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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our aim was to determine whether fucosylation of glycoproteins begins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of active thyrotrophs. This would contrast with most cells studied, in which fucosylation generally is associated with the Golgi apparatus. Mouse thyrotropic tumor tissue was incubated with [35S]methionine for 2, 5, 7, 10, 30, and 90 minutes. TSH and free alpha-subunits were immunoprecipitated from cell lysates, and they displayed a time-dependent increase in affinity for lentil lectin (which binds oligosaccharides having core fucose), even at short times. Since no 20-30 minute lag in onset of TSH- and free alpha-subunit-lentil binding was appreciated, as might have been expected had fucosylation begun only in the Golgi, it appeared that fucosylation was beginning in the RER of thyrotrophs. Pituitary tissue from euthyroid and hypothyroid mice was incubated with [3H]fucose, then subjected to electron microscopic autoradiography. The pituitaries of hypothyroid mice had numerous "thyroidectomy cells," which had 40% of silver grains over dilated cisternae of RER. "Nonthyroidectomy" cells had few silver grains over RER; most were over secretory granules and Golgi areas. Thus, active mouse thyrotrophs appear to shift the subcellular site of fucosylation partially from Golgi to RER, and this phenomenon may represent one cellular mechanism whereby the endocrine regulation of the structure of TSH oligosaccharides is accomplished.
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PMID:Fucosylation of glycoproteins begins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of mouse active thyrotrophs. 149 77

A malnourished, captive, young adult (weight-11 kg, carapace length-25 cm), female snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) was presented for examination and treatment of malnutrition and multiple carapace necroses. Because treatment was unsuccessful, the animal was euthanatized and necropsied. The main necropsy observations showed the presence of a 9 cm greyish-white/yellow, soft, fleshy to fatlike mass involving the right ovary near the oviduct opening and multiple similar, pea-to-walnut sized masses involving both ovaries. Microscopic examination of formalin fixed, hematoxylin and eosin and silver stained tissue sections revealed the masses to be composed of primordial germ cells arranged in a pattern morphologically compatible with dysgerminoma as described in women and other mammals. Very rarely have ovarian neoplasms been reported in turtles or other reptiles. This is the first neoplasm described in the snapping turtle ovary and the first dysgerminoma reported in reptilians. A tabulation of previously documented ovarian neoplasia in reptiles and a comparison of this cancer to those occurring in women will be discussed.
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PMID:Report of dysgerminoma in the ovaries of a snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) with discussion of ovarian neoplasms reported in reptilians and women. 152 Aug 37

This paper describes a new technique for locating DNA on semithin or ultrathin sections of aldehyde-fixed and plastic-embedded cells or tissues. Sections were incubated in a medium containing bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) triphosphate and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. The labeled nucleotides bound at the surface of the sections were subsequently detected with an anti-BUdR antibody and immunoglobulin-gold complex. On semithin sections, labeled nucleotide detection was achieved by an amplification step with silver enhancement. This technique was applied to a wide variety of biological materials allowing a sensitive detection of DNA-containing structures, even where these are present in very low amounts. Examples of high resolution and sensitive detection include the DNA present in mitochondria, chloroplasts, mycoplasmas, and DNA viruses. Special attention focused on the location of DNA inside the nucleolus. In Ehrlich tumor cell nucleoli, DNA was detected in the fibrillar centers and not in the dense fibrillar component. Identical results were found in the nucleoli of other cell types. These results contradict earlier data but conform with other recent immunocytochemical observations concerning the correlation between structure and function in the nucleolus. This method provides a useful tool for investigations requiring highly precise correlations between a molecular function and a given ultrastructural morphology.
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PMID:Ultrastructural detection of DNA within the nucleolus by sensitive molecular immunocytochemistry. 156 81

Nucleolar organiser regions (NORs) are loops of DNA situated on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22. They can be demonstrated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections by a one step silver technique; the resultant black structures are called AgNORs. The technique was used in 71 patients with cutaneous malignant lymphomas (CML) and 9 cutaneous pseudolymphomas (CPL). AgNORs in 200 nuclei were scored and the means, standard deviation and standard error of the means calculated. Counts were as follows: mycosis fungoides (MF) I (premycotic stage) 1.17 +/- 0.09, SEM = 0.01; MF II (infiltrating stage) 1.17 +/- 0.01, SEM = 0.02; MF III (tumor stage) 3.55 +/- 0.87, SEM = 0.43: cutaneous peripheral T cell lymphomas other than MF and Sezary's syndrome (SS) (CPTL) 2.55 +/- 1.11, SEM = 0.35; SS 1.52; cutaneous B cell lymphomas (CBCL) 2.18 +/- 0.18, SEM = 0.06; CPL 1.17 +/- 0.1, SEM = 0.03. There was a significant difference between counts for CML (MF III, CPTL, CBCL and SS) and CPL. Significant difference was also noted between scores for MF III and CBCL, and especially counts between tumor stage (MF III and CPTL) and pretumor stage (MF I and MF II) of cutaneous peripheral T cell lymphomas. Although the AgNOR technique is in the stage of research, it proves to be helpful in differentiating CML and CPL other than separating MF I and MF II from CPL.
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PMID:AGNORS in skin lesions of cutaneous malignant lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. 157 67

Forty benign and 31 malignant breast tissues were examined using a one stage colloid-stabilising silver technique for argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions (AgNOR). In 31 patients TNM staging was correlated to AgNOR score. There was a positive correlation with the T-stage and AgNOR score of the tumor (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.437). The N-stage and AgNOR score for breast cancers (n = 10) were inversely related, and there was a significant difference between the lymph node positive and negative groups (P less than 0.05). No significant relationship was identified between oestrogen receptor negative and positive groups and AgNOR score (P = 0.63). Mean regression analysis suggests that independent of the Bloom's grade, the AgNOR score is an indicator of tumour size.
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PMID:The relationship between clinical staging, oestrogen receptor status and silver-binding nucleolar organiser regions (AgNOR) in breast carcinoma. 158 1

Human keratinocytes that were grown in a skin equivalent at an air-liquid interface were analyzed morphologically and biochemically to demonstrate differentiation approaching that of human skin. Within 3 weeks of growth at the interface, cuboidal basal cells, distinct spinous and granular zones, and a fully developed cornified layer of enucleated cells formed the multilayered epidermis. Ultrastructurally, the keratinocytes in the upper granular layer contain tonofilament bundles and membrane-coating granules. These cells form cornified squames that are resistant to degradation by sodium dodecyl sulfate/dithiothreitol. Basal cells are attached to a developing basement membrane with hemidesmosomes. Immunogold silver staining analysis with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the expression of basement membrane collagens IV and VII. This level of differentiation might improve "take" of human grafts and provides a useful system with which to study topical carcinogens and tumor promoters in vitro.
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PMID:Cornification and basement membrane formation in a bilayered human skin equivalent maintained at an air-liquid interface. 158 15

Silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was used to differentiate malignant lymphoma and chronic lymphadenitis. Aspiration smear samples from lymph nodes of 120 cases, including 43 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 3 Hodgkin's disease, 56 chronic lymphadenitis, 7 tuberculosis, 6 reactive hyperplasia and 5 samples from other diseases (epidermoid cyst, branchial cyst, mixed tumor, lymphoepithelioma and nodulous disease), were investigated. The number of AgNORs in 200 cells in each sample was counted, and the mean +/- SD in each disease was calculated: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 6.58 +/- 2.37; Hodgkin's disease, 4.22 +/- 0.5; chronic lymphadenitis, 1.16 +/- 0.1; tuberculosis, 1.13 +/- 0.14; reactive hyperplasia, 1.48 +/- 0.25; other diseases, 1.47 +/- 0.31. The results indicate that the AgNOR count in malignant lymphoma differed highly significantly from that in benign disease (P less than .001). The size of AgNORs in malignant lymphoma and chronic lymphadenitis was measured, and the maximum diameter and area of lymphocyte and lymphoma cell were: lymphocyte, 0.93 +/- 0.12 microns, 0.61 +/- 0.13 microns 2; lymphoma cell, 0.83 +/- 0.22 microns, 0.50 +/- 0.25 microns 2. The AgNOR sizes in malignant lymphoma were significantly smaller than in chronic lymphadenitis (P less than .001).
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in aspirates of malignant lymphomas and benign disorders of the lymph nodes. 159 Aug 98

We studied the occurrence of DR-antigen (DR-Ag) positive thyroid epithelial cells (TEC), lymphocyte (Ly)-subsets, and antigen-presenting cells (APC) in thyroid carcinoma and the influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on immunologic behavior. Tissue slices from various thyroid carcinomas (n = 14) and endemic goiters (n = 12) were investigated by immunohistochemical methods (PAP/APAAP/FITC) using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against DR-Ag, dendritic cells (APC), endothelial cells, CD-3 Ly, CD-4 Ly, and CD-8 Ly. Monolayers of TEC were cultured in the presence or absence of TSH (0.01 mU/ml) and/or PHA (0.1 mg/ml) over 24 h and screened for DR-Ag expression. Various ranges of DR-Ag expression were detectable in 13 thyroid carcinomas. One thyroid carcinoma and all endemic goiters were DR-Ag-. The amount of APC and local infiltrating Ly correlated very well with the presence and intensity of DR-Ag+ TEC. The lymphocytic CD-4/CD-8 ratio varied in a wide range. No prevalence of Ly-distribution for any type of carcinoma was found. PHA induced DR-Ag expression in all thyroid carcinomas and endemic goiters. This effect was enhanced significantly by TSH. DR-Ag expression on thyroid carcinoma cells may be considered as an immune activating factor. These "neoantigens" may be induced by lymphokines released by the local immune competent cells. The distribution of Ly and DR-Ag+ TEC in thyroid carcinoma seems to represent the individual immunologic response against the tumor. Whether TSH acts as an immune modulator directly or indirectly, as described elsewhere, cannot be concluded from these results.
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PMID:Immunologic findings in tissue of thyroid carcinoma. 160 May 24

Because they present marked cellular changes, the cytological appearances of epithelial repair may be confused with those of cancer. To see whether the Ag-NOR staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions would be useful to distinguish benign proliferative reactions (squamous metaplasia and repair) from cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN I, CIN II, and CIN III), we studied a series of cervical smears. The smears, previously stained with the Papanicolaou technique, were destained and restained with Ag-NOR silver. Significantly different (P less than 0.05) Ag-NOR counts were found in squamous metaplasia, epithelial repair, and various degrees of CIN. The Ag-NOR technique appears useful in the diagnosis of cervical cytology and particularly in cases with marked cellular change, which could be confused with neoplasia.
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PMID:AgNOR counts are useful in cervical smears. 160 78

The concept of mesothelioma in situ is explored by a detailed examination of seven patients, subsequently proven to have pleural malignant mesothelioma, who initially had no evidence of gross tumor and for whom biopsy material was available at this early presentation. The tissue was assessed by routine microscopy, the immunoperoxidase technique for epithelial membrane antigen and silver staining for nucleolar organizer regions. Tiny lesions of the pleura that merged with or were adjacent to microscopically flat monolayered or folded mesothelium with cytological atypia were observed. The atypical cells reacted positively to epithelial membrane antigen, and the nucleolar organizer region counts were elevated. These observations are considered to support the possibility of the presence of mesothelioma in situ. These findings are discussed in the light of the proposed concept of mesothelioma in situ, its histogenesis, and its possible clinical relevance.
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PMID:The concept of mesothelioma in situ: implications for diagnosis and histogenesis. 160 57


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