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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that photodynamic therapy (PDT) of experimental bladder tumors leads to rapid destruction of the endothelial lining within the tumor microvasculature. Endothelial cell death during PDT may be a consequence of direct cell injury resulting from retention of photosensitizer within the endothelial cell or, alternatively, result from intravascular activation of circulating photosensitizer with subsequent indirect endothelial damage. In the experiments described here, we investigated the possibility that photosensitizer retained within the endothelial cell was sufficient to cause endothelial cell injury in the absence of circulating drug. The experimental model was rat aorta photosensitized in vivo via the intravenous injection of tin(II) etiopurpurin dichloride (SnET2), and subsequent in situ or in vitro (in explant culture) light (670 nm) treatment from an argon pumped dye laser. Damage to the lining of the aorta was assessed morphometrically by determining the areal density of silver stained endothelial cells. Results indicate that purpurin SnET2-PDT directly damages the endothelial lining.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy: effect on the endothelial cell of the rat aorta. 179 56

To develop new hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, we incorporated fluorine atoms into the side chain of the 2-nitroimidazole. Of the resulting compounds, KU-2285 (a 2-nitroimidazole with an N1-substituent of CH2CF2CONHCH2-CH2OH) was considered the most useful as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. In this study, its in vivo radiosensitizing activity and acute toxicity were compared with those of etanidazole. The reduction potentials of KU-2285 and etanidazole were -0.96 V and -1.05 V vs Ag/Ag+ in N,N-dimethylformamide, respectively, and their respective octanol/water partition coefficients were 0.25 and 0.040. The in vivo radiosensitizing activity of KU-2285 was found to be similar to that of etanidazole at the same administration dose when assayed by an in vivo-in vitro assay, a growth delay assay, and a tumor control assay using SCC VII tumor or transplanted mammary tumor in C3H/He mice. Although the radiosensitizing activity of etanidazole was reduced when it was administered orally, there was no significant difference in the radiosensitizing activity of KU-2285 whether it was administered intravenously, intraperitoneally, or orally. The acute toxicity measured as the LD50/7 in 8-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice was found to be 2.4 g/kg (intravenously), 2.1 g/kg (intraperitonealy), and 4.25 g/kg (orally) for KU-2285, whereas it was 4.75 g/kg (intravenously) for etanidazole.
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PMID:A fluorinated 2-nitroimidazole, KU-2285, as a new hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. 182 62

A tumor of 60 years' duration overlying the sternum of an 87-year-old woman is described. Histologically, the tumor was composed of lobules and cords of epithelial cells with finely granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The epithelial nests were floating in large pools of mucinous stroma, separated by thin fibrovascular septa. Cytoplasmic argyrophilia was seen by Grimelius silver stain. Positive reactions of the tumor cells were also found for chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase. Ultrastructural study revealed that the cytoplasm of the tumor cells contained two types of granules: neurosecretory and mucinous. From these findings, the present tumor is considered to be a carcinoid tumor with amphicrine cells, and the term "mucinous carcinoid" of the skin seems to be appropriate for the diagnosis of the present case.
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PMID:Ultrastructural study of a mucinous carcinoid of the skin. 185 40

A quantitative analysis of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in renal adenocarcinoma is proposed. The NORs have been evaluated on paraffin sections by a silver staining methods. A series of 19 renal adenocarcinoma is tested. A significant statistical difference (P less than 0.001) is found between normal and neoplastic tubules and between different stages of neoplasia. The authors suggest that this method if supported by authors date, may be a new prognostic index.
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PMID:[A quantitative analysis of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in renal adenocarcinoma]. 186 98

In this study we wanted to find out if the size or position of the constitutive C-band positive heterochromatin regions of chromosomes was associated with variation in prostatic cancer predisposition. We found no such association when comparing the whole patient group with healthy controls, but younger (less than 70 years) cancer patients had significantly higher frequencies of large C-bands on chromosomes 1 and 16 than older patients (greater than 70 years). This could indicate a possible relationship between the amount of constitutive heterochromatin on chromosomes 1 and 16 and susceptibility to early development of prostatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine if the number of AgNORs was higher in malignant than normal or hyperplastic prostatic tissue, and if the number of AgNORs increased with increasing grade of malignancy. More AgNOR dots were found in the prostatic adenocarcinomas (average 24/cell) than in the normal and hyperplastic prostates (average 13/cell). The poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas had more AgNORs than the moderately and well differentiated cancers. The data indicate that analysis of silver staining-positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumors, and between highly malignant and low malignant carcinomas. The purpose was to find consistent and specific chromosome abnormalities in primary prostatic adenocarcinomas. Because then existing techniques for culturing human neoplastic prostatic tissue rarely yielded sufficiant epithelial cell growth and mitosis we decided to modify these techniques. Tumor samples from 82 patients were processed for short-term culture. Cytogenetic analysis was successful in 57 tumors, 42 of which were cultured after September 1, 1988, when the modifications were implemented. Thirteen of the 15 primary tumor samples that contained clonal karyotypic abnormalities were processed after September 1, 1988. Loss of chromosomal material from 7q, 8p, and 10q, and structural aberrations of bands 7q22 and 10q24 were the most common aberrations found. From these data it may be inferred that both loss of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes located in the breakpoint regions may be important pathogenetic events in the development or progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma. In this study we wanted to examine the clinical implications of karyotypic abnormalities. We found a significant difference in survival after diagnosis and surgery between patients whose tumors had clonal structural abnormalities (A), patients whose tumors had nonclonal changes (NA), and patients whose tumors had normal karyotypes only (N).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cytogenetic studies of prostatic cancer. 187 51

GRF was isolated from a human tumor of the pancreas and characterized. GRF stimulates the in vivo and in vitro secretion of GH. The present study was designed to find out whether human (h) GRF agonist could be internalized and to determine the subcellular localization of internalized peptide in somatotrophs. Autoradiography was performed on rat anterior pituitary glands removed at specific time intervals (2-60 min) after iv injection of monoradioiodinated [125I] (His1,Nle27) hGRF (1-32) NH2. Administration of an excess of unlabeled hGRF agonist along with the radioiodinated hormone prevented the uptake, indicating the specificity of the reaction. At the ultrastructural level only the somatotrophs appeared to contain silver grains. The main effect of hGRF agonist injection on the cytological aspect of the somatotrophs was a decrease in the area occupied by secretory granules, accompanied inversely, by an increase in that of the Golgi complex. The time course study in somatotrophs showed that five compartments (plasma membrane, secretory granules, cytoplasmic matrix, nuclear membrane, and lysosomes) have distinct marked labeling patterns. Plasma membrane, secretory granules, and nuclear membrane were labeled throughout the time course studied (2-60 min after injection). Cytoplasmic matrix was labeled 5 min post injection and lysosomes 15 and 30 min after injection. The Golgi complex, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus matrix were not labeled. The findings show the cellular specificity of GRF uptake by somatotrophs and the internalization process from the plasma membrane to the intracellular organelles (secretory granules, lysosomes, and nuclear membrane). Labeling of the secretory granule compartment suggests that granules may bind and protect internalized peptide from lysosomal degradation. The appearance of label on the nuclear membrane suggests that GRF may have effects on the translocation of messenger RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm in somatotrophs.
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PMID:Uptake and ultrastructural localization of a [125I] growth hormone releasing factor agonist in male rat pituitary gland: evidence for internalization. 187 85

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules have been implicated in cell adhesion in two ways. In addition to the well-established role of class II antigens in low-affinity adhesion provided by interactions between class II and CD4, recent data indicated that class II may also induce adhesion between T and B cells by activating the CD18/CD11a (LFA-1) adhesion pathway. Here we report that monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against HLA-DR (L243, p4.1, HB10a, VI15) and certain broad class II reacting mAb (TU35, TU39), but not anti-DQ (TU22, Leu-10) mAb, induced homotypic aggregation of human class II-positive monocytic (I937) and T leukemic (HUT78) tumor cell lines and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B-lymphoid cell lines (EBV-LCL). Class II-negative cell lines (U-937 and the EBV-LCL mutant line 616) were not induced to aggregate. An HLA-G-transfected EBV-LCL, 221-AGN, but not the class I-negative parental line, 221, showed homotypic aggregation in response to an HLA-G specific mAb (87G) and a broad reacting class I-specific mAb (IOT2). Both cell lines responded with aggregation to anti-class II mAb (TU35). The anti-class I mAb, W6/32, had no effect on all cell lines tested and two anti-beta 2-microglobulin mAb had variable, weak effects. The aggregation response was an active, temperature-sensitive process which was almost totally abrogated by azide and by cytochalasins B and E, but unaffected by colchicine, EDTA, aphidicolin, actinomycin D and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein, herbimycin A). Serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors (staurosporin, H7) partly inhibited the aggregation responses. There was no strict correlation between induction of aggregation and epitope density. FcR were not involved in the aggregation response, since F(ab')2 fragments of anti-DR mAb, L243, were as effective as the whole antibody. The aggregation was not influenced by mAb against accessory molecules previously shown to be involved directly or indirectly in homotypic aggregation [CD11a (LFA-1)/CD18/CD54 (ICAM-1), CD58 (LFA-3)/CD2, BB1/CD28, CD43, and CD44]. In conclusion, these data provide further evidence that HLA molecules are implicated in a novel, cellular aggregation phenomenon involving the cytoskeleton.
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PMID:Homotypic aggregation of human cell lines by HLA class II-, class Ia- and HLA-G-specific monoclonal antibodies. 188 60

The gross, histomorphologic, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical findings in 16 dogs with medullary thyroid carcinoma were evaluated. Grossly, the neoplasms were encapsulated, firm, lobulated, and grey-white to tan. The typical histologic pattern was groups or sheets of round to polygonal cells with fibrovascular stroma, which was thickened and hyalinized in places. Variants of clear cell (two dogs), giant cell (one dog), and oxyphil cell (one dog) types were also seen. In all 16 dogs, Grimelius-stained sections of the neoplasms revealed intracytoplasmic silver granules; ten tumors contained amyloid and four contained mucin. Immunohistochemically, the neoplasms reacted to AE1/AE3 (n = 13), S-100 protein (n = 5), neuron specific enolase (n = 14), synaptophysin (n = 11), calcitonin (n = 16), somatostatin (n = 4), gastrin (n = 7), and serotonin (n = 6). Only one neoplasm was positive for vimentin. None of the neoplasms reacted to antibodies for neurofilaments, thyroglobulin, insulin, glucagon, or adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Eleven neoplasms contained multiple (two to four) peptides, in various combinations. It was concluded that in dogs, gross and histologic features can be used to distinguish medullary thyroid carcinoma from other thyroid malignancies. Cytochemical and immunocytochemical studies with neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin, and calcitonin can be used to establish the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in dogs.
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PMID:Gross, histologic, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical study of medullary thyroid carcinoma in sixteen dogs. 190 46

The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) of 100 cancer cells from biopsy specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in 98 surgically treated cases was examined, using a silver colloid staining technique on biopsy specimens. The number of AgNOR per nucleus (AgNOR number) was higher in the more advanced groups with regard to the length of the tumor (P less than 0.01), the depth of penetration (P less than 0.05), and lymph node metastasis (P less than 0.01). The survival of the patients with a high AgNOR number (greater than or equal to 6) was significantly poorer than those with either a medium range AgNOR number (4 less than or equal to-less than 6) (P less than 0.05) or a low AgNOR number (less than 4) (P less than 0.01). In the multivariate analysis including conventional clinicopathological factors, the AgNOR number was found to be one of the independent and significant variables (P less than 0.01). Because the AgNOR method is simple and can be applied to paraffin-embedded sections, the AgNOR number may provide potential benefit in the pretherapeutic assessment of malignant potentiality in esophageal carcinoma.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in esophageal carcinoma. 191 55

Nuclear proteins obtained from human brain tumor cell lines by differential salt extraction were subjected to high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Several hundred spots were detectable in the low salt (0.4 M NaCl) extract using silver staining. These patterns exhibited remarkable differences between the different cell lines we analyzed. A less complex pattern occurred when nuclei were subsequently treated with high salt (2.5 M NaCl/5 M urea). We compared the electropherograms from various human glioblastoma cell lines and found them very similar and even a high degree of similarity occurs between glioblastomas and other human tumor cell lines. Beside these more general observations we detected several proteins at least enriched in human glioblastomas which were totally absent in low grade astrocytomas and nonglial tumors. They could be separated from the bulk of nonspecific proteins by simple modifications of the isoelectric focusing conditions. From these results we conclude that nuclear proteins obtained by sequential salt extraction and separated by two-dimensional techniques may provide tumor specific proteins suitable for antibody production.
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PMID:Nuclear and DNA-binding proteins in human brain tumors. 191 44


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