Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

29 patients with diffuse liver disease were examined by ultrasound, CT and MRI. MRI imaging was performed using T1-and t2-weighted spin-echo-sequences and fast gradient-echo-sequences. The paramagnetic contrast agent Gd-DTPA was applied intravenously (0.1 mmol/kg). In all patients with hepatitis MRI enabled exact liver biopsy by delineation of inflammatory changes in cases of chronic or focal hepatitis. CT and ultrasound were superior to MRI in the detection of focal or diffuse fatty degeneration. However, MRI enabled an exact differentiation of fatty changes from neoplasm. In cases of fibrotic changes the most accurate findings could be shown by MRI. In patients suffering from hemochromatosis MRI supplied additional information compared to CT and ultrasound revealing significant reduction of signal intensity due to reinforced enhancement of iron. Concerning Wilson's disease MRI showed a characteristic pattern of parenchymal changes. The application of Gd-DTPA in cases of diffuse liver disease adds supplementary information about perfusion of liver parenchyma, but its value for diagnostic accuracy is only secondary.
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PMID:[Diffuse liver parenchymal diseases: the value of MRI compared to sonography and CT]. 185 38

We treated three cases of inflammatory granulomas extending from the sphenoid sinus to the cavernous sinus. Case 1 was that of a 36-year-old male with diplopia and right ptosis. Case 2 was that of a 40-year-old male with frontal headache. Case 3 was that of a 70-year-old female with left impaired vision and frontal headache. In the first case, MRI demonstrated a mass lesion extending from the right half of the sphenoid sinus to the cavernous sinus and retropharyngeal space. In the second case the granuloma extended from the right cavernous sinus to the right retroorbital space. In the last case, MRI demonstrated diffuse Gd-DTPA enhancement of the left cavernous sinus and the left half of the sphenoid sinus. In all cases an operation was performed using the sublabial rhinoseptal approach, and the tumor in the sphenoid sinus was removed. Histological examination revealed an inflammatory granuloma in all 3 cases. In the first case the clinical symptoms improved following administration of glucocorticoids. In the second case the mass in the cavernous sinus decreased in size postoperatively. In the last case, the clinical symptoms gradually improved with administration of antibiotics after surgery. Granuloma of the cavernous sinus is difficult to diagnose, but when a similar pathological lesion coexists in the sphenoid sinus, a definitive diagnosis can be easily made via the sublabial rhinoseptal approach.
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PMID:[Inflammatory granulomas extending from the sphenoid sinus to the cavernous sinus: report of three cases]. 185 56

Biodistribution of five different backbone-substituted derivatives of SCN-Bz-DTPA (1B4M-DTPA, 1M3B-DTPA, 1B3M-DTPA, GEM-DTPA and 2B-DTPA) linked to MAb B72.3 were compared to that of the parent molecule after labeling with 111indium. Athymic mice, bearing human colon carcinoma xenografts (LS-174T) were injected i.v. to determine the biodistribution of the MAb chelate conjugates. Three of the MAb metal chelate conjugates (1B4M-DTPA, 1M3B-DTPA, and 1B3M-DTPA), labeled with 111In showed efficient and stable tumor localization as well as a slower blood clearance rate than SCN-Bz-DTPA, GEM-DTPA or 2B-DTPA MAb chelate conjugates. Major differences were also seen in normal organ uptake, especially liver and spleen. Tumor-to-liver ratios rose as a function of time for 1B4M-DTPA, 1M3B-DTPA and 1B3M-DTPA MAb chelate conjugates with virtually no accumulation of the radiometal into this organ, as revealed by no increase in the liver-to-blood values. Small accretion in normal liver was noted for SCN-Bz-DTPA, GEM-DTPA or 2B-DTPA MAb chelate conjugates. The results reviewed here, and described previously (Roselli et al., 1991) demonstrate that the use in vivo of backbone-substituted forms of the SCN-Bz-DTPA, such as 1B4M-DTPA, 1M3B-DTPA, and 1B3M-DTPA bound to MAbs, can reduce uptake of indium to normal organs while maximizing the dose to tumor.
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PMID:Comparative biodistribution studies of DTPA-derivative bifunctional chelates for radiometal labeled monoclonal antibodies. 186 27

Gadolinium-DTPA has been shown to be a good probe for demonstrating defects in the blood-brain barrier, but it has a rapid rate of elimination so that peak circulating levels are short-lived. In this study ultrafast echo-planar imaging has been used in combination with a bolus injection of gadolinium-DTPA to evaluate perfusion within brain tumors and to assess the degree of disruption of the blood-brain barrier. The temporal profile of enhancement may allow discrimination between different tumor types.
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PMID:Dynamic imaging of contrast enhancement in brain tumors. 188 18

This study was performed to investigate whether intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA can improve the accuracy of MR imaging in the detection and staging of bladder neoplasms. In 68 patients with suspected urinary bladder neoplasms, MR examinations were performed with T1-weighted SE sequences before and after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. The findings were compared with surgical staging using the TNM classification. Overall staging accuracy of contrast enhanced MR was 46%; if stages Ta-T3a were combined into one group, the accuracy was 69%. Accuracy was low (19%) in tumors without muscular bladder wall invasion (Ta). In cases with extravesical spread (greater than or equal to T3b), the accuracy of staging was 87%. Contrast enhanced MR detected extravesical extension of tumor with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 95%. Contrast enhancement increased the sensitivity for detection of urinary bladder neoplasms from 70% on precontrast T1-weighted scans to 79% on postcontrast scans. In comparison with T2-weighted scans, the Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted scans had better image quality and lower acquisition times.
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PMID:Staging of urinary bladder neoplasms with MR imaging: is Gd-DTPA helpful? 188 95

High-field MRI was performed in a series of 24 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, oro- and hypopharynx. The value of contrast enhanced T1-weighted images in tumor staging was established prospectively. Non-contrast T1-weighted images did not provide sufficient tumor-delineation. Marked contrast enhancement produced by Gd-DTPA was observed in all carcinomas and in normal pharyngeal mucosa. In tumors of the tongue and upper pharynx clinical examination and ultrasound were equally sensitive as post-contrast MRI; in tumors of the lower pharynx the true tumor extension could be better assessed by contrast-enhanced MRI.
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PMID:MR-imaging with Gd-DTPA in carcinomas of tongue, oro- and hypopharynx. 188 25

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of SPECT imaging of the thorax with 99mTc-DTPA, which accumulates at sites of increased capillary permeability and expanded extracellular space, by comparing it with delayed 123I-IMP lung scintigraphy. We have previously reported that increased uptake on delayed 123I-IMP lung scintigraphy was associated with atelectasis and inflammation. Thirteen patients with lung cancer (4 with atelectasis and 3 with pleurisy), one patient with malignant lymphoma complicated by pneumonia and pleurisy, and one patient with pneumonia were studied. 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy was performed twice, 20-160 minutes and 2-4 hours after the intravenous administration of 370 MBq of 99mTc-DTPA. 123I-IMP scintigraphy was performed 24 hours after the intravenous injection of 111 MBq of 123I-IMP. SPECT images were obtained with both types of scintigraphy. 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy was compared with 123I-IMP scintigraphy for its ability to detect atelectasis and pneumonia. All patients showed increased accumulation corresponding to the lesions on both 123I-IMP and 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy. 123I-IMP scintigraphy showed a defect corresponding to the tumor with increased accumulation around the tumor, whereas 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy showed accumulation corresponding to the tumor. Ten of 11 tumors showed accumulation of an intensity equal to that of the soft tissue of the chest wall on 20-60 min 99mTc-DTPA images. The 2-4 hr images showed that 99mTc-DTPA leaked from the periphery of the tumor toward its center. All the patients with pleurisy showed increased accumulation in effusion on 2-4 hr 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[SPECT images after intravenous injection of 99mTc-DTPA in lung tumors--comparison with delayed 123I-IMP lung scintigraphy]. 189 48

Intravenous administration of hyperosmotic mannitol into rats produced a disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This was visualized by T1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging following intravenous administration of the MR contrast agent gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Following administration of the Gd-DTPA there was an increase in signal intensity corresponding to the cerebral cortex. There was also an increase in signal intensity in features corresponding to the lateral ventricles. However, there was no increase in signal intensity within the striatum indicating that the vasculature within the striatum was resistant to disruption by the hyperosmotic mannitol. The tumors formed by C-6 glioma cells were isointense with rat brain on precontrast MR images. Following intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA, in a representative rat, the tumor was visualized as areas of high signal intensity. There was no enhancement of normal brain by Gd-DTPA. Thus, the tumor had different vascular properties than the host brain with respect to permeability of the contrast agent. Furthermore, Gd-DTPA did not enter the normal brain via the tumor. Thirty days following unilateral injection of kainic acid (KA: 5 nmol) into rat striatum, the shrinkage of the lesioned striatum and the concomitant enlargement of the lateral ventricles was visible on the precontrast MR images. Following administration of Gd-DTPA, there was no enhancement of any regions of the brain. Therefore, the structural perturbations of the striatum produced by KA lesions were not accompanied by disruption of the BBB. These studies demonstrate that MR imaging represents a useful technique for investigating in vivo the perturbation of the cerebral vasculature in rat models of neuropathologies.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of rat brain following in vivo disruption of the cerebral vasculature. 190 78

We examined 36 patients with carcinomas of the tongue and the floor of the mouth. In 11 cases, a clear definition of the tumor extent was not possible using T2 w. spin echo sequences and T1 w. spin echo and gradient echo sequences after injection of contrast material. This delineation was attained with Turbo-FLASH intensity-vs-time studies (Gad-DTPA). The time of acquisition of each measurement was about 1 sec. At the end of injection of Gad-DTPA, 30 measurements with a delay of 1 sec between two measurements were performed. Using this technique, a marginal zone at the boundary of the tumor of very high signal intensity was visible within first minute after Gadolinium injection. This method is not required in the case of clearly hypointense (majority of the tumors) or hyperintense (minority) lesions on T1 w. Gadolinium-enhanced SE or GE images.
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PMID:[MRT of orofacial tumors--initial clinical experiences with turbo-flash intensity studies]. 191 13

In this study, the breast carcinoma-reactive monoclonal antibody 15A8 and a site-specific immunoconjugate of the antibody, 15A8-glycyl-tyrosyl-(N-epsilon-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-lysine (15A8-GYK-DTPA), were characterized by immunohistological methods for reactivity with normal and neoplastic human tissues and normal cynomolgus monkey tissues. In addition, 15A8-GYK-DTPA labeled with 111In was assessed by in vivo imaging and pharmacokinetic studies for localization to human tumor xenografts in nude mice. The native antibody and the site-specific immunoconjugate exhibited similar limited reactivity with normal human tissues. Specifically, epithelial structures, including normal breast epithelium, lung alveoli, bronchial epithelium and glands, liver bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, kidney distal and collecting tubules, epidermal and esophageal epithelium, endometrial glands, and thymic Hassall's corpuscles, were reactive. Normal monkey tissues stained with 15A8 exhibited a similar pattern of reactivities. Antibody 15A8 reacted broadly with epithelium-derived tumors; more than 60% of the cells in all of the breast, colon, non-small cell lung, ovarian, prostate, bladder, and renal carcinomas tested expressed the antigen. In contrast, a variety of nonepithelial neoplasms, including lymphomas, melanomas, sarcomas, and small cell lung carcinomas, were nonreactive. 15A8-GYK-DTPA-111In administered i.v. rapidly localized to and imaged both MX-1 and MCF-7 human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice, reaching maximal levels of about 20% of injected dose/g of tumor within 4 days. No unusual localization to any nontumor tissue or organ was seen; the level of radioactivity in the normal tissues and organs was at or below that seen in the blood. Furthermore, the immunoconjugate did not accumulate in xenografts of the antigen-negative breast carcinoma ZR-75-1, which indicates that tumor localization was antigen specific. Pharmacokinetic studies in cynomolgus monkeys suggested that significant amounts of 15A8-GYK-DTPA-111In did not localize to normal epithelia and demonstrated that the immunoconjugate was not toxic. These findings suggest that antibody 15A8 may be useful in the diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer and possibly other carcinomas.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and pharmacokinetic characterization of site-specific immunoconjugate 15A8-glycyl-tyrosyl-(N-epsilon-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid)-lysine derived from anti-breast carcinoma monoclonal antibody 15A8. 191 93


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