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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a series of bronchial and bladder carcinomas, p53 protein expression was examined. Samples from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (routine-treated) were compared with parallel samples of fresh tissue and tissue fixed in paraformaldehyde and ethanol. The expression of p53 was measured by immunofluorescence staining and dual parameter flow cytometry, with simultaneous monitoring of DNA content. For each tumor, p53 fluorescence with different fixatives was expressed relative to fresh tissue. The p53 fluorescence signals were on average brighter from routine-treated tissue than from fresh tissue. The tissue fixed in paraformaldehyde showed no difference from fresh tissue. In the ethanol-fixed tissue, however, fluorescence signals were reduced by nearly 70%, and the fraction of detectable p53 positive cells in tumor tissue was reduced by more than 50%. This loss of fluorescence was probably due to a leakage of the antigen from nucleus to cytoplasm. Pepsin treatment did not influence p53 fluorescence. Within the same tumor, the S-phase fraction in p53 positive cells was significantly higher than in p53 negative cells (13.1 +/- 2.0% vs. 6.5 +/- 0.8%). This pattern was not influenced by formalin fixation or pepsin treatment. Our study demonstrates that in measuring a nuclear antigen, tissue handling may influence the results, and care should be taken to optimize the preparation procedure. Using the antibody PAb 1801, p53 expression measured in archival material is not reduced as compared to fresh tissue.
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PMID:Influence of tissue preparation techniques on p53 expression in bronchial and bladder carcinomas, assessed by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. 178 31

In an attempt to obtain complete tumor necrosis in large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions, the authors studied the clinical and histologic findings of a new combination therapy, percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) (pretreatment with TAE and subsequent PEI) in 15 patients with a single, large (3.0-9.0 cm in diameter), encapsulated lesion of HCC. Two weeks after TAE, PEI was performed under ultrasound guidance. A total of four to 11 injections were administered at a rate of one injection twice a week. During the follow-up period (range, 7-23 months), all lesions were reduced in size and no evidence of HCC was present at contrast material-enhanced computed tomography or angiography in nine of 11 patients who did not subsequently undergo surgery. Six patients had a follow-up of 1 year or more, for a 1-year survival rate of 100%. Four patients subsequently underwent surgical resection; complete necrosis of the tumor was observed in all four. The authors conclude that a combination of PEI and TAE is an appropriate treatment for patients with large, encapsulated HCC lesions who are poor surgical risks.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment with a combination therapy of transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous ethanol injection. 185 13

From May 1988 to March 1990, 57 patients with focal solid lesions of the liver underwent percutaneous US-guided fine-needle biopsy which demonstrated the primitive neoplastic nature of these tumors--mainly trabecular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eight of these patients affected with chronic liver disease presented with 14 lesions (less than 3 cm phi); they were considered inoperable and therefore treated with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) under US guidance. Three to eleven sessions of PEI (total: 78) were administered to each nodule, according to nodular size and to modality of ethanol distribution within the tumor. All these lesions showed post-treatment US and CT structural changes of fibronecrotic degeneration: the final fine-needle biopsy demonstrated the absence of malignant cells in all cases. Today all patients are alive and 7 present no recurrences of HCC on US and CT scans; the follow-up period was 18 months for 3 patients and 12, 9, 6, and 3 months for the extant 4 patients, respectively. The nodules have a smaller diameter than the primitive tumors. In conclusion PEI, besides being a simple and cheap method, is also readily available and effective for the treatment of small inoperable hepatocellular carcinomas.
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PMID:[Treatment of small hepatocarcinomas by percutaneous ultrasound-guided alcohol injections. Personal experience in 14 lesions]. 185 16

Tumor bearing hosts and animals treated with endotoxin commonly show a decrease in the catalase activity of the liver and kidney. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/cachectin may play a significant role in these conditions, we investigated its effects on the catalatic and peroxidatic activity of catalase in the liver and kidney of the rat. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured simultaneously to monitor the pentose phosphate and glycolytic pathways, respectively. Injection i.p. of 100 micrograms/kg/day human recombinant TNF-alpha for 5 days resulted in a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the catalatic activity of the liver when compared to rats fed ad libitum. The decrease in four experiments ranged from 21 to 56%. A significant decrease (18%; P = 0.01) in liver catalatic and peroxidatic activity was also observed in another experiment using pair fed rats as controls. The peroxidatic activity of catalase with ethanol as hydrogen donor closely paralleled the catalatic activity. TNF treatment had no detectable effect on the catalatic or peroxidatic activity of catalase in the kidney. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased (31-80%) significantly (P less than or equal to 0.02) in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidney (5-27%, P = 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased (14-19%) significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the liver and kidney but mainly in rats treated with TNF and additionally fasted for 24 h. Electron microscopic examination of liver sections showed that the hepatocytes of TNF-treated rats were undamaged but contained fewer and smaller peroxisomes than those of the control rats.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin decreases catalase activity of rat liver. 185 14

Planned delayed nephrectomy after preoperative ethanol infarction was done in 6 patients with renal carcinoma. Three patients had intracaval extension of tumor, 2 had renal vein but no vena caval extension and 1 had no renal vein or vena caval involvement. Nephrectomy was delayed 22 to 44 days after embolization. In the patients with inferior vena caval extension shrinkage of tumor thrombus after embolization allowed for easier surgical resection. Furthermore, delay of nephrectomy after preoperative infarction was of value in improving the clinical status of high risk patients.
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PMID:Planned delayed nephrectomy after ethanol embolization of renal carcinoma. 187 77

The frequency of spontaneously-occurring neoplasms in the male Syrian golden hamster, often used as a control in carcinogenic studies, was examined. The hamsters were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 received 0.1 ml of the phosphate buffer vehicle intratracheally once a week for 15 w; Group 2 received 0.1 ml of Tween 60:ethanol:buffer (5.3:8.7:100 by volume) in the same manner. The mean survival days of hamsters' total life-span were 574.9 +/- 176.1 d in Group 1 and 427.7 +/- 178.1 d in Group 2. Tumor incidence rates were 10.6% (16/148) in Group 1 and 11.5% (13/113) in Group 2. The mean survival days for tumor-bearing hamsters in Group 1 was 692.0 +/- 80.7 d and was 650.8 +/- 74.2 d in Group 2. Most tumors increased with advancing hamster age. The most common neoplasm was adrenal gland tumors (Group 1 = 4.7%, Group 2 = 8.8%). The occurrence of other tumors in other organs was low. The Syrian golden hamster is a suitable animal model for evaluating chemical carcinogenicity.
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PMID:The frequency of spontaneously-occurring neoplasms in the male Syrian golden hamster. 189 25

To assess the efficacy of intratumoral injections of absolute ethanol in the treatment of hepatic tumors, 18 New Zealand White rabbits underwent implantation of two 1-mm3 fragments of the VX-2 carcinoma. The animals were reexplored 2 weeks postimplant and the tumors measured. One nodule was treated by intratumoral injections of 2.28 +/- 0.72 mL of absolute ethanol; the second was injected with an equal amount of normal saline. The animals were sacrificed 4 weeks postimplant, and the tumors were measured and microscopically examined. On gross inspection, tumor size, expressed as the product of the largest and smallest diameters, was 4.59 +/- 3.4 cm2 for the ethanol-injected tumors vs 6.73 +/- 2.1 cm2 for the saline-treated nodules (p = .01). Histologic sections through the largest tumor diameter were microscopically examined using a computerized image analyzer. The mean cross-sectional area of viable tumor was 0.51 +/- 0.3 cm2 for the ethanol-treated nodules vs 2.01 +/- 0.5 cm2 for the saline-treated nodules (p less than .001). Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI studies were able to provide valuable information in terms of tissue characterization, which will be useful in differentiating viable tumor from necrotic tumor and infarcted liver. We conclude that intratumoral ethanol injection inhibits growth of liver tumors in this experimental model and deserves further study.
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PMID:Ethanol injection of hepatic tumors. 191 75

An improved protocol for in situ hybridization (ISH) to routinely processed, paraffin-imbedded tissue sections from transitional bladder carcinoma (TCC) is presented. The protocol to detect numerical chromosome aberrations involved treatment of sections with thiocyanate prior to proteolytic digestion, resulting in reproducible ISH reactions. It was used to explore the influence of nuclear truncation in the detection of numerical chromosome aberrations and the detection of tumor cells among stromal and inflammatory cells, to compare the flow cytometric DNA index with chromosome copy number, and to study chromosome heterogeneity within tumors. For this study, a DNA probe for the chromosome region 1q12 was used. Hybridization of model systems with known chromosome numbers, such as sections of paraffin-embedded lymph nodes, paraffin-embedded human peripheral lymphocytes, T24 and Molt-4 cells with two, three, and four chromosomes 1, respectively, showed in at least 50% of the cells the proper number of chromosome hybridization signals in standard 6-microns-thick sections. Depending on the size of the nucleus, a certain percentage of the cells showed lower copy numbers as a result of truncation. In four cases of normal urothelium in paraffin sections, the percentage of nuclei with more than two chromosome spots did not exceed 5%. Comparison of the number of ISH signals, as detected in ethanol-fixed single cell suspensions of 11 TCCs [five flow cytometric (FCM) diploid, three FCM aneuploid, and three FCM tetraploid], with ISH results obtained in paraffin sections of the same tumors showed that typical numerical chromosome aberrations, such as trisomy and tetrasomy up to nonasomy, could be detected. However, the real chromosome copy number is underestimated, especially in tumors with high copy numbers, as detected in the single cell suspensions of the same tumors. Hybridization of a TCC with extremely large nuclei (DNA index = 3.2) containing six to nine ISH signals as detected in the isolated tumor cells, showed that an indication of these real chromosome copy numbers could be obtained in 6-microns paraffin sections. The accuracy for the detection of the chromosome copy number was even higher in cases where hybridization signals were counted in the mitotic cells. Furthermore, chromosome heterogeneity was detected by ISH using centromeric probes for chromosomes 7, 9, and 18, even though nuclei are truncated in the section. The surplus value of ISH on paraffin sections, as compared with ISH on isolated tumor cells, can be summarized as follows. (a) The focal tumor cell areas with chromosome aberrations can be recognized in the sections and be correlated with the histologic appearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Detection of numerical chromosome aberrations using in situ hybridization in paraffin sections of routinely processed bladder cancers. 192 81

Tumors of the skull base frequently have some blood supply from cavernous branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Preoperative embolization of such pedicles can expedite the subsequently performed surgery. Sometimes, however, the tumor vessels are multiple and very small so selective catheterizations are not possible, particularly when the tumor invades the cavernous sinus. In eight procedures in seven patients of this type, the tumor was embolized with 100% ethyl alcohol by temporarily occluding the ICA above the feeders while infusing ethanol with a microcatheter as close to the feeders as possible. At fluoroscopy, tumor blush was seen to have decreased markedly in all cases. In one patient, no obvious benefit was gained at surgery. In another patient, a first surgery that was aborted due to blood loss was successfully completed after embolization. The other five patients had much drier surgical fields than expected.
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PMID:Skull-base tumors: ethanol embolization of the cavernous carotid artery. 194 90

In intact rats, ethanol treatment has been associated with increases in hepatic levels of both P450IIB1/2 and P450IIE. When rat hepatocytes were cultured on an extracellular tumor matrix (Matrigel), exposure to ethanol from 48 to 96 h in culture resulted in increases in cytochromes P450IIE, IIB1/2, and IIIA. Cytochrome P450IIE was detected immunologically and enzymatically, using two activities associated with cytochrome P450IIE, p-nitrophenol hydroxylation, and acetaminophen activation to a metabolite that binds to glutathione. The content of cytochrome P450IIE in freshly isolated cells decreased when the cells were placed in culture. Exposure of the cultured hepatocytes to ethanol from 48 to 96 h after inoculation resulted in an increase in cytochrome P450IIE compared to untreated cultured cells. In addition, in culture, the amount of enzymatically active protein after ethanol treatment was equal to that in hepatocytes freshly isolated from intact animals. Ethanol treatment resulted in increases in cytochrome P450IIB1/2 compared to untreated cells, as shown immunologically and by increased benzyloxyresorufin dealkylase activity. However, phenobarbital induced cytochrome P450IIB1/2 to higher levels, compared to ethanol. Ethanol and phenobarbital treatments both increased P450IIIA, as determined immunologically and by the amount of propoxycoumarin depropylase activity that is inhibited by triacetyloleandomycin. However, the amount of P450IIIA increased after ethanol treatment was less than that increased after treatment with dexamethasone in these cells. The ethanol-mediated increases in all four forms of cytochrome P450 in culture suggest that these increases in the intact animal result from direct effects of ethanol on the liver.
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PMID:Ethanol increases cytochromes P450IIE, IIB1/2, and IIIA in cultured rat hepatocytes. 198 19


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