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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions is an objective method for evaluating the malignancy of a variety of tumors. We studied 126 ciliochoroidal melanomas, three coincidental nevi that occurred in eyes with melanomas, and one magnocellular nevus collected from the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study to determine the effectiveness of the silver-stained nucleolar organizer region technique in assessing the malignant potential of these tumors. Malignant lesions demonstrated higher mean silver-stained nucleolar organizer region counts (4.347) than benign nevi (1.855) (P less than or equal to .0001). Among malignant melanomas, mixed-cell melanomas had slightly higher counts than spindle-cell melanomas (P less than or equal to .0001), but this difference was not important clinically. Results were also compared to other histopathologic variables, which disclosed correlation of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions with mitoses and tumor size. Comparison with computerized cytomorphometric analyses of prognosis also disclosed significant correlation. This technique may prove to be a useful adjunct in the assessment of malignancy and treatment response of uveal melanomas.
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PMID:The value of nucleolar organizer regions in uveal melanoma. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. 170 Jun 11

A silver colloid technique to identify argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region associated protein (AgNOR) was applied to 43 cases of intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (cholangiocarcinoma, CC), 2 with bile duct adenoma (BDA), 5 with focal duct epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) associated with hepatolithiasis, 15 with posthepatitic ductular proliferation (PHDP) associated with massive or submassive hepatic necrosis and 20 of normal liver. In the present study, only discrete, easily counted black dots within nuclei and silver-stained nucleolus were counted under a magnification of x 400 without oil-immersion objectives. The mean AgNOR count of CC was significantly higher than those of BDA, FEH, PHDP and normal controls (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.001, P less than 0.01, and P less than 0.001, respectively). Among CCs the mean AgNOR numbers of papillary adenocarcinoma (pap), moderately (tub2) and poorly differentiated (por) adenocarcinoma, and adenosquamous carcinoma (as) were significantly higher than that of normal controls (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.001, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001, respectively), and those of tub2, por and as were also significantly higher than those of BDA, FEH and PHDP, whereas that of well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (tub1) was not different from those of BDA, FEH, PHDP and normal controls, and that of pap was not different from those of BDA, FEH and PHDP. The mean numbers of AgNORs of BDA and FEH were not different from that of normal controls, whereas that of PHDP was significantly higher than that of normal controls (P less than 0.01). Interestingly, the mean AgNOR counts of tubular adenocarcinoma were increased with histologic tumor grades.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Demonstration of nucleolar organizer regions in intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma by the silver-staining technique. 170 12

Nineteen colorectal biopsy specimens, stained by Hematein-Eosin-Safran (HES), were examined by light microscopy and showed a thick, blue and fuzzy brush border. Without any further microbiologic investigation, this histologic feature is considered strongly suggestive of colorectal spirochetosis. Our study concerned 19 male patients aged between 35 and 68 years, who had no risk factor for HIV infection, but who belonged to these three groups: (a) those suffering from chronic diarrhea; (b) those without intestinal symptoms; (c) those who had a colonic tumor removed. Rectal biopsy specimens were also taken from a control group of 35 patients seropositive for HIV-1. This thickening, which measured 3-7 microns, showed some variation within the same patient but did not depend on the site of the biopsy. It appeared as a blue fuzzy band on HES stain, was purple on Periodic-Acid-Schiff stain and basophilic after Giemsa stain. Silver stain by Warthin-Starry method confirmed the presence in three cases of numerous spirochetes attached to the epithelial surface. Two of the three patients had no symptom. In the control group, a thickening of the brush border, was observed in only one case, but no spirochete by silver stain was seen. The thickened blue, fuzzy brush border of the colonic mucosa is not a specific criterion. The pathologist must be aware of the possible presence of spirochetes that can only be confirmed by a silver stain. The pathogenicity of spirochetosis remains to be defined.
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PMID:[Colo-rectal spirochetosis: is it an anatomo-pathologic entity?]. 170 40

The number of silver-stained nucleolar proteins (AgNORs) was enumerated in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat tongue lesions induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). Male ACI/N rats were given 0 to 10 p.p.m. 4-NQO for 12, 20 or 36 weeks to induce hyperplasia, dysplasia and neoplasm in tongue. The mean numbers of AgNORs stained by a modified one-step silver colloid method in various epithelial lesions were as follows: normal squamous epithelium (n = 5), 1.52 +/- 0.03; non-lesional squamous epithelium (n = 5), 1.58 +/- 0.04; hyperplasia (n = 20), 1.84 +/- 0.15; dysplasia (n = 20), 2.32 +/- 0.12; papilloma (n = 6), 2.23 +/- 0.10; and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 4), 3.06 +/- 0.26. Thus, the mean number of AgNORs showed a stepwise increase from untreated and treated, histologically normal squamous epithelium through hyperplasia and dysplasia to squamous cell papilloma and carcinoma, although the value of severe dysplasia was between those of papilloma and carcinoma. These results indicate that the mean number of AgNORs may reflect the proliferative nature of tongue lesions, as suggested in carcinogenesis of other organs, and also suggest that severe dysplasia is a direct precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue induced by 4-NQO.
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PMID:Alterations of the nucleolar organizer regions during 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced tongue carcinogenesis in rats. 170 23

We have modified existing techniques for silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions of intact interphase cells by hypotonic swelling and by formic acid treatment to reduce background staining. This allowed the microscopic identification and counting of individual AgNORs in the nucleoli. The method was used on nine adenomatous prostatic samples (including one of normal prostate tissue outside a localized tumor) and on seven prostatic adenocarcinomas. In general, the adenomatous samples displayed fewer AgNORs (mean 13 dots/cell) than did the carcinomas (mean 24 dots/cell). Although no cells with very high AgNOR counts were found in specimens from nonmalignant tumors, two of the adenomatous prostates did have AgNOR profiles that to a large extent overlapped with those of carcinomas. A highly differentiated carcinoma (of which only very small amounts were present in the sample) had low AgNOR counts. The three moderately differentiated carcinomas had more silver-positive material than the nonmalignant prostates but less than the three poorly differentiated carcinomas. The latter tumors also had a substantial proportion of cells with greater than 60 AgNOR counts, something that was never seen in carcinomas with higher differentiation. The data indicate that analysis of silver staining-positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumors and between highly malignant and low malignant carcinomas.
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PMID:AgNOR staining in benign hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate. 170 12

When the number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) was counted in 274 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the mean number per nucleus in patients overall was 5.07 +/- 1.92 (SD). With the use of the tumor (T)-nodes (N)-metastasis (M) classification, the mean Ag-NOR count for patients with T1 and T2 disease was statistically lower than that for those with T3 and T4 disease (P less than 0.01). The mean Ag-NOR counts were lower in patients with N0 disease than in those with N1 and N2 disease (P less than 0.01); lower in patients with stage I disease than in those with stage II, IIIA, IIIB, or IV disease (P less than 0.01); and lower in patients with adenocarcinoma than in those with squamous cell carcinoma (P less than 0.01) or large-cell carcinoma (P less than 0.05). In 131 patients with stage I disease, the mean Ag-NOR count was 3.80 +/- 1.32, and the 5-year survival rates of patients with Ag-NOR counts of less than 3.80 and greater than or equal to 3.80 were 78 and 44%, respectively, including 78% and 25% for adenocarcinoma, respectively (P less than 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference for those in stage II, IIIA, IIIB, or IV, and in stage I (without an adenocarcinoma). Because patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer and a high number of Ag-NORs had a poor prognosis, Ag-NORs can serve as a pertinent marker of an early recurrence.
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions as a prognostic indicator for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. 171 25

A 54-year-old man underwent a radical nephrectomy for a presumed renal cell carcinoma. The tumor was large, showed areas of cystic degeneration and calcification, and had completely obliterated the normal renal parenchyma. The light microscopic appearance was atypical for renal cell carcinoma, and when electron microscopy revealed innumerable neurosecretory granules a diagnosis of carcinoid tumor was made. The tumor cells were argentaffin- and argyrophil-negative but were chromogranin-, neuron-specific enolase-, and leu-7-positive. When tested with a battery of antibodies against specific polypeptide hormones, the tumor exhibited diffuse pancreatic polypeptide and focal somatostatin immunoreactivity. Our case represents only the 16th case of carcinoid tumor of the kidney to be reported and the first with demonstrated pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactivity. The predominantly trabecular histology, nonreactivity with silver stains, and immunohistochemical profile of this case are common characteristics of hindgut carcinoids, suggesting that, like rectal carcinoids, renal carcinoids are tumors of hindgut endocrine cells.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumor of the kidney with morphologic and immunohistochemical profile of a hindgut endocrine tumor: report of a case. 172 13

The relationship between the quantity of silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), nuclear DNA content, and proliferative activity was studied in 61 patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. The proliferative activity of adenocarcinoma was estimated by tumor volume doubling time based on chest X-ray findings. There was a high, inverse correlation between the AgNORs and the tumor doubling time (p less than 0.001, r = -0.815), and the contribution rate was high value (2 = 0.664). However, the AgNORs value was an independent prognostic factor for survival time. A better 5-year survival rate was observed in patients with DNA diploidy than in DNA aneuploidy, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. There was an inverse correlation between the DNA index and tumor doubling time (p less than 0.05, r = -0.565), but the contribution rate had a low value (r2 = 0.319). These results indicate that the AgNORs value is important in providing an estimate of the proliferative activity of adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Nucleolar organizer regions, nuclear DNA content, and proliferative activity in adenocarcinoma of the lung]. 175 6

The biological significance of silver binding nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) had been evaluated in tissue sections from 21 colonic adenomas (11 mild atypia, 10 moderate atypia), 23 primary adenocarcinomas of the colon (12 intramucosal carcinomas, 11 advanced carcinomas) and 5 control cases, by automatic image analysis. A significant difference in the mean number of Ag-NORs per nucleus was found when adenomas with moderate atypia and carcinomas were compared with adenomas of mild atypia and control cases. The mean Ag-NORs area per 1 Ag-NOR of carcinomas tended to be larger than that of the adenomas and control group. The mean value of form factor in carcinomas showed greater pleomorphism in shape than that of adenomas and control group. The mean quotient of number and area of Ag-NOR (Ag-NOR score) of the carcinomas was highest among the cases examined. These results indicate that evaluation of the mean Ag-NOR numbers is of great value, with regard to the cell proliferation, and that of Ag-NOR score may give the most accurate estimation of biological character in different groups of colonic neoplasia.
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PMID:[Biological significance of nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (Ag-NOR) in adenomas and carcinomas of the colon]. 176 32

The precise location of transcribing rRNA genes within Ehrlich tumor cell nucleoli has been investigated using two approaches: high-resolution autoradiography of cells pulse-labelled with tritiated uridine, varying the exposure time, and in situ-in vitro transcription coupled with an immunogold labelling procedure. When autoradiographic preparations are exposed for a short time, silver grains are found associated almost exclusively with interphasic cell nucleoli. Labelling of extranucleolar areas requires longer exposure. Within the nucleolus, the first sites to be revealed are in the dense fibrillar component. Prolonging exposure increases labelling over the dense fibrillar component, with label becoming more and more apparent over the fibrillar centers. Under these conditions, however, labelling does not extend into the granular component, and no background is observed. Initiation of transcription on ultrathin cell sections occurs preferentially at the borders of condensed chromatin blocks and in their close vicinity. The condensed chromatin areas themselves remain unlabelled. Inside most nucleoli, gold-particle clusters are mainly detected in the fibrillar centers, especially at their periphery, whereas the dense fibrillar component and the granular component remain devoid of label. These results, together with previous observations made on the same cell type, clearly indicate that the fibrillar centers are the sites of rRNA gene transcription in Ehrlich tumor cell nucleoli, while the dense fibrillar component is the site of pre-rRNA accumulation.
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PMID:Distinguishing the sites of pre-rRNA synthesis and accumulation in Ehrlich tumor cell nucleoli. 177 3


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