Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Approximately 3% of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases present with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. By 6 to 8 years after human immunodeficiency virus infection, lymphoma risk is elevated 100-fold, and the risk approaches 1% per year following acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosis. The proportions presenting as lymphoma differ by age, sex, and race, with relative rates being higher in older persons, males, and whites. The differences are similar in magnitude and direction to those seen in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons and account for the variation by risk group. The relative risk of high-grade lymphoma is greatest, but significant increases are also seen for some intermediate-grade tumors. At diagnosis, persons with Burkitt's lymphoma, more common in children, have significantly higher average CD4 counts than those with immunoblastic tumors. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lymphoma risk is probably related to dysregulation of the immune system leading to uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cell clones and subsequent genetic accidents. Environmental factors are unlikely to be important. By 1994, 10% of all lymphomas will be human immunodeficiency virus related, but this proportion will increase in the future. New approaches to the therapy of lymphoma are needed for this tumor, which we can neither prevent nor adequately treat.
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PMID:The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphomas. 145 3

Phenotype of lymphocytes was estimated in 16 peritoneal fluids obtained from 9 ovarian cancer patients. Peritoneal fluids contained predominantly T cells (more than 80%) while B cell content was relatively low. Approximately 50% lymphocytes carried T-helper cell marker (CD4). Percentage of T-cytotoxic/suppressor cells (CD8+ cells) differed between patients with progression and those showing no tumor progression (19.0 +/- 7.5 vs 32.7 +/- 18.5). CD4/CD8 ratio was higher in the group of patients with progression than in the group with no progression of the tumor (3.4 +/- 2.1 and 2.0 +/- 1.5). Chemotherapy did not affect the parameters. Estimation of CD8 and CD4/CD8 ratio in peritoneal fluid cells could be helpful in monitoring of disease progression.
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PMID:Phenotype of lymphocyte in ovarian tumor peritoneal fluid. A preliminary study. 147 26

A large gastric lymphoma was detected in a 42-year-old woman who was seropositive for HTLV-I. The tumor was histologically shown to be of diffuse large cell type, and phenotypic analysis revealed high expression of CD3 and CD4, indicative of a helper/inducer type of T-cell lymphoma. In Southern blot analyses, the tumor cells showed T-cell receptor re-arrangement and contained proviral DNA of HTLV-1.
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PMID:HTLV-I associated gastric lymphoma. 147 85

Immunophenotyping was conducted in 14 patients with malignant lymphoma of the skin using 4 monoclonal antibodies against CD4, 4, 8 and HLA (Ia--like) antigens. OKT4+ cells were detected in all the patients and OKT3+ cells in five of them. The expression of Ia-like antigen was noted in all patients with varying duration of the tumor process, in some of them Ia-like antigen prevailed that evidenced T-cell activation at all the stages of the tumor process in T-lymphomas of the skin. The highest expression of Ia-like antigen was recorded at the erythrodermal stage of granulomatosis of OKT4+ and OKT3+ phenotypes. Less pronounced expression of epidermal Ia-like tumor cells may be an evidence of a more benign course of the process.
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PMID:[Significance of Ia-like antigen expression in malignant lymphoma of the skin]. 147 22

The effect of solid-phase anti-CD3 antibody activation and cryopreservation was evaluated on thirteen samples of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) derived from epithelial ovarian cancer. Seven preparations of TILs were cultured with or without solid-phase anti-CD3 antibody in addition to 100 units/ml of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). The proliferation rate of all of the seven TIL preparations stimulated by anti-CD3 antibody on the fourth or fifth day of culture was 3.4 to 9.8 times greater than that of lymphocytes cultured with rIL-2 alone. Furthermore, in an experiment with five TIL samples activated with anti-CD3 antibody, three of them showed augmented cytotoxic activity against autologous fresh tumor cells. The population of CD3+/CD8+ TILs was increased after 4-5 weeks of cultivation and CD8+ lymphocytes amounted to over 70% in all of seven preparations tested, whereas two of seven preparations not activated by anti-CD3 antibody were CD3+/CD4(+)-dominant. In addition, nine preparations of TILs cultured with rIL-2 were cryopreserved for several weeks; after recovery from cryopreservation, no major change was observed in cell surface markers, in growth rate or in cytotoxic activity. These results suggest that cryopreserved and/or anti-CD3 antibody-activated lymphocytes could conveniently be employed in a clinical trial of adoptive immunotherapy employing TIL.
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PMID:Solid-phase anti-CD3 antibody activation and cryopreservation of human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from epithelial ovarian cancer. 148 50

The phenotypic characteristics of freshly isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) obtained from human liver tumors were analyzed by two-color flow cytometry. TIL consisted of mainly CD3+ T-lymphocytes (70-80%). The ratio of CD4/CD8 in TIL from primary and metastatic liver tumors and autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (A-PBL) was 1.3, 1.1 and 1.3, respectively. The majority of CD3+ T-lymphocytes (mean +/- SD; 95 +/- 11%) expressed T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha/beta, and gamma/delta TCR positive T-cells were only 5 +/- 4.5% in TIL from both primary and metastatic liver tumors. TIL showed significantly higher percentages of transient activation markers, such as CD25 (Tac) and HLA-DR, than A-PBL. TIL also contained significantly more populations of CD3+ CD45RO+ T-lymphocytes, which are considered to be expressed on primed (memory) T-lymphocytes, than A-PBL. Furthermore, TIL from primary liver tumors demonstrated significantly higher percentages of CD3+ CD45RO+ T-cells than those from metastatic liver tumors. These data indicate that TIL from human liver tumors are an apparently distinct population from A-PBL, and that local immune responses against human primary and metastatic liver tumors might be different. Moreover, TIL from primary liver tumors consisted of mainly activated or primed (memory) T-cells, suggesting that they were sensitized and activated by autologous tumor cells in vivo. These observations may imply the possibility of adoptive immunotherapy using TIL against human primary liver tumors.
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PMID:Memory T-lymphocytes are the main population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes obtained from human primary liver tumors. 148 53

Bacterial encoded superantigens (SA) are capable of activating and targeting cytolytic human and mouse T lymphocytes (CTL) to lyse major histocompatibility complex class II positive (MHC class II+) target cells. In this study both in vitro and in vivo activated rat CTL were directed against MHC II+ tumor targets by bacterial encoded SA. Polyclonal in vitro activation of rat peripheral blood T lymphocytes generated CTL capable of killing MHC class II+ human BSM cells coated by staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) -A, -E, -D, and TSST-1 but not by SEB or SEC1-3. Allo selective peritoneal CTL generated by intraperitoneal stimulation with allogeneic spleen cells were directed against BSM cells by SEA, -D, and -E but not by SEB, SEC1-3 or TSST-1. Based on the above observations, and in order to locally activate CTL, SEA was chosen for in vivo priming of rats by intraperitoneal inoculation of the toxin. SEA injection generated highly cytolytic CTL, and maximum cytolytic responses were seen at 50-250 micrograms SEA per animal with a peak in response 48-72 hours after injection of the toxin. The cytolytic activity of peritoneal SEA reactive effector cells was confined to the TCR alpha beta+ CD4- CD8+ CD45RC- cell population. MHC class II- colon carcinoma cells were insensitive to lysis by SEA reactive CTL but colon carcinoma cells induced to express MHC class II by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment were efficiently lysed in the presence of SEA. Comparison of rat and human MHC II+ colon carcinomas revealed a peak in sensitivity to lysis at 10-100 ng SEA/ml for both tumor targets. These findings suggest that superantigens can be used in local immunotherapy of peritoneal tumors such as ovarian and colorectal carcinomatosis, with inducible or constitutive expression of MHC class II.
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PMID:Locally superantigen-activated peritoneal cytolytic T lymphocytes belong to the CD8+ CD45RC- subset and lyse MHC class II+ tumor cells. 148 9

CD4 is the principal receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We have isolated and studied CD4-expressing tumor cell clones made by expressing CD4 in the T-cell tumor line HSB. Two clones, one designated HSBCD4, a clone expressing low levels of CD4, and the other, HSB10xCD4, a high-expresser CD4+ clone, were studied for their ability to bind and replicate HIV. In contrast to many other CD4+ cells that down-modulate CD4 following HIV infection, the HSB10xCD4 clones continued to express high levels of surface CD4 following infection with HIV. Unlike infection of HSBCD4 or many other human CD4+ cells, HIV infection of HSB10xCD4 clone was short lived: p24 antigen, provirus, or coculturable virus was present for less than 14 days following infection with several strains of HIV-1 or with HIV-2. When infection was initiated by transfection of proviral DNA, high and low CD4 expressers initially produced p24 antigen at approximately the same level. However, high CD4 expressers produced coculturable virus only during the first few days following transfection, whereas low CD4 expressers transfected with HIV continued to produce virus beyond 6 weeks. Monoclonal antibody-mediated down-modulation of CD4 surface expression on HSB10xCD4 clones permitted these formerly HIV-resistant cells to become persistently infected with HIV. Thus, high concentrations of CD4 on the surface of an HIV-infected cell prevent persistent HIV infection of CD4+ cells.
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PMID:High level of surface CD4 prevents stable human immunodeficiency virus infection of T-cell transfectants. 150 Dec 85

T-cell translocation gene 1 (Ttg-1), also called rhombotin, is deregulated upon translocation into the alpha/delta T-cell receptor loci in acute lymphoblastic leukemias bearing the t(11;14)(p15;q11). Ttg-1 encodes a nuclear protein, expressed predominantly in neuronal cells, which belongs to a novel family of transcription factors possessing LIM domains. We utilized the lck proximal promoter to overexpress this candidate oncogene in immature thymocytes of transgenic mice. lckPr Ttg-1 mice develop immature, aggressive T-cell leukemia/lymphomas. Tumor incidence is proportional to the level of Ttg-1 expression. Most tumors contain CD4+8+ cells as well as CD4-8+ cells, which have an immature rather than a mature peripheral phenotype. Ttg-1-induced tumorigenesis preferentially affects a minority population of thymocytes representing an immature CD4-8+ intermediate stage between double-negative CD4-8- cells and double-positive CD4+8+ cells. This model indicates that the aberrant expression of putative transcription factors plays a primary role in the genesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
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PMID:Thymic overexpression of Ttg-1 in transgenic mice results in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. 150 13

As unusual tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone was isolated which expressed both CD4 and CD8 molecules. The target cells for this CTL can be induced to express either class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alone (with dimethylsulfoxide) or both class I and class II MHC (with interferon-gamma). Lysis of the tumor target depends on expression of class I MHC molecules, but does not require expression of class II MHC molecules. Furthermore, the lysis of target cells expressing both class I and class II is inhibited only by antibodies to class I (Kd), and not by antibodies to class II, demonstrating that the T cell receptor is class I restricted. We have used this CTL to assess the role of the interaction between CD4 and class II MHC in the absence of a class II-restricted T cell receptor. Our data indicate that CD4-class II interaction does not contribute to recognition by T cells in the absence of binding of the T cell receptor to class II molecules.
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PMID:CD4-class II major histocompatibility complex interaction does not enhance killing by a class I-restricted CD4+CD8+ cytotoxic T cell clone. 151 33


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