Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twigs-dry leaves smoke condensate (TDS), as a source of clastogenic ROS and carcinogenic PAH, was investigated for its in vitro DNA-damaging effect in calf thymus DNA and human peripheral lymphocytes. An aqueous turmeric component--Aq.T--with an established antioxidant activity, was tested as a DNA protectant. TDS induced 13-fold damage to calf thymus DNA as judged by the emergence of a DNA damage specific, fluorescent product (em: 405 nm). Aq.T at 800 ng/microL extended 69% protection to calf thymus DNA and was comparable to the other protectants such as curcumin, BHA, vitamin E, SOD, and CAT. In human peripheral lymphocytes, TDS induced extensive DNA damage in comparison with the tumor promoter TPA, as judged by FADU. Aq.T at 300 ng/microL extended 90% protection to human lymphocyte DNA against TDS-induced damage, and was more effective than the other protectants--DABCO, D-mannitol, sodium benzoate, vitamin E (ROS quenchers), SOD, CAT (antioxidant enzymes), tannic acid, flufenamic acid, BHA, BHT, n-PG, curcumin and quercetin (antioxidants). Aq.T offered 65% protection to human lymphocyte DNA against TPA-induced damage and was comparable to SOD. The above results indicate that TDS induces substantial DNA damage in calf thymus DNA and human lymphocytes and Aq.T is an efficient protectant.
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PMID:DNA damage by smoke: protection by turmeric and other inhibitors of ROS. 193 45

A case of a tumor of the urinary tract discovered after renal trauma is reported. The clinical and radiolocal observations are presented as well as the interest of this case in forensic medicine. A review of the legal aspects recalls the principles of imputability in cases of cancer and trauma. While malignant tumors discovered after renal trauma are often renal cancers, urinary tract tumors can also be revealed after renal trauma. This unfrequent circumstance of discovery underlines the importance of control urography in cases of renal trauma, of history taking (smoking), and of the requirement for follow-up investigations if intra-luminal urographic abnormalities persist without damage to the renal parenchyma on the CAT scan.
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PMID:[Tumor of the urinary tract discovered after renal trauma. Medico-legal implications of a case]. 194 Apr 29

Antiandrogens are compounds able to block the effect of androgens directly on their target cells by inhibiting their binding to the androgen receptor (AR). Two chemical classes of antiandrogens are presently on the market or in clinical trials: steroids (cyproterone, megestrol acetates), and nonsteroids (flutamide, nilutamide). Steroid antiandrogens interact not only with AR but also with progestin and glucocorticoid receptors and thus give rise to progestin and glucocorticoid effects. By contrast, nonsteroid antiandrogens interact only with AR and are thus devoid of other hormonal or antihormonal activities. Nilutamide does not need to be transformed into an active metabolite, unlike flutamide, and interacts with dog, rat, and human prostate AR in vitro. Its kinetics lead to a prolonged interaction with AR in vivo after administration to rats. In prostate cancer treatment, it is necessary to combine an antiandrogen to surgical or chemical (estrogens, LH-RH agonists) castration to obtain a complete suppression of androgens. The antiandrogen will block specifically, at the target site, the trophic effect of adrenal androgens left intact by castration, and the secretion of which can only be suppressed by treatments (adrenalectomy, aminoglutethimide, ketoconazole) that also suppress corticoid synthesis. We have shown that nilutamide counteracts the trophic effect, on the prostate of castrated rats, of adrenal androgens administered continuously (minipumps) at circulating levels similar to those recorded in castrated men. Nilutamide will also impede the flare-up effect of the testosterone increase induced by LH-RH agonists at the beginning of treatment. We have shown in the rat treated with buserelin that the increase in prostate weight observed during the initial days of treatment by the LH-RH agonist can be inhibited by a combined treatment with nilutamide. This combined treatment "nilutamide plus castration" has been tested in an experimental androgen-dependent cancer model, the Shionogi tumor. The administration of nilutamide to mice, castrated twenty-four hours before the inoculation of tumor cells, delayed the appearance of tumors and reduced their number. Finally, the absence of androgen effect and the antiandrogen activity of the product were also demonstrated in human tumor cells in culture (T-47 D cells) transfected with the MMTV androgen-dependent promoter coupled with the CAT reporter gene.
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PMID:Pharmacology of antiandrogens and value of combining androgen suppression with antiandrogen therapy. 199 2

The authors present the clinical history of a patient who underwent the first regional pancreatectomy performed in Panama. The patient had been operated on one year before and the tumor in the head of the pancreas had been considered unresectable at that time because it had invaded the portal vein. Since the patient was in excellent health and her diabetes and hypertension (diagnosed ten years before) were well controlled, the size of the tumor, as demonstrated in CAT scans, had not changed in one year and the biopsy of the tumor had characterized it as of neuroectodermic origin without regional lymph node involvement, it was decided to perform a regional pancreatectomy. The authors describe the different stages of the resection of the tumor and the anatomical reconstruction. They point out the recommendations of different schools of thought about the operation and report on the excellent results obtained in this patient.
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PMID:[Regional pancreatectomy in tumors invading the portal vein]. 202 50

The molecular genetics of human endometrial carcinoma have yet to be defined to any significant extent. Cell lines from 11 endometrial carcinomas were examined for alterations in proto-oncogenes that might predictably be present, based on existing data from the better-characterized human carcinomas of the uterine cervix, ovary, and breast. Codons 12, 13, and 61 of the Ha-ras, Ki-ras, and N-ras genes were examined for possible point mutations, and the c-erbB2/neu, c-myc, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes were examined for amplification or overexpression. Ras mutations were found in seven of 11 (64%) tumors, including three in codon 61 of Ha-ras (CAG----CAT) and four in codon 12 of Ki-ras (GGT----GAT in two and GGT----GTT in two). No evidence was found for amplification or overexpression of the c-erbB2 or EGFR genes in any tumor. One tumor contained amplified c-myc sequences and exhibited relative overexpression of c-myc. These data suggest that the amplification or overexpression of several proto-oncogenes frequently observed in other human gynecologic and breast tumors are not prevalent in endometrial carcinoma and that ras gene mutations are relatively common in this tumor type.
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PMID:Analysis of oncogene alterations in human endometrial carcinoma: prevalence of ras mutations. 206 24

In a 40 year old male, retroperitoneal effusion occurred on the 4th day after nucleotomy. CAT scan revealed a large tumor, apparently deriving from the operated disc, bulging against ureter and later obstructing the iliac vein with consecutive deep vein thrombosis. Under close monitoring, management was conservative, including intravenous anticoagulation. Follow-up after 6 months showed complete restoration. Literature on complications of lumbar disc surgery is discussed. The presented case draws attention to the phenomenon that retroperitoneal complications may occur not only peracutely or as late complications, but also subacutely presenting with a symptom-free interval of some days.
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PMID:[Retroperitoneal hygroma following nucleotomy with temporary obstruction of the ureter and common iliac vein and consequent deep venous thrombosis]. 214 34

Pancreatic endocrine tumors are uncommon; of this type of tumors, the Verner-Morrison's syndrome, WDHA or vipoma is diagnosed very rarely. The present paper is a report of a pancreatic vipoma in a 60 year-old female; she presented with watery diarrhea, facial flushing, hypokalemia, hypochlorhydria, metabolic acidosis and reversible renal failure; these are the usual manifestations of the syndrome. The diagnosis was made on the basis of radiological imaging, CAT and arteriography as well as the finding or elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The surgical resection of the tumor was followed by the remission of the symptoms and normalization of the plasmatic levels of VIP. It is necessary to recognize this type of tumors because the only way to achieve a curative surgical resection is after an early diagnosis.
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PMID:[Vipoma of the pancreas. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. 216 11

Since 1987, 24 patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stage T1-3 N0-2 M0, have undergone lymph node dissection and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) to the primary with 10-20 Gy. Patient selection criteria were nonresectability based on severe cardiorespiratory impairment, no radiological evidence of distant metastases and a Karnofsky performance status of greater than 80. In 18 patients the IORT procedure was followed by an external beam radiation series (EBR) including the tumor with 46 Gy and the regional lymph nodes with 46/56 Gy. The tumor response was assessed by CAT-scan volumetry before the institution of IORT, 4 weeks later, before the onset of EBR, 8 weeks after the combined treatment course and on a 3 months basis thereafter. Prospectively, MRI of the thorax with/without Gadolinium-DTPA was performed to examine contrast enhancement and signal behavior of the tumor, in an attempt to differentiate residual disease compared to therapy-related collateral damage. So far, 18 patients have completed the combined treatment course with a median follow-up of 11 months (range 4.5 to 25 months). The overall local response rate (CR and PR) was 88.2%. In detail, 11 complete responses, 6 partial responses and one minimal response were observed. The overall and recurrence-free survival at 25 months was 49.6% and 83.3%, respectively.
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PMID:Intraoperative plus external beam irradiation in nonresectable lung cancer: assessment of local response and therapy-related side effects. 217 42

New diagnostic tools and alternatives such as CAT-scan, NMRI, discography, functional X-rays, infiltrations and immobilization tests have made spinal instability a more rational diagnosis than it was only a few years ago. Neurological deficit, radicular pain and pseudo-radicular pain may only be an expression of instability and are best treated by stabilizing operations. Laminectomy has few indications and is not a logical procedure, especially if used as decompression of the dural sac in tumor involvement of the spine, which usually comes from the front (vertebral body). Therefore, anterior surgery is indicated rather than so-called posterior decompression. In accordance with osteosynthesis techniques of limb disorders, high stability can be achieved through special implants, on the basis of a better understanding of the biomechanics of implants and the healthy and impaired spine. Short fusion and fixation have therefore become a principle which is the standard of reference for present and future spinal surgery. The spectrum of indications for spinal surgery has vastly increased in the last few years, though exact diagnosis is mandatory for optimal treatment.
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PMID:[Stabilization surgery of the spine]. 218 43

Aristolochic acid I (AAI), a nitrophenanthrene derivative, is the major component of the carcinogenic plant extract aristolochic acid, which has been used as a medicine since antiquity. Long term oral administration of AAI to male Wistar rats induces multiple tumors, mainly in the forestomach, ear duct, and small intestine. The presence of activated transforming genes was investigated in various tumors of 18 AAI treated rats, namely in 14 squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach, 7 squamous cell carcinomas of the ear duct, 8 tumors of the small intestine, 3 tumors of the pancreas, 1 adenocarcinoma of the kidney, 1 lymphoma, and 2 metastases in the lung and the pancreas. By utilizing the tumorigenicity assay and Southern blot analysis, we have detected an activated c-Ha-ras gene in the DNAs of 5 of 5 squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach. Direct sequencing of amplified material revealed an AT----TA transversion mutation at the second position of codon 61 of the c-Ha-ras gene (CAA to CTA) in all transfectants as well as in the 5 original rat tumors. Enzymatic amplification of ras sequences followed by selective oligonucleotide hybridization detected identical mutations in 93% (13 of 14) of forestomach tumors, in 100% (7 of 7) of ear duct tumors, and in the lung metastasis. Among those tumors tested, we had 4 cases in which the forestomach tumors and the ear duct tumors originated from the same rat, showing the same mutation in both tissues. Moreover, similar mutations were demonstrated at c-Ki-ras codon 61 in 1 of 7 ear duct tumors (CAA to CAT) and in 1 of 8 tumors of the small intestine (CAA to CTA) as well as at c-N-ras 61 (CAA to CTA) in a pancreatic metastasis. Additional transfection experiments of some tumors scoring negative for ras gene mutations in dot blot analyses revealed a CAA to CTA transversion at codon 61 of the c-Ha-ras gene in 1 forestomach tumor as well as at codon 61 of the c-N-ras in 1 hyperplasia of the pancreas and in 1 lymphoma. The apparent selectivity for mutations at adenine residues in AAI induced tumors is consistent with the identification of an N6-deoxyadenosine-AAI adduct formed by reaction of AAI with DNA in vitro, suggesting that carcinogen-deoxyadenosine adducts are the critical lesions in the tumor initiation by aristolochic acid.
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PMID:Aristolochic acid activates ras genes in rat tumors at deoxyadenosine residues. 220 37


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