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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Invasion of the duodenum by contiguous cancer or an isolated metastasis can manifest itself with the signs and symptoms of primary cancer of the duodenum. Fourteen patients were identified with this type of diagnostic confusion. All of their tumors were in the second or third portion of the duodenum. Although the median length of survival after excision of the tumor or palliative bypass operations in these patients was nine months, considerably longer survival times have also been described. Barium enema examinations and excretory urograms should be considered as diagnostic tests for any patient with a tumor of the duodenum to identify the contiguous carcinomas of the colon and kidney subject to long palliation.
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PMID:Alien cancers of the duodenum. 5 94

The prognosis in colorectal neoplasia has not improved in the past 20 years despite improved diagnostic techniques. The greatest promise lies in wider screening and earlier radiographic and endoscopic detection. To clarify the radiologist's role in finding large bowel tumors, the clinical, pathologic, and radiologic literature is reviewed. Since individuals over 40 years of age harbor the bulk of colon neoplasms, the most diligent efforts to detect these lesions should be made in this group. Controlled studies comparing single and double contrast barium enema techniques are lacking, but available data suggest that the double contrast examination is more sensitive for detection of the numerous small, but potentially malignant colon tumors. Careful radiographic technique, including a thoroughly clean colon, is critical for accurate detection regardless of which technique is used.
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PMID:Progress in radiology: colorectal tumors: pathology and detection. 10 63

Zenker's diverticulum is a common developmental anomaly seen usually in the elderly. Carcinoma in this pharyngoesophageal outpouching has been reported in only 23 instances. A 55-year-old woman is presented whose only symptoms were dysphagia and periodic regurgitation of bloodstained material. Barium swallow and esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of a neoplasm, and biopsy revealed an epidermoid carcinoma. Wide field resection was followed by a full course of irradiation and secondary pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. The patient was free of disease at three-year follow-up.
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PMID:Carcinoma in a Zenker's diverticulum. 12 79

A case of localized giant pseudopolyposis in ulcertative colitis is discussed in which a mass effect mimicked tumor. The fulminant collection of pseudopolyps was palable in the epigastrium on physical exam and caused a partial obstruction to the retrograde flow of barium. Carcinoma is a worrisome possibility in ulcerative colitis, but localized giant pseudopolyposis may also present as a mass.
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PMID:Localized giant pseudopolyposis in ulcerative colitis. 17 77

A review of the barium enema studies in 73 patients with diverticular disease of the colon and with and without associated neoplasm leads to the conclusion that the correct radiologic recognition of an associated neoplasm in a colon with diverticulitis or diverticulosis can be made only about half the time. The limitations of the radiographic method and radiologic findings in distinguishing diverticulitis from carcinoma should be more clearly recognized by the clinician.
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PMID:A double-blind study of radiologic accuracy in diverticulitis, diverticulosis, and carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. 26 32

Lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) has been shown to be produced by LPS-stimulated human adherent cells (monocytes) and peripheral leukocytes, but many non-macrophage cell lines failed to produce LAF. Other macrophage activators including latex microspheres, antigen-antibody complexes, and barium sulfate induce the production of LAF. There is a delay of 6 hr before significant amounts of LAF activity appear in the supernatant medium and maximum activity is found after 12 to 24 hr. Chromatography of concentrated crude supernatant fractions containing LAF activity on Sephadex G-100 gave two peaks of activity (approximately 85,000 and 13,000 daltons). The latter constitutes the major activity and has been purified at least 500-fold with Sephadex G-100, anion exchange, and adsorption chromatography. Optimal stimulation with LAF induces mitosis in 10% of murine thymocytes. The purified activity is sensitive to chymotrypsin and is not affected by treatment with sodium periodate, sulfhydryl reagents, and phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride. The response of thymocytes to LAF decreases with age after 10 weeks and thymocytes obtained from animals injected with cortisone or tumor-bearing animals have an increased responsiveness to LAF.
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PMID:Purification and properties of human lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). 30 Jul 51

Angiography was performed in 14 patients with reticulum cell sarcoma. When located in the retroperitoneal tissues, the spleen or the pancreas, the tumor is hypervascular with encasement of arteries and compression or invasion of veins. Tumors of the kidneys may have a similar appearance. A gastric tumor displays slight abnormalities, mainly hypervascularity, the lesion being better demonstrated by barium examination. A case of reticulum cell sarcoma in the small bowel demonstrated arterial encasement and arteriovenous shunting.
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PMID:Angiography in reticulum cell sarcoma. 32 40

Right renal agenesis, ectopia, or anterior nephrectomy can be identified by a characteristic malposition of the right colon. Barium enemas show that the posterior portion of the right colic (hepatic) flexure occupies the area of the right renal fossa. This change in position of the right colon was not observed as a normal variant in 100 randomly selected patients but was present in each of eight patients with agenesis, ectopia, or anterior nephrectomy. This malposition should not be mistaken for internal hernia, malrotation, or displacement by tumor mass or organomegaly. Nonvisualization of the right kidney on excretory urography with normal position of the colon excludes agenesis or ectopia as diagnostic considerations.
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PMID:Malposition of the colon in right renal agenesis, ectopia, and anterior nephrectomy. 41 Feb 48

The colonic wall thickness was assessed from the plain abdominal radiograph and double contrast barium enema in 33 patients with ulcerative colitis, 28 with Crohn's colitis and 20 with neoplasia. The maximum wall thickness in the control group with neoplasia measured in non-diseased colon, was 2 mm. Accurate measurement was possible from only 34% of the plain films, owing to inadequate gas in the lumen. Measurement was possible in 84% of barium enemas, mainly in the descending colon. The maximum wall thickness associated with ulcerative colitis was 5 mm. In 50% of Crohn's colitis the wall thickness was above 5 mm. Estimation of the wall thickness was a slightly less sensitive index of the presence of colitis than the mucosal changes on double contrast enema. Distinction between the types of colitis was usually possible from the mucosal lesions. Where these could be similar, such as with confluent shallow ulceration, the tendency of Crohn's disease to be associated with a wall thickness in excess of 5 mm was valuable diagnostically.
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PMID:Bowel wall thickness as a differentiating feature between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon. 42 18

Gardner's syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder, consists of multiple polyposis of the colon associated with various soft- and hard-tissue tumors. The appearance of adenomatous hyperplasia and polyposis in at-risk patients before adolescence has not been full appreciated. Four preadolescent children from a kindred with Gardner's syndrome were examined by use of colonoscopy and mucosal biopsy. In three children (18 months, 6 years, and 9 years old) adenomatous hyperplasia or polyposis was found. The colon of the fourth child (3 years old) was normal. The three affected children were asymptomatic. The youngest had a barium enema and results were normal. The oldest child had polyps. Biopsies revealed focal atypical hyperplasia of the glands with pseudostratification of the epithelial cells, frequent mitotic figures, and the absence of goblet cells. More severe manifestations were noted in the splenic flexure than in the sigmoid flexure or rectum. The youngest patient showed early adenomatous hyperplasia characterized by a marked reduction of the goblet cells, especially in the surface epithelium. Colonoscopy and mucosal biopsies are mandatory in at-risk children. By deferring colonic examination until adolescence, a patient is placed at risk for malignant degeneration of the adenomatous tumor.
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PMID:Early detection of adenomatous polyposis coli in Gardner's syndrome. 44 Aug 12


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