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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Charts of 566 patients admitted to the Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute over a five year period were reviewed. Routine upper gastrointestinal series was performed in 453 patients; barium enemas in 490; and proctosigmoidoscopies in 342. Upper gastrointestinal series detected no metastases or second primary malignancies but delineated the extent of large intra-abdominal tumors. Barium enema and proctosigmoidoscopy together revealed three unsuspected primary colonic tumors (1.2% in patients over 50 years of age). Sigmoidoscopy and examination of the stool for occult blood would have detected the same patients. Barium enema may be limited to surgical cancer patients in whom the extent of local tumor invasion is to be defined and to older patients in whom colonic tumors are suspected. Neither UGIS nor barium enema appear to be of value as a routine preoperative screening test in surgical cancer patients.
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PMID:Barium enema, proctosigmoidoscopy and upper gastrointestinal series in the preoperative evaluation of the cancer patient. 85 53

Twelve cases of neonatal intussusception are presented and another 25 taken from the literature are reviewed. Intussusception in the first month of life is a distinct clinical and pathological entity, presenting as bowel obstruction in the first days and usually led by a tumor. In the past, a high mortality rate has been related to late diagnosis. The barium-enema examination is diagnostic.
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PMID:Neonatal intussusception. Report of 12 cases. 91 58

The use of routine diagnostic tests to evaluate patients periodically after treatment for carcinoma of the cervix has been reviewed. Of 169 patients treated at Brooke Army Medical Center for carcinoma of the cervix, 73 were evaluated after their treatment by a group of six diagnostic tests referred to collectively as an oncologic survey. The survey consisted of an intravenous pyelogram (IVP), chest roentgenogram, barium enema, cystoscopy, proctoscopy, and bone scan. Although 16 patients developed recurrent tumor, the oncologic survey detected only three recurrences that had not already been suspected by physical examination. Only the IVP and chest roentgenogram were of sufficient benefit to suggest their routine use for the detection of recurrent cancer. The other tests included in the oncologic survey were not beneficial when used routinely and should be reserved to evaluate patients otherwise suspected of recurrent cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of conventional diagnostic tests for detection of recurrent carcinoma of the cervix. 91 Aug 42

Among mediastinal tumors requiring operative treatment endothoracic goiters have to be considered as common cause (13.7%) in differential diagnostic aspects next to dysontogenetic and neurogenic tumors. Final diagnosis is best established by chest x-rays in two directions, perhaps with additional barium swallow and a scintigraphy (131I or technetium). Angiography is of no valuable further information concerning tumor identification or operability. The disadvantage refers to unwanted iodine load in case of thyroid malignancy. The operative approach for real mediastinal goiter necessitates partial or total sternotomy or occasionally lateral thoracotomy.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of endothoracic goiter (author's transl)]. 92 60

Advances in radiation techniques and increased dosage have improved the cure rate of patients with cancer of the cervix to 65 percent. Associated with this increased dosage (betatron, 5,250 r and intracavitary 137-cesium, 4,000 r at point A) has been a serious complication incidence of 10 percent. Major intestinal complications usually become manifest within an 8 to 24 month period following radiation. Few are associated with tumor and the majority are amenable to surgical correction. Rectosigmoid stenosis is a common and frequently unrecognized complication. The 8 to 12 cm. segment of rectosigmoid, with its rigid wall and narrowed lumen, can be recognized on barium examination. The symptoms are those on incomplete obstruction and deterioration, frequently confused with tumor progression. Thirty-one patients have been treated by resection and low anterior anastomosis with relief of symptoms. Rectosigmoid stenosis progressing to necrosis, perforation, or fistula (an additional 29 patients) is treated best by the Hartmann operation as a first stage. This procedure has been less complicated than either colostomy alone or resection and anastomosis. Fifteen patients with low level rectovaginal fistula or stenosis were treated by defunctioning sigmoid colostomy. A loop transverse colostomy was unsatisfactory. Ileorectovaginal fistulas occurred in an additional six patients. Preoperative investigation should establish the presence or absence of an ileal component in all fistulas. Radiation ileitis is rare as an isolated finding but frequently is associated with severe rectosigmoid damage. Surgical treatment is seldom necessary but, if indicated (ten patients), resection appears to be preferable to bypass.
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PMID:Radiation injuries to the bowel associated with the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. 96 30

True giant cell tumors of bone (osteoblastomas) are comparatively rare but often large at time of discovery, making the surgical treatment controversial. Simple curettage or resection with bone filling is used when the lesion is small. Resection with arthroplasty or arthrodesis and possibly amputation is used in advanced cases. Thorough curettage with acrylic cementation is presented in a series of 6 cases from Rotterdam and Lund with a follow-up time between 2 and 7 years. The advantages of this method are full and early mobility and stability as well as a simplified postoperative X-ray control, especially when barium sulphate contrast has been added to the acrylic cement. Finally, if this technique is used in cases where more extensive surgery becomes necessary later, there is much to gain and little to lose. The operation may turn out to be the method of choice for this special type of tumor when a simple curettage or resection is no longer possible without loss of function. No recurrences or spread have been observed among these 6 cases. It is suggested that the heat generation could be an advantage of the method.
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PMID:Curettage and acrylic cementation in surgery of giant cell tumors of bone. 97 47

Radiologic study of patients continues to be of major importance in the detection of gastric malignant neoplasms and often provides the stimulus for further diagnostic procedures. The conventional roentgenographic procedure for this disease comprises a careful fluoroscopic examination of gastric peristalsis and distensibility, and views obtained with graded compression, mucosal relief, double-contrast technique, and barium filling. No single method has the ability to disclose all pathognomonic signs of a gastric tumor. Pharmacologic motor inhibitors or stimulators may be used to aid study of peristalsis. The usefulness of peritoneography, parietography and arteriography in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma is also examined. Diagnosis of early gastric carcinoma remains a radiologic challenge and the Japanese classification system is recommended. Perhaps the disease could be detected earlier, in countries with low or moderate incidence and without the benefit of regional screeing centers, if subtile roentgenographic techniques were applied to patients with conditions known to be associated with high risk of gastric carcinoma. The differential diagnosis of lesions which simulate gastric carcinoma is extensive and is briefly reviewed.
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PMID:[Radiologic approaches to gastric cancer (author's transl)]. 98 93

A simple and harmless method to determine the thickness of the stomach wall is described. The examination consists of a pneumoperitoneum with CO2 and a barium meal. The principle is the absorption of x-rays in three different media: gas, stomcah wall and barium. The method allows determination of the tumor-size and may avoid unnecessary surgery. All cases were verified by operation or autopsy.
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PMID:[Visualisation of gastric wall lesions in malignant tumors (author's transl)]. 101 18

In certain clinical situations, fiberoptic colonoscopy has proved most useful and effective as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Colonscopy is indicated to remove polyps when feasible and to rule out the presence of toher polyps or tumors undetected by barium enema. Patients with cancer of the colon should have preoperative colonoscopy to rule out the presence of undetected polyps or metachronous cancer. Follow-up examinations are important to insure against residual cancer or recurrence after colonscopic removal of sessile, premalianant, or malignant polypoid lesions, and to evaluate certain patients who have increased risk of polyp or tumor formation. Colonscopy usually can explain persistent, localized abnormalities detected by barium enema (ie, "filling defects") and provide a definitive diagnosis in cases of unexplained rectal bleeding or diarrhea despite negative sigmoidoscopic and barium studies. In experienced hands, this technic is safe, confortable, and effective in avoiding laparotomy to remove clinically significant polyps and in providing definitive diagnosis in many clinical situations.
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PMID:Indications for fiberoptic colonscopy. 109 59

Villous tumors of the duodenum are rare, but treatment may be problematic because of their association with invasive adenocarcinoma. Two cases of villous tumor of the duodenum are described and 39 other reported cases are reviewed. Presenting symptoms were bleeding 27%; obstruction 24%; jaundice 22% and vague dyspepsia 20%. Diagnosis may be made by radiographic barium contrast evaluation of the duodenum, especially with the addition of air contrast hypotonic studies and by fibro-optic endoscopy. Twenty-seven per cent of villous tumors of the duodenum are associated with adenocarcinoma. Invasive tumor is more common in patients over 50 years old (35%), in tumors of the third and fourth portions of the duodenum (44%) and in tumors over 4 cm in diameter (30%). Local excision is the treatment of choice for benign lesions. Pancreatico-duodenectomy is recommended for tumors which include invasive carcinoma in patients without distal metastases.
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PMID:Villous tumors of the duodenum. 111 48


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