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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A mouse monoclonal antibody and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the T-antigen (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha 1-O-R) were used to study the distribution of T-antigens in an experimental rat bladder cancer model. Neoplasia was induced in 28 rats by intravesical installation of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) dissolved in acetate buffer. Fifteen rats were installed with acetate buffer, and served as controls. Urothelial samples were taken from all animals, the atypia was graded and detailed data on the location of the antibody binding structures were obtained by immunohistochemical methods. In addition, Western Blots of glycoproteins and thin-layer-chromatography (TLC) immunostainings of glycolipids extracted from normal and malignant tissue were performed to characterize the molecules presenting T-antigens. Examination of the histologic distribution of T-antigens showed that both the monoclonal and the polyclonal reagents reacted with atypical cells in proportion to the grade of atypia, but showed no reaction in invasive cells. These results confirm previously obtained data on the T-antigen using peanut (arachis hypogaea) agglutinin (PNA), and support the structure identity as being the classical O-linked mucin type T-antigen. Western blots of tumor glycoproteins showed that the monoclonal and the polyclonal antibody reacted with epitopes different from that of PNA, but all the probes correlated with atypia. In addition PNA, as the only anti-T reagent, bound to glycolipid. By using well characterized and highly specific immunological reagents the present study shows that the T-antigen is a highly selective marker of urothelial atypia.
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PMID:Localization and identification of T-(Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha 1-O-R) and T-like antigens in experimental rat bladder cancer. 140 60

Three sandwich enzyme immunoassays were used to evaluate serum from 93 women: 20 normal, 20 with benign breast disease, 22 with primary and 31 with recurrent breast cancer. Using the three assays, breast cancer mucin enzyme immunoassay (BCM-EIA) carcinoma-associated mucin antigen (CAM) 26 and CAM 29, both singly and in combination, we were unable to establish meaningful cut-offs to differentiate between patients with or without breast cancer. The sensitivity and specificity for BCM-EIA were 90% and 40%, for CAM 26, 89% and 42%, and for CAM 29, 91% and 66%, respectively. Serial serum specimens from 29 patients with recurrent breast cancer were assayed. At recurrence, an increase of 25% or more in marker level over the previous value was found in 24/29 (83%) BCM results, 14/29 (48%) CAM 26 results and 12/29 (41%) CAM 29 results. Prior to clinical detection of recurrence, stepwise increases in BCM and CAM 26 marker levels were seen up to 299 days prior to clinical detection of recurrence. We conclude that these markers may help in the early detection of recurrent breast cancer.
Tumour Biol 1992
PMID:Serum markers for primary and recurrent breast cancer: BCM-EIA, CAM 26 and CAM 29. 141 Nov 39

A retrospective study was done of 47 neoplasms of the hepatic and biliary systems from 47 cats brought to The Animal Medical Center over a period of 10 years (1980 to 1989). Histologic examination of specimens taken at necropsy revealed that 87% (41/47) of the hepatic neoplasms were epithelial and 13% (6/47) were nonepithelial. Of the epithelial tumors, 25/47 (53%) were of intrahepatic bile duct origin, 9/47 (19%) were of hepatocellular origin, 5/47 (11%) involved the extrahepatic bile ducts, and 2/47 (4%) were adenocarcinomas of the gall bladder. Of the nonepithelial neoplasms, hemangiosarcomas were more common, 5/47 (11%), than leiomyosarcomas, 1/47 (2%). Multiple liver lobes were involved in 21/34 (62%) of the epithelial and all six of the nonepithelial intrahepatic neoplasms. Most of the bile duct adenocarcinomas (6/9) were predominantly characterized by acinar structures with mucin production, diffuse necrosis, and little desmoplasia. The hepatocellular carcinomas were characterized by three patterns-trabecular (five tumors), pseudoglandular pattern (two tumors), and anaplastic (one tumor). The hepatic carcinoid was characterized by various-sized groups of acinar and rosettelike structures, some with lumens, separated by thin fibrovascular stroma. The extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinomas (4/4) were acinopapillary with moderate desmosplasia, whereas the adenocarcinomas of the gall bladder had elongated tubular structures lined by anaplastic cells and a severe desmoplastic reaction. The neuroendocrine carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct, the hemangiosarcomas, and the leiomyosarcoma had morphologic features characteristic of these neoplasms. Two of the 16 (13%) bile duct adenomas had anaplastic and precancerous changes. Residual benign components were seen in 10/15 (67%) of the biliary adenocarcinomas, 4/9 (44%) of the intrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinomas, and all of the extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinomas and gall bladder adenocarcinomas. Results of immunohistochemical studies of the biliary neoplasms were similar to those described in studies of biliary neoplasms in human beings. Results of this study revealed that the frequency of different types of hepatic neoplasms in cats varied from that seen in dogs and human beings, but the morphologic features were comparable.
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PMID:A morphologic and immunocytochemical study of hepatic neoplasms in cats. 141 8

A phase I/II study of intraperitoneal (ip) radioimmunotherapy was conducted in ovarian or breast cancer patients with symptomatic chemotherapy-resistant ascites using a novel anti-mucin monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G3 labeled with 131I. Tracer doses of 2 mCi [131I]2G3 were given by ip injection to 11 patients, followed by increasing therapeutic doses up to 150 mCi (cumulative) in 9 patients. There was no serious toxicity. Temporary palliation of ascites was observed in 3 of 4 patients who received doses greater than 50 mCi. Total body elimination half-life of the radiolabeled antibody assessed by gamma scintigraphy ranged from 95 to 250 hr, longer than data previously reported in patients without ascites treated with ip administered radiolabeled antibodies. However, uptake of radiolabel by tumor nodules was small and variable (2 x 10(-4) - 2 x 10(-2) % ID/g), and preferential uptake by tumor compared to normal peritoneum was observed in only 2 of 5 patients in whom biopsies were obtained. These results suggest that the observed palliation of ascites is due to prolonged retention of radiolabeled antibody in the peritoneal cavity even in the absence of specific targeting.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal therapy of malignant ascites associated with carcinoma of ovary and breast using radioiodinated monoclonal antibody 2G3. 142 88

Progressive unilateral sensorineural deafness and tinnitus developed in a 59-year-old woman over a 1-year period. Clinical examination showed a tumor mass which almost completely filled the tympanic cavity, and grew around the auditory ossicular chain. Histological findings revealed the tumor to be a primary carcinoid of the middle ear. Neuro-endocrine differentiation was confirmed immunohistochemically by positivity for neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, pancreatic polypeptide and synaptophysin. Using electron microscopy, neuroendocrine granules could be visualized. In addition, both light and electron microscopy revealed that cells had an epithelial differentiation with mucin granules while immunohistochemistry showed a positivity for cytokeratins. The detection of intermediary filaments (immunohistochemically with vimentin and under electron microscopy) was unique to this neoplasm and has to be considered in distinguishing the carcinoid tumor from the papillary adenoma of the middle ear. Tumor prognosis is excellent with radical extirpation from the middle ear. In the case presented, there has been no evidence for either recurrence or metastases 10 months after surgical resection.
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PMID:[Carcinoid of the middle ear: a rare tumor with biphasic differentiation. Case report with special reference to immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy]. 142 31

Utilizing Tumor Registry records dating from 1935 to 1988, 50 patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma at the age of 40 years or younger were retrospectively studied with respect to sex, race, family history, delay in diagnosis, primary tumor location, tumor differentiation, mucin production, stage at presentation, and the effect of these factors on 5-year survival. This younger group of patients was compared to a computer-generated, randomly selected group of 50 patients 40 years of age or older. There was no difference with respect to sex, racial distribution, family history, symptoms at presentation, or expediency of physician diagnosis between the two groups. Younger patients waited significantly longer to seek medical attention than did their older counterparts. However, those patients who delayed presentation had no higher incidence of advanced disease than those patients who presented earlier. Younger patients had a higher incidence of poorly differentiated, advanced, right-sided tumors. This is in contrast to a predominance of well-differentiated, less advanced, rectosigmoid lesions in the older patients. There was no age-related difference in the incidence of mucin-producing tumors. Overall 5-year survival was 75% in older patients, in contrast to only 51% in younger patients (P = 0.01). We conclude in this study that it is advanced stage at presentation that is the most significant prognostic indicator in patients of all ages. The high incidence of poorly differentiated, right-sided tumors is responsible for the majority of young patients presenting with advanced disease, resulting in their poorer prognosis.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma in young patients. 143 43

Mucinous biliary cystadenomas are rare neoplasms with protean manifestations. In most cases the mucinous material is retained within the cyst itself. We describe an asymptomatic case of a mucin secreting biliary cystadenoma in which the mucin presented as an amorphous intraluminal filling defect in the common hepatic duct on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The neoplasm itself was confined to the posterior segment of the right hepatic lobe and was treated by formal right hepatic lobectomy. This case prompted a review of mucinous biliary cystadenomas.
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PMID:Mucinous biliary cystadenoma: a case report and review of the literature. 143 48

The patient was 47 year-old man with a simple intermuscular fistula-in-ano. Fistulectomy revealed that there was a small mucinous adenocarcinoma. The tumor was small and localized in the wall of the fistula and the muscular invasion was not recognized. The mucin contained a little O-acylated sainomucin, and the origin of the tumor was considered as anal gland cell. This case appears as one evidence that the cancer in fistula-in-ano originates from the anal gland cell in the fistula.
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PMID:[A case of minimal-sized adenocarcinoma in a fistula-in-ano]. 143 11

Ultrastructural examination affords conclusive evidence for classification of lung tumors. Tissue properly fixed for electron microscopy is not available in many cases, however. Ultrastructural diagnosis of resected specimens obviously follows, rather than directs, the surgical treatment. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of lung masses is recommended as a means to obtain lung tumor tissue for electron microscopy. Nevertheless, no comparison has been made between ultrastructural information gained from aspiration specimens and resected specimens. Electron microscopy was performed on transthoracic FNA specimens of 10 lung tumors for which surgical resection was subsequently performed. Glutaraldehyde-fixed specimens from FNA and surgical resection were prepared for electron microscopy according to routine procedures. Fixation of the FNA specimens was equivalent or superior to that of the resected specimens in 9 of the cases. Three of the FNA specimens contained necrotic as well as viable tissue. Features essential for diagnosis such as desmosomes, junctions, neurosecretory granules, intermediate filaments, glycogen, lipid, mucin, and microvilli were identifiable in both FNA and resected specimens. FNA specimens therefore yield a representative sample of the ultrastructural features of lung tumors when adequate cellular material is obtained. Use of a coaxial needle sampling technique with immediate microscopic assessment reduces the likelihood of retrieving only blood or necrotic tissue in the electron microscopy specimens.
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PMID:Comparative ultrastructure of needle aspiration biopsy and surgical resection specimens of lung tumors. 144 Sep 75

Pancreatic cystic epithelial neoplasms present diagnostic challenges in cytology. An accurate diagnosis is important since the prognosis and treatment may vary. We report the cytologic features in fine needle aspirates of four cases of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas (two micro-cystic adenomas, one mucinous cystic neoplasm and one mucinous cystadenocarcinoma). Smears were evaluated as to their cellularity, content and predominant cell type. Aspirates from the microcystic adenomas yielded hypocellular material with rare strips of cuboidal cells having bland nuclei and pale cytoplasm. No mucinous material was identified in the background, but the cells stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff stain. Smears from the mucinous cystic neoplasm were moderately cellular and contained abundant mucinous material. The columnar epithelial cells were arranged in tight sheets, clusters and strips. Most cells had benign nuclear features with focal mild nuclear atypia. Key cytologic findings noted in the mucinous cystadenocarcinoma were moderate cellularity, loose clusters of cells, single cells, overt malignant nuclear features and occasional signet ring cells. Pancreatic pseudocysts can be distinguished from pancreatic cystic epithelial neoplasms by the predominance of histiocytes and inflammatory cells and absence or paucity of epithelial cells. To differentiate microcystic adenomas from mucinous cystic neoplasms, the above criteria coupled with periodic acid-Schiff and mucin staining should effectively differentiate these diagnostic entities.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration of pancreatic cystic epithelial neoplasms. 144 26


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