeding (31%). More than half of the patients were treated as emergencies and among the remaining, the most useful diagnostic test was the small intestinal barium study. Seventeen patients were operated on for intestinal obstruction, 6 of them due to intussusception of the tumor, while 8 other patients presented with perforation and 7 with massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Leiomyoma was the most frequent benign lesion. Among malignancies lymphoma was encountered in 38.6%, followed by adenocarcinoma (29.6%) and leiomyosarcoma (22.8%). Lymphoma was predominant among Sephardic Jews. Curative procedures were attempted in all but one of the benign cases and in 21 of the malignant cases. At the time of surgery metastases were present in 23 patients. The postoperative mortality was high (20% and 14% in the benign and malignant groups, respectively) most probably due to the high incidence of emergency surgery in a high risk population. The prognosis of the malignant tumors was poor with a 5-year survival of 18%. Their disappointing course seems to be related to late diagnosis because of nonspecific symptoms and difficulty in bringing the tumor to the fore. Hopefully, a greater awareness will lead to an earlier diagnosis and improve the prognosis.
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PMID:Primary neoplasms of the small bowel. 154 77

Usefulness of computed tomography (CT) for the demonstration of gastric carcinoma was evaluated in 250 cases with surgical proof of diagnosis: advanced gastric carcinoma (n = 193), early gastric carcinoma (n = 47), gastric submucosal tumor (n = 8), gastric polyp (n = 1), and benign gastric ulcer (n = 1). CT was performed on prone patients after 400-600 mL of water was orally administered and a 100-mL bolus of nonionic contrast material was injected. Water provided optimal distention and satisfactory contrast to depict the normal gastric wall. Prone positioning allowed visualization of the whole gastric wall except for the fundus and prevented artifacts caused by gas during supine imaging. CT demonstrated gastric tumor as a thickened or abnormally enhanced gastric wall in 95% of advanced carcinomas, 93% of elevated early carcinomas, and 18% of depressed early carcinomas. The authors believe that CT performed with this method is useful and that it should be used in addition to barium and endoscopic studies before surgery is planned.
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PMID:CT of gastric carcinoma: preliminary results with a new scanning technique. 156 15

We have previously shown that transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with the T24 H-ras oncogene converts the cells to a tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype, in proportion to levels of ras expression. We hypothesize that ras-induced increases in malignancy occur via altered expression of various genes. We have identified OPN (osteopontin; also known as Secreted Phosphoprotein, 2ar, Eta-1, and transformation-associated phosphoprotein) as a ras-induced gene in these cells. We report here that expression of OPN RNA and secretion of OPN protein are increased in a series of ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells, in proportion to levels of expression of ras. Detection of secreted OPN protein was facilitated by a barium citrate precipitation procedure. Although the function of this protein in tumor cells is not known, OPN contains a conserved GRGDS (glycine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine) amino acid sequence, which may function as a cell attachment site for this protein. We speculate that increased expression of OPN contributes to the increased malignancy of ras oncogene-transformed NIH 3T3 cells, perhaps by alterations in either adhesive properties or integrin-mediated signal transduction pathways.
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PMID:Induction of expression of osteopontin (OPN; secreted phosphoprotein) in metastatic, ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. 156 80

The importance of diagnostic imaging in malignant gastrointestinal tumors has moved from the primary diagnosis towards staging and follow-up studies. An accurate staging by diagnostic radiology is the cornerstone in planning radiation therapy. Especially in estimating the T- and N-stage as well as the primary diagnosis in esophagus-, gastric and rectal cancer endoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound is the method of choice. When planning radiation therapy barium studies of the esophagus and contrast enema of the colon are important. Only in the case of gastric lymphoma an upper gastrointestinal series is necessary. In the case of suspected recurrent rectal cancer CT-guided biopsy distinguishes between tumor recurrence and reactive fibrosis.
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PMID:[The importance of the diagnostic imaging of malignant gastrointestinal tumors for radiotherapy]. 157 71

Pharyngocutaneous salivary fistula after laryngectomy is a serious complication that can lead to prolonged hospitalization and increased patient morbidity. A postoperative barium swallow provides the surgeon with information regarding the integrity of the pharyngeal suture line. In an attempt to determine whether this information can be used to predict or prevent salivary fistula, we reviewed the records of 109 patients who underwent total laryngectomy, including 51 who had a barium swallow before they began oral intake. Ten patients (20%) demonstrated a sinus tract originating from the pharyngeal suture line. A clinical salivary fistula developed in all four patients with a sinus tract 2 cm or longer, but in only one of six patients with a tract shorter than 2 cm. Other factors predictive of salivary fistula included tumor stage, previous radiation therapy, and the presence of concurrent postoperative complications. A single fistula developed in the 58 patients not studied with barium. Information provided by postlaryngectomy barium swallow appeared to predict, but not prevent salivary fistula formation.
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PMID:Barium swallow is a predictor of salivary fistula following laryngectomy. 158 17

The radiological evaluation of the trachea is comprehensive and includes lateral neck and anteroposterior high kilovoltage conventional X-ray films; fluoroscopy; barium study of the esophagus; angiography for vascular lesions; computed tomography (CT), which is of great value in assessing tumors that have penetrated the wall of the trachea; and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially helpful in delineating the entire length of a stenosis or a tumor because of its coronal, oblique and sagittal views. The authors describe the etiologic, anatomic and clinical aspects of tracheal stenosis, and review benign and malignant tracheal tumors together with a description of their CT and MRI characteristics.
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PMID:Tracheal lesions--assessment by conventional films, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. 159 94

The authors report two cases of colonic intussusception in the adult protruding from the anus--or colo-anal intussusception--, not due to a tumor. The first case was a chronic ileo-caeco-colique intussusception, the second case was an acute colo-rectal intussusception. Colo-anal intussusceptions are very rare: less than twenty cases have been described since 1925 in adults. The absence of a tumor origin in our cases represents a special feature, as only three other similar cases have been described. The surgical treatment in both cases was primary colonic resection without colostomy. The surgical treatment of the first case was subtotal colectomy with ileo-rectal anastomosis. The second case was primarily reduced by barium enema which allowed optimal secondary surgical resection of a prepared colon.
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PMID:[Primary colonic intussusception protruding from the anus in adults. Two cases]. 161 88

Preoperative pelvic computed tomographic (CT) images were analyzed in 50 patients with rectal carcinoma to evaluate the depth of mural invasion. Firstly the rectum was inflated with air. Secondly cross-sectional CT images of the rectal carcinoma were taken, in all cases referring to lateral scout view films and barium enema films. The circle rate of the tumor was determined in the cross-sectional image. Perirectal changes on CT were evaluated where there were spiculated and nodular appearances. The circle rate correlated with the extent of mural invasion. In cases within 1/3 circle in the circle rate and without perirectal nodular appearance, more than 90% of the tumors were limited to the muscularis propria of the rectal wall. These findings were very useful for assessing suitable surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Supplement of CT evaluation on staging of rectal carcinoma]. 161 70

Forty Japanese patients with primary malignant tumors of the small intestine were reviewed. Adenocarcinoma was the most common tumor type comprising 19 patients (47%), followed by malignant lymphoma, 11 (30%), leiomyosarcoma, 8 (20%) and carcinoid tumor, 1 (3%). Adenocarcinomas and leiomyosarcomas were primarily located in the duodenum or jejunum, whereas lymphomas were more common in the jejunum or ileum. Abdominal pain (65%) and nausea or vomiting (35%) were the most common symptoms with these tumors. Barium contrast studies were able to detect 83% of these tumors. Our results also suggest that computed tomography and ultrasonography are not reliable for diagnosing jejunal tumors while superior mesenteric angiography is effective for diagnosing ileal tumors. The duodenal and ileal tumors tended to metastasize to lymph nodes while jejunal ones tended to penetrate the serosa or to disseminate into the peritoneal cavity. The percentage of tumors potentially cured by surgery and the 5 year survival rates of the leiomyosarcomas (75% and 57%, respectively) were higher than those of adenocarcinomas (42% and 10%, respectively) and lymphomas (42% and 32%, respectively).
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PMID:Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine: analysis of 40 Japanese patients. 161 34

We present a retrospective study on 610 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed over a 10 year period; 21 patients (3.4%) had synchronous multiple primary carcinomas. Age and clinical symptoms were similar to those with single carcinomas. In 57% of patients, the presence of synchronous neoplasms was diagnosed preoperatively by colonoscopy and/or barium enema, in 38% peroperatively and in 5% postoperatively. The more frequent localizations were rectum-sigmoid colon (24%) and descendent colon-sigmoid colon (19%). Three patients had 3 synchronous tumors, respectively. According to the Dukes classification, 80% of the patients had stage B or C. The five-year survival rate was 61%, similar to that for colon cancer in general. We emphasize the importance of preoperative identification of synchronous lesions; the whole colon should be investigated before surgery in order to ensure that no synchronous tumor has been missed or to change planned surgery.
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PMID:[Synchronous carcinoma of the colon and the rectum (21 cases)]. 163 13


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