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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was performed on 30 patients diagnosed antomopathologically for malignant neoplasia of the lung (epidermoid carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, oat-cell carcinomas, and neoplasias which could not be definitely classified). The following parameters for blood and urine were determined: osmolality, sodium, potassium, urea, and creatinine. Osmotic free water, creatinine, sodium, and potassium clearances were also calculated, as well as the plasma osmolality/urinary osmolality ratio. The basic aim of our study was to investigate for the presence of disturbances in the metabolism of water and alterations in plasmatic and urinary osmolality in this type of tumor. These could appear as complete inadequate ADH secretion syndromes as discovered by Bartter and Schwartz or as incomplete syndromes (hypoosmolality and/or hyponatremia). Among the more significant results was the tendency toward oliguira seen in 44% of the patients and the high incidence of plasmatic hypoosmolality (31%). In three patients plasmatic hypoosmolality and hyponatremia were concommitant in repeated observations. A complete inadequate ADH secretion syndrome was discovered in another patient with an oat-cell carcinoma. He presented plasmatic hypoosmolality, hyponatremia, relative urinary hypertonia, and oliguria but not renal, suprarenal, or hepatic pathology.
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PMID:[Investigation of the hypoosmolal syndrome in carcinomas of the lung (author's transl)]. 22 78

Human blood T-lymphocytes increase their potassium (K+) permeability and active K+ transport following lectin or antigen stimulation. We have studied the permeability and active transport of K+ by lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to determine if their membrane K+ transport was similar to resting or lectin-stimulated normal blood lymphocytes. K+ transport was assessed both by the rate of isotopic 42K+ uptake and by the rate of change in cell K+ concentration after inhibition of the K+ transport system with ouabain. CLL lymphocytes had a marked decrease in membrane K+ permeability and active transport of K+ when compared to blood T lymphocytes. K+ transport in five subjects with CLL (10 mmol.1 cell water-1.h-1) was half that in normal blood T-lymphocytes (20 mmol.1 cell water-1 h-1). Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) treatment of CLL lymphocytes did not increase significantly their active K+ transport, whereas K+ transport by normal T-lymphocytes increased by 100%. Since there were 73% T-lymphocytes in normal blood and 14% in CLL blood, the difference in membrane K+ turnover could be related either to neoplasia or to the proposed B-lymphocyte origin of CLL. We studied human tonsillar lymphocytes which contained a mean of 34% T-cells. In five studies of tonsils, K+ transport was 14 mmol.1 cell water-1.h-1 and treatment with PHA increased K+ transport only 30%. The intermediate values of basal K+ transport and K+ transport in response to PHA in tonsillar lymphocytes were consistent with the proportion of T-lymphocytes present. These data suggest that B-lymphocytes have reduced membrane permeability and active transport of K+. Thus the marked decrease in CLL lymphocyte membrane K+ permeability and transport may be a reflection of its presumed B-cell origin, rather than a membrane alteration related to malignant transformation.
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PMID:Decreased membrane potassium permeability and transport in human chronic leukemic and tonsillar lymphocytes. 30 61

A series of substituted 5-aminomethyl-2'-deoxyuridines was synthesized as analogues of 5-thymidylyltetrahydrofolic acid, a proposed intermediate in the thymidylate synthetase catalyzed reaction. 1-(3,5-Di-O-p-toluoyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-chloromethyluracil (3) was treated with the appropriate amine to give the ester protected 5-aminomethyl nucleoside. Removal of the ester groups was accomplished with anhydrous potassium carbonate in methanol to afford the free beta-nucleoside. In this way 5-(2-dimethylaminoethylaminomethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (5a), 5-dimethylaminomethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5b), 5-N-mehtylpiperazinylmethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5c), and 5-pyrrolidinylmethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5d) were prepared. Compounds 5a,b,d were converted to the respective 5'-phosphates 6a,b,d. All three compounds were subtrate competitive inhibitors of thymidylate synthetase purified from Escherichia coli, calf thymus, and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The most active compound was 6a with KI's of 6,3.1, and 14 micronM observed for the respective enzymes.
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PMID:Thymidylate synthetase inhibitors. Synthesis of N-substituted 5-aminomethyl-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphates. 32 84

Lung-carcinoma-reactive antibodies have been previously isolated from tumor tissues and pleural effusions. To explore the immunoglobulin (Ig) content of bronchial secretions, bronchial washings of patients with inflammatory and neoplastic lung diseases were studied with respect to Ig levels and specificity. Expressed as Ig/potassium ratios, statistically significant increases in Ig levels were found in inflammatory diseases and even higher increases in lung carcinomas. The isolation of Ig from bronchial washings was achieved by dissociation of immune complexes at low pH, neutralization and subsequent purification by anion exchange chromatography. The isolated immunoglobulins were tested in indirect immunofluorescence against lung cancer cells of various histologic types in tissue cultures and fresh suspensions. Positive cytoplasmic fluorescence was obtained with cells of adeno carcinomas and squamous-cell carcinomas of the lung but not with cells of normal lung. The accessibility of bronchial washings makes the investigation of their lung-cancer-reactive immunoglobulins relatively easy and raises the possibility of its eventual conversion into a screening test.
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PMID:Reactive antibodies in the bronchial washings of lung cancer patients. 36 81

We have modified and adapted two well-accepted cancer immunology research techniques to study blood leukocyte phenomena of MS patients. The LAI test of Halliday and Miller and the 3 molar potassium chloride (3M KCl) tumor antigen extraction technique of Dean and McCoy were adapted to extract from pooled MS whole blood an MSRM. The LAI test results of 53 of 58 MS patients (91%) were considered positive, but only three of 75 control subjects (4%) were positive when tested against the MSRM. This indicates that patients with MS had a greater specific reactivity to the MSRM than did the control subjects (healthy individuals and patients with disease other than MS). The specificity and reproducibility of this reaction were tested with materials prepared from various malignant diseases. Sensitized leukocytes showed consistently higher reactivity to antigen extracts prepared from corresponding types of tumors than to extracts prepared from tumors of other histological types. Our results indicate that (1) the LAI test is able to corroborate the neurological diagnosis of MS and (2) there is a blood constituent found only in the MS patient.
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PMID:The leukocyte adherence-inhibition assay as a diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis: study of a substance found in MS blood. 37 67

Lymphoma L5178Y cells were treated with neuraminidase of Vibrio cholerae, potassium iodine, dithiotreitol (DTT), mercaptoethanol, glutaraldehyde, iodoacetamide, merthiolate, sodium periodate, urea, papaine, trypsine and EDTA, to increase immunoreaction in tumor cells. Mice were immunized with modified tumor cells every week for one month. Thereafter non modified tumor cells were transplanted to previously immunized mice. Only the immunization with neuraminidase-treated cells rejected the tumor. Although the immunization with cells treated with potassium iodine, DTT and mercaptoethanol did not reject tumor, prolonged significantly span of life. The other reactives had neither effect on tumor rejection nor on span of life.
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PMID:[Immunogenicity of L5178Y cells modified by different reagents]. 41 Mar 77

Simultaneous measurement of plasma and gastric immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed in 108 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric immunoreactive CEA was more sensitive than plasma CEA (92% vs. 65% positive) in patients with gastric cancer. In cancer patients gastric CEA was significantly higher than in all other patient groups. The extent of disease, the histologic type of adenocarcinoma, and the macroscopic appearance of the tumor had no influence on gastric CEA results. Gastric CEA was elevated in 44% of patients with gastritis and 26% of patients with benign gastric ulcers, but was never elevated in patients with no gastric pathology. In patients with benign disorders, elevated gastric CEA was significantly correlated with atrophic gastritis especially of moderate or severe degrees. Elevated levels persisted in patients with pernicious anemia and severe atrophic gastritis but returned to normal with healing of benign gastric ulcers. Simultaneous measurement of gastric total protein or potassium content was necessary to correct for variations in sample collection. We conclude that gastric CEA was not useful for distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions but should be studied further for screening high risk patients, for identifying and following patients with "premalignant" conditions, and for following cancer patients before and after surgery and/or chemotherapy.
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PMID:Simultaneous gastric and plasma immunoreactive plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in 108 patients undergoing gastroscopy. 42 1

The leukocyte migration inhibition response in vitro of peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, other genitourinary diseases, and normal controls was studied. The agarose droplet migration inhibition method was used to determine the cell-mediated immune reactivity of bladder tumor patients to antigens derived from allogeneic bladder tumor cell lines by hypertonic potassium chloride extraction. Sixty-nine bladder tumor patients were tested 131 times and included 68 positive and 63 negative results. A positive assay was shown to correlate strongly with the presence of tumor at the time of testing (p less than 0.001). Five of 24 patients with other genitourinary diseases had positive inhibition assays, but none of the 26 normal controls were positive. These results suggest that this in vitro assay method may prove valuable in monitoring bladder tumor patients for completeness of initial tumor resection and for clinical recurrence as well as for further studies of the tumor-specific immune response in this disease.
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PMID:Leukocyte migration inhibition in vitro in bladder carcinoma. 44 98

Adrenal steroids and compenents of the renin-angiotensin system were measured before and after adrenalectomy in a woman with Cushing's syndrome and hypertension from a functioning adrenocortical adenoma. Aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone and cortisol were produced in excess by the adenoma, and were measured in tumor tissue. High plasma renin substrate concentrations, and normal basal and furosemide-stimulated plasma renin activities and plasma renin concentrations which were present before surgery, decreased after adrenalectomy, and the hypertension diminished. The inappropriately normal levels of renin and potassium in this patient, despite autonomous aldosterone overproduction, suggest an ineffective mineralocorticoid action of aldosterone, possibly from interaction with her other adenoma-produced steroids. The decrease in components of the renin-angiotensin system suggests a partial renin-dependence of her hypertension.
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PMID:Hypertension and aldosterone overproduction without renin suppression in Cushing's syndrome from an adrenal adenoma. 47 1

In a survey of 246 soft tissue sarcomas in the extremities and limb girdles reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry in 1960-1969, two clear cell sarcomas of tendons and aponeurones were diagnosed. We subsequently diagnosed two more examples. Three tumors were located in the foot and one in the wrist. The histology of the tumors was characteristic, and three of them were shown to contain brown pigment tinctorially indistinguishable from melanin. The pigment could be bleached with potassium permanganate. Ultrastructural studies performed in the most recent case revealed premelanosomes in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Increasing evidence in the literature and results of the present study seem to suggest that clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses represents a soft tissue malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses: malignant melanoma of soft tissues? Report of four cases. 55 73


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