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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present work reviews the conservative surgical options to treat renal tumor formation in patients who still have both kidneys, and tries to clarify the diagnostic aspects, indications and therapeutical alternatives. The controversial items are analyzed versus treatments advocating a radical surgical approach, establishing a parallelism with current trends of surgical non-intervention in renal traumatism of moderate to severe condition (grade II). A case is presented where these two pathological circumstances are concurrent: Renal traumatism with complete parenchymatous rexhis and contralateral solid renal mass, both treated conservatively. Pre-surgical diagnosis was left renal traumatism grade II and righ renal neoformation and was based in findings with CAT and arteriographia. Histology of the piece from tumorectomy was renal angiomyolipoma. After a post-surgical evolution of twelve months, therapeutical results were assessed as excellent, with no evidence of either immediate not late complications. Considering data recently communicated by most authors, the concept of simple tumorectomy or renal tumoral enucleation is suggested as valid. However, arguments both clinical and surgical, in order to confirm its indication, require very rigorous criteria and a careful selection of patients.
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PMID:[In situ tumor excision of a renal neoplasm]. 223 95

The suprarenal myelolipoma is a myeloid tissue and fat tissue tumor. It can undergo degenerative processes of haemorrhage, necrosis and calcification. The diagnostic key is based on the finding of fat tissue in the inside of a suprarenal mass. A CAT would be the method allowing a more accurate diagnosis. Its limitations came from the presence of myelolipomas with abundant myeloid tissue, or which have suffered major degenerative processes in which it is difficult to identify the fat tissue, and in large retroperitoneal masses in which it is impossible to recognize their suprarenal origin.
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PMID:[Limitations of CAT scan in the diagnosis of myelolipoma of the adrenal gland]. 223 93

We have isolated cDNAs encoding the glucocorticoid receptor from an androgen-dependent mouse tumor, Shionogi Carcinoma 115. The nucleotide sequence of the receptor revealed two different forms, designated as SC-GR I and SC-GR II. Both forms have a one-base substitution in the DNA binding domain of the wild-type mouse glucocorticoid receptor. Furthermore, SC-GR II has a three-base insertion in the interfinger region of this domain. By expressing the receptor cDNAs in cultured cells with MMTV-CAT reporter plasmid, SC-GR II was found to have about half of the activity of the wild-type mouse glucocorticoid receptor induced by either physiological or pharmacological doses of dexamethasone.
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PMID:Two naturally-occurring isoforms and their expression of a glucocorticoid receptor gene from an androgen-dependent mouse tumor. 225 90

LNCaP prostate tumor cells contain an abnormal androgen receptor system. Progestagens, estradiol and anti-androgens can compete with androgens for binding to the androgen receptor and can stimulate both cell growth and excretion of prostate specific acid phosphatase. We have discovered in the LNCaP androgen receptor a single point mutation changing the sense of codon 868 (Thr to Ala) in the ligand binding domain. Expression vectors containing the normal or mutated androgen receptor sequence were transfected into COS or Hela cells. Androgens, progestagens, estrogens and anti-androgens bind the mutated androgen receptor protein and activate the expression of an androgen-regulated reporter gene construct (GRE-tk-CAT). The mutation therefore influences both binding and the induction of gene expression by different steroids and antisteroids.
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PMID:A mutation in the ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor of human LNCaP cells affects steroid binding characteristics and response to anti-androgens. 226 Sep 66

We described clinical and neuropathological findings of a case of primary cerebral lymphoma with central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH). A 54-year-old awake woman with a primary cerebral lymphoma presented hyperventilation for two weeks. Arterial blood gas showed severe respiratory alkalosis; PH 7.603, PaCO2, 10.5 mmHg, PaO2 129.8 mmHg, HCO2 10.4 mmol/L, BE -8.0, O2SAT 98.9%. Rebreathing from a paper bag, and intravenous administration of diazepam and sodium bicarbonate failed to alter the respiratory pattern. Consecutive CAT scans indicated that CNH didn't occur when the tumor extensively invaded the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus and basal ganglia but was initiated when the lymphoma invaded the brain stem. Pathological study showed lymphoma cells invaded the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus and basal ganglia severely, and the brain stem moderately and recently. Contrary to the cases reported by Plum, Lange and Bateman, the lower medulla was also involved. Possible mechanisms for CNH are discussed in relation to the pathological findings and consecutive CAT scan findings.
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PMID:[Central neurogenic hyperventilation in an awake patient with a primary cerebral lymphoma]. 226 12

The present study was undertaken to determine the reliability of CAT scanning in the preoperative evaluation to detect or discard pelvic lymph node involvement in patients with infiltrating bladder tumor. We compared the radiologic findings with the results of histopathologic examination of the lymph nodes following lymphadenectomy or biopsy of nodes with gross evidence of tumor spread. A comparative study performed in 84 patients revealed a sensitivity rate of 36.3%, a specificity of 87.2%, and an accuracy rate of 66.2% for CAT scanning and, although radiologic evaluation afforded good results, pelvic lymphadenectomy continues to be the method of choice for correct staging of infiltrating bladder tumors.
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PMID:[Reliability of computerized axial tomography (CAT), for the evaluation of lymph node involvement in patients with infiltrating bladder tumor]. 227 70

The human p53 gene codes for a 393 amino acid nuclear phosphoprotein. p53 is most commonly described as a tumor suppressor, or anti-oncogene, although its role in vivo remains unclear. We report that GAL4-p53 fusion protein can activate transcription of a CAT reporter gene downstream of a GAL4-DNA binding site. We tested both the amino terminal 160 amino acids and the carboxyl terminal 233 amino acids of the p53 protein and found that the transcriptional activating (TA) region was restricted to the amino terminal fragment. These results imply that p53 may be a transcriptional activating factor (TAF); furthermore, these data lend support to the hypothesis of p53 as a positive regulator of transcription which might mediate its tumor suppressor role by inducing expression of a set of genes with a negative effect on cellular growth.
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PMID:A potential transcriptional activation element in the p53 protein. 228 2

The talus is a rare site of predilection for osteoid osteoma. This tumor, in its juxta-articular position, presents particular clinical and pathological features. Three cases of subperiosteal osteoid osteoma are discussed in patients aged 15, 17 and 25 years. In diagnosis, a basic role is played by awareness of the disease, which must lead to the use of bone scan, indicating the site of the pathological lesion, which may be difficult to determine because of subtle radiographic modifications, and particularly because of long-term changes in the symptoms. Radiographic examination (standard x-rays, enlarged x-rays), often characterises and reinforces what is diagnostically suspected. CAT clearly shows the features and type of osteoid osteoma in relation to the adjacent structures. Sequential angioscintigraphy, based on the captation curve of the radionuclide, may suggest the nature of the lesion, subsequently confirmed by the macroscopic picture and histological examination.
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PMID:Osteoid osteoma of the talus. 228 80

We have isolated genomic clones from several members of the UV and TPA inducible human spr2 gene-family in order to analyse the regulation of these genes at a molecular level. From one of these members, the spr2-1 gene, we have identified and sequenced the regulatory region. By using CAT fusion plasmids and a liposome mediated transfection procedure we show that the isolated promoter region contains all the cis-elements necessary for induced expression after UV irradiation or phorbolester treatment of cultured human keratinocytes. Additionally the spr2-1 promoter is shown to be regulated aswell during the normal process of keratinocyte differentiation. This makes the spr2-1 promoter sequence an ideal tool to study the molecular mechanisms by which environmental agents such as UV radiation and chemical tumor promoters interfere with normal gene expression during cell proliferation and differentiation.
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PMID:Characterization of the human spr2 promoter: induction after UV irradiation or TPA treatment and regulation during differentiation of cultured primary keratinocytes. 238 25

Over the past 10 years there has been significant progress made in the recognition and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. With the advent of CAT scans and MRI, preoperative delineation of soft tissue tumors has become readily available. The diagnostic use of these modalities in patients presenting with an ill-defined asymptomatic mass has been extremely helpful in terms of screening patients to decide whether or not a biopsy is indicated. These techniques have also provided a much clearer delineation of the anatomic extent of the primary tumor, which has been of great assistance both in radiation therapy treatment calculations as well as in preoperative surgical planning. The recognition that tumor grade is the dominant prognostic variable has resulted in the more common use of a grading system, and a more uniform reporting and stratification of end results. Recent studies with immunohistochemical staining have proven of value in determining the histogenesis of many tumors that in the past were difficult to classify accurately. Most recently the use of flow cytometry suggests that this will also be a valuable adjunct in determining tumor grade and thereby prognosis. The most recent investigations of molecular biologic evaluation of genetic DNA and RNA sequences, as well as of oncogenes are extremely interesting from a diagnostic standpoint and in demonstrating the potential of molecular biologic evaluation for understanding the origin of these tumors. Multimodality therapy with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or all three has resulted in a marked improvement in local tumor control for patients with soft tissue sarcomas. The combination of modalities has allowed smaller surgical excisions of the tumor and thereby preservation of the extremity and much of its function. There are currently several different methods of multimodality therapy used including neoadjuvant therapy and postoperative therapy, both of which have been proven efficacious. Chemotherapy is now playing an increased role in clinical investigation and treatment. The availability of Adriamycin, DTIC, cisplatin, and most recently ifosfamide has added several chemotherapeutic agents for use by the clinician. Combination chemotherapy and radiation is of value in the neoadjuvant setting, and several studies are now underway to determine whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is of similar value in reducing systemic spread of disease. Finally, surgical resection of pulmonary metastases has been proven of value in 20% to 25% of patients who subsequently develop metastatic disease. As a result of these advances in several different treatment disciplines, the overall survival rate and quality of life of patients with soft tissue sarcoma have improved markedly over the past 10 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Progress in the recognition and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. 240 92


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