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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and immunohistochemical features of supratentorial (5 patients) and cerebellar (1 patient) glioblastomas, in which giant cells were conspicuous were examined. Three of the patients died within 26 months after the first treatment, and the follow-up period is presently 1 year or less in the remaining patients. The giant cells either showed large and bizarre nuclei or were multinucleated. Both giant and smaller cells excluding neuronal, endothelial and infiltrative cells were positive for GFAP, vimentin, and alpha-1 anti-chymotrypsin. The strong positivity for PCNA staining indicated that the capacity of the giant cells to synthesis DNA was preserved. DNA fragmentation, measured by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (dUTP)-biotin nick end labeling method, was observed in only 1 patient, who had received radiotherapy just before biopsy, and none of the patients showed bcl-2 positivity. Mutant type of p53 tumor suppressor gene was observed in the giant cells of 3 patients. Giant cell in glioblastoma is of glial origin, synthesizes DNA, and its progression may be related to tumor suppressor gene.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of giant cell in glioblastoma. 760 97

This immunohistochemical study compares the localization of the neuronal class III beta-tubulin isotype (beta III) to that of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin in 46 cerebellar neuroblastic tumors (medulloblastomas). Both class III beta-tubulin (beta III) and PCNA/cyclin reactivities were present in all tumors, but the topographic distribution and cytomorphologic features of stained cells varied considerably between classic and desmoplastic medulloblastomas. Four neoplastic phenotypes, representing gradations of neuronal differentiation, were identified: [Allegranza 1991] apolar, blast-like PCNA/cyclin(+) cells devoid of beta III reactivity (Nb1); [Bravo et al. 1987] apolar, often binucleated and/or fusiform, PCNA/cyclin (+) cells with pronounced beta III staining in their protoperikarya and their growth cones (Nb2); [Burger et al. 1987] beta III-immunoreactive immature polar neurons with varying degrees of neuritic development, reading to significant neuritogenesis in the "pale islands" of desmoplastic medulloblastomas (Nb3). The majority of Nb3 phenotypes were PCNA/cyclin (-), although subpopulations of such polar tumor cells exhibiting PCNA staining were also identified; and [Burger et al. 1991] beta III-immunoreactive, PCNA/cyclin (-) mature ganglion-like cells (Nb4). A high PCNA/cyclin labeling index (> 80%) was obtained in 20 poorly differentiated classic medulloblastomas while, significant intratumoral staining heterogeneity was observed in 23 cases of desmoplastic medulloblastomas and 3 cases of "medulloblastomas with ganglion cells": A high labeling index (LI)(> 80%) in the reticulin-impregnated poorly differentiated areas of tumor contrasted with sharp decline of PCNA staining and a very low LI (< 10%) in areas of overt neoplastic neuritogenesis ("pale islands") displaying strong beta III reactivity. Neoplastic ganglion cells were beta III (+)/PCNA (-). Our findings indicate that the majority of differentiating neuronal phenotypes undergoing cytomorphological changes of neuritic development (Nb3), and all neoplastic ganglion cells (Nb4 phenotypes) are PCNA (-), in contrast to actively proliferating, poorly differentiated, tumor cells that are PCNA (+). Although PCNA staining corresponded in part, to beta III (-) blast-like elements (Nb1), a co-expressive pattern of staining for beta III and PCNA/cyclin also was observed in subpopulations of poorly differentiated tumor cells (Nb2), indicating that transformed neuroblasts are capable of expressing differentiation-associated neuronal cytoskeletal proteins while still remaining in the proliferative compartment of the cell cycle. Our observations suggest that only neuritogenesis and acquisition of ganglionic phenotype are significant maturational events in medulloblastomas (indicating entry into the quiescent phase of the cell cycle) and provide further support for the neuronal lineage and differentiation potential of these cerebellar embryonal tumors.
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PMID:A cytomorphological scheme of differentiating neuronal phenotypes in cerebellar medulloblastomas based on immunolocalization of class III beta-tubulin isotype (beta III) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin. 760

Proliferative rate is an important prognostic marker in breast carcinoma. However, the best measurement method has not been established. This study evaluated mitotic figure counts (MFC) as mitoses per 10 high power fields (HPF) and per 1,000 cells, S-phase fraction by flow cytometry, and Ki-67, MIB-1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positivity by immunohistochemistry in 135 breast carcinomas. There was strong correlation between the two MFC methods and significant correlation between MIB-1 positivity and all proliferation markers except Ki-67. S-phase fraction showed significant correlation with all proliferation markers except PCNA. Ki-67 positivity correlated only with S-phase fraction, and PCNA positivity only with MIB-1 and mitoses per 10 HPF. High MFC was associated with other prognostic factors: high histologic tumor grade, absence of biochemical and immunohistochemical hormone receptors, and DNA aneuploidy, but not lymph node involvement or tumor size. MIB-1 positivity was also associated with these parameters, except lymph node involvement, tumor size, and DNA aneuploidy. Mitotic figure count and MIB-1 positivity were associated strongly with disease-free survival, up to 46 months. The other proliferation markers were associated with fewer prognostic factors and showed weak or absent association with disease-free survival. The best proliferation markers are mitotic figure counting (either method) or MIB-1 positivity.
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PMID:Proliferation markers in breast carcinoma. Mitotic figure count, S-phase fraction, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67 and MIB-1. 761 Nov 79

S-100 protein (S-100) appears to be a marker for bone tumors of cartilaginous origin. Any analyses of proliferative activity in S-100-positive tumor cells, however, has not yet been presented. This study assessed the proliferative activity of those cells by means of a double-immunohistochemical staining method using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and S-100. The most intense reactivity for S-100 was found in the well-differentiated chondrocytes of enchondromas, osteochondromas, and osteosarcomas. On the contrary, the more immature the tumor cells were, the more intensely positive they were for PCNA. In parosteal chondrosarcoma, exceptionally, PCNA-positive as well as S-100-positive cells were abundant, suggesting that these proliferating cells produced S-100. In periosteal osteosarcoma, however, the proliferating cells labeled by PCNA revealed little reactivity for S-100. This immunohistochemical method is potentially useful to know the identity and origin of proliferating cells and may sometimes be diagnostic for bone tumors containing cartilaginous elements.
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PMID:The identity of proliferating cells in bone tumors with cartilaginous components: evaluation by double-immunohistochemical staining using proliferating cell nuclear antigen and S-100 protein. 761 54

A series of 8 rat and 16 mouse invasive bladder carcinomas were investigated for the presence of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) to clarify whether this parameter is applicable to the estimation of their invasive character. With regard to number of AgNORs per cell, neither rat nor mouse carcinomas showed any difference between invasive and noninvasive sites within the same tumor. However, the frequency of cancer cells bearing bizarre dots, irregular in size and shape, was significantly higher at sites of actual invasion. Quantitative data generated using an image analyzer revealed significantly lower values for NOR roundness and significantly larger NOR size in invasive sites than in noninvasive sites in all groups. Double staining for the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and AgNORs was performed on eight rat carcinomas and a close correlation between the two was confirmed. Thus the number of AgNORs in PCNA-positive cells was significantly greater than in PCNA-negative cells. Furthermore, a particularly strong correlation was observed for incidences of PCNA-positive cells and bizarre dots (P < 0.01). The quantitative data also demonstrated significant differences in size and shape of dots. It is concluded that AgNORs have diagnostic value for the invasive character of bladder carcinomas.
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PMID:Validation of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions for evaluation of invasive character of urinary bladder carcinoma in rats and mice. 761 32

The authors examined the biological characteristics of a neuroblastoma with spontaneous tumor reduction. A 6-month-old boy with a pelvic neuroblastoma underwent surgical extirpation of the tumor 1 month after diagnosis. The size of the tumor reduced spontaneously while he was awaiting operation. The low proliferative activity of the tumor cells and the presence of apoptosis in the tumor tissue were shown by an immunohistochemical method using anti-PCNA antibody and a DNA fragmentation analysis, respectively. These results suggest that the spontaneous tumor reduction seen in this patient may well be caused by the overwhelming apoptosis of tumor cells.
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PMID:Biological characteristics of neuroblastoma with spontaneous tumor reduction: a case report. 762 38

The relationship between tumor doubling time, estimated by serial computed tomography (CT), and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining index of the tumor specimen was analyzed in 12 patients with nine partially or subtotally resected meningiomas and three meningiomas which recurred after gross total removal. There were nine meningothelial and three fibrous meningiomas. Malignant meningiomas and hemangiopericytomas were excluded. Serial CT was performed at various intervals ranging from 354 to 2007 days. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues were immunohistochemically stained using the avidin-biotin complex method with monoclonal antibody against PCNA. Percentages of PCNA-positive cells were calculated in 10 microscopic fields to determine the mean PCNA staining index. PCNA staining indexes varied from 0.13% to 7.46%. The tumor doubling time ranged from 197 to 7943 days and demonstrated a significant inverse rank correlation with the PCNA staining index (r = -0.89, p = 0.003). Meningiomas with PCNA staining indexes higher than 1% have comparatively short tumor doubling times of less than 5 years. PCNA immunostaining is a useful method for evaluating the proliferative activity of meningiomas.
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PMID:Growth rate of intracranial meningioma: tumor doubling time and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining index. 762 49

Chondroid lipoma was recently described as a unique, benign, pseudosarcomatous lipomatous tumor with chondroid features, often simulating liposarcoma and myxoid chondrosarcoma. An extended histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of 13 cases, including the proliferation markers, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67, as well as ultrastructural studies of eight cases were performed with the intent of further elucidating its differentiation. Staining with toluidine blue and alcian blue at controlled pHs indicated the presence of chondroitin sulfates within the myxohyaline matrix. Immunohistochemically, all tumors were positive for vimentin and S100 protein. Focal immunoreactivity for cytokeratins was seen in 3 of 13 cases; one of these also had intracytoplasmic tonofilament bundles ultrastructurally. Scattered tumor cells stained for CD68 antigen with KP1 in 6 of 13 cases. None of the tumors stained for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) or alpha-smooth muscle actin. Collagen IV immunostains showed a network of fibrils encircling individual tumor cells in 10 of 13 cases. Intracytoplasmic staining for laminin was found in 9 of 13 cases. Ultrastructurally there was a spectrum of differentiation, ranging from primitive cells sharing features of prelipoblasts and chondroblasts, to lipoblasts and preadipocytes, to mature adipocytes. A striking ultrastructural feature in 5 of 8 cases was the presence of knob-like protrusions of the cell membrane, which contained granular, amorphous, and fibrillar material that appeared to be extruded into the adjacent matrix. The myxohyaline matrix had ultrastructural features of cartilage. Numerous mitochondria and lysosomes were absent, indicating that chondroid lipoma is neither a hibernomatous lesion nor a lipogranuloma. Ki67 immunoreactivity was typically very low and detected only in the more primitive cell population. The findings in this analysis indicate that chondroid lipoma is a pseudosarcomatous lipogenic neoplasm with a unique cell population possessing predominantly features of embryonal fat and, to a lesser extent, embryonal cartilage.
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PMID:Chondroid lipoma: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis with further observations regarding its differentiation. 944 42

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between the distribution of potentially proliferative tumor cells and the organoid differentiation of tumor cells in gastric carcinomas. One hundred four specimens of surgically removed human gastric carcinomas, including 68 and 36 specimens of early and advanced carcinomas, respectively, were studied by using a battery of histochemical techniques. Serial 3-microns thick paraffin sections were stained by galactose oxidase-cold thionine Schiff-paradoxical concanavalin A staining (GOCTS-PCS), or were immunostained for pepsinogen types I and II, lysozyme, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In addition, to identify proliferative tumor cells parts of fresh carcinoma tissues were incubated in a solution containing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), embedded in paraffin, and immunostained for BrdU. The results indicated that in intramucosal carcinoma tissues showing organoid differentiation the proliferative tumor cells were located predominantly between the covering epithelial cell type tumor cells and the glandular mucous cell type tumor cells, and the disturbance in the distribution of proliferative cells coincided with the submucosal invasion.
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PMID:Proliferative markers in gastric carcinoma and organoid differentiation. 762 43

Researchers have previously demonstrated that organotypic cultures of cervical tumor cell lines exhibit morphological characteristics similar to the in vivo biopsies from which they were derived (Rader et al., 1990). Both the in vivo biopsy and organotypic culture appeared undifferentiated. We have extended these studies with immunohistochemical analysis using the proliferation and differentiation markers, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and involucrin, respectively, to evaluate in more detail the ability of cervical tumor cell lines to differentiate in organotypic culture. An HPV-immortalized keratinocyte cell line, PE-4, expressed PCNA in the lower half and involucrin in the upper half of the organotypic culture which is consistent with the characteristics of a preneoplastic lesion in vivo. The CC-1 cell line, derived from an invasive squamous cell carcinoma, appeared undifferentiated, but expressed involucrin in the upper half of the organotypic culture. This is the first observation of expression of a differentiation marker in an organotypic culture of a cervical tumor cell line. The other cervical tumor cell lines, SiHa and HeLa, derived from a squamous cell carcinoma, and an adenocarcinoma of the cervix, respectively, did not express detectable levels of involucrin or mucin. All three cervical tumor cell lines, CC-1, SiHa and HeLa, expressed PCNA throughout their entire thickness. The majority of nuclei in SiHa and HeLa cultures were PCNA-positive, while the CC-1 cell line exhibited a lower growth fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of proliferation and differentiation in organotypic cultures of cervical tumor cell lines. 764 7


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