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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using intact ethanol-fixed cytokeratin monoclonal (CAM 5.2) and propidium iodide dual-stained cells, we have performed two-color multiparametric flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis and S-phase fraction (SPF) determination on 165 mechanically dissociated breast carcinomas. Sixty-seven patients were axillary node positive, 33 patients node negative; 59 had biopsy only and in 8, FCM was performed on tissue from metastatic lesions. Overall, 62% of the tumors contained aneuploid cell populations. Abnormal cellular DNA content (aneuploidy) was significantly correlated with high nuclear grade (p less than 0.001), lack of estrogen receptors (p less than 0.001), presence of vascular invasion (p less than 0.04), high histologic grade (p less than 0.04), and tumor size (p less than 0.03) but not with patient age (p greater than 0.07) or axillary node status (p greater than 0.50). SPF values derived from ungated histograms had a positively skewed frequency distribution (range 2 to 30%, N = 152) with an overall median of 11% (diploid, 8.9%; aneuploid, 15.7%). Higher SPF values were significantly correlated with aneuploidy (p less than 0.001), presence of necrosis (p less than 0.001), lack of estrogen receptor (p less than 0.0001), high nuclear grade (p less than 0.001), vascular invasion (p less than 0.003), tumor size (p less than 0.006), and high histologic grade (p less than .004) but not the presence of lymph node metastases (p greater than 0.56). Mean SPF values were significantly higher when calculated from cytokeratin gated DNA histograms (14.1% versus 11.5%, p less than 0.001), probably due to exclusion of contaminating stromal/inflammatory cells; and significantly lower when calculated from debris subtracted histograms (7.8% versus 11.4%). Cytokeratin gated and debris subtracted SPF values both had a greater degree of correlation than ungated values with clinicopathologic factors of known prognostic significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Multiparametric deoxyribonucleic acid and cell cycle analysis of breast carcinomas by flow cytometry. Clinicopathologic correlations. 169 Mar 16

The therapeutic effect of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was assessed by the serial change of serum AFP value before and after treatment. Subjects were 56 therapies for HCCs in 48 cases, who were diagnosed as inoperative HCCs, and were performed chemotherapy, transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT). As the indicator of therapeutic effect, the angle (supplement) alpha was used, that was formed by the cross of two lines based on several points of serum AFP value on the hemilogarithm graph before and after treatment respectively. The alpha were distributed from -34 degrees to 118 degrees, and its mean value was 32 +/- 38 degrees (+/-SD). The angle alpha value of cases evaluated as CR or PR was high, and that of PD was low. We could quantitatively assess the effects evaluated as NC by tumor size. The survival curve of group with high alpha value was significantly longer than that of group with low value. It was concluded that this method using angle alpha based on the serial change of serum AFP value was useful for clinical assessment of HCCs treatment.
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PMID:[An assessment of therapeutic effect of hepatocellular carcinoma by the serial changes in serum AFP value]. 169

Assessment of colonic epithelial proliferation is a biomarker of risk for large-bowel neoplasia. Until now, in vitro labeling of S-phase crypt cells was usually performed by incorporation of tritiated thymidine. Its major disadvantage is the lengthy period of autoradiography before results can be evaluated. The thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine, which is detectable by immunohistochemical examination, allows evaluation of epithelial proliferation within 3 days. Pinch rectal biopsy specimens, from the unprepared bowel, are incubated under 1 atm additional pressure in a medium containing bromodeoxyuridine. The tissue is then fixed in 70% ethanol and embedded in paraffin, and the slides are prepared. The labeled nuclei are revealed using indirect immunoperoxidase staining and are easily counted by light microscopy. Assessment of proliferation is rapidly available for determining cancer risk and response in ongoing experimental and human dietary intervention studies.
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PMID:A rapid and simple in vitro method for evaluating human colorectal epithelial proliferation. 169 38

Adequate preservation of neoplastic cells and the elimination of interference by inflammatory cells in measuring tumor cell DNA content represent two important objectives necessary for accurate flow cytometric analysis of bladder carcinomas. An experimental model consisting of a mixture of cultured bladder carcinoma cells (T24) and human buffy-coat (BC) cells was used to evaluate various preservatives and an anti-bladder carcinoma monoclonal antibody (MoAb), DU83.21, for separating inflammatory cells (BC cells) from T24 cells. A final concentration of 25% ethanol was found to be the most effective preservative of several tested. After incubation with the MoAb DU83.21 and propidium iodide (DNA stain), the T24 cells could be separated from the BC cells, permitting accurate DNA analysis of the tumor cells. Application of this system to specimens from bladder cancer patients enhanced the detection and DNA analysis of the tumor cell populations.
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PMID:Flow cytometric DNA analysis after immunoselection of bladder tumor cells with monoclonal antibody DU83.21. 169 17

The authors report a case of repeated brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a 70-year-old male, who had underwent liver segmentectomy for HCC 5 years earlier. He developed intracerebral hemorrhage in the right parietal region, which was considered to be intratumoral because the metastatic tumor was detected in the same region. Total removal of the tumor and hepatic artery embolization followed by ethanol injection for recurrent HCC were performed. One month later, a metastatic tumor was discovered in the upper vermis and was totally removed. Both metastatic brain tumors were histologically verified as Edmondson grade 2 HCC. Four months later, multiple metastases to the left frontal region and the upper vermis occurred, and he died of pneumonia. Brain metastasis from HCC is rare; nine such cases have been reported in the literature, of which eight cases developed intracranial hemorrhage as in the present case.
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PMID:Intracranial hemorrhage due to brain metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma--case report. 170 53

Synchronization of mammalian cells is essential for investigations involving cell proliferation. A simple method for obtaining synchrony in all types of cells, through several cycles and with minimal overall metabolic perturbations, has not yet been available. We describe a procedure for synchronizing normal as well as tumor cells reversibly in the G1 phase of the cell cycle using Lovastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. This method of synchronization was successful with all cell lines tested, including normal and tumor cells of mouse, hamster, and human origins. For example, when MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were synchronized with Lovastatin and released by the addition of mevalonic acid (the product of the reaction catalyzed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), 3 phases of accelerated thymidine incorporation into DNA corresponding to 3 S phases of the cell cycle occurred during a 90-h period of cell replication. Thymidine incorporation was decreased to less than or equal to 4% during the initial lag of 18 h before the first S phase, and maximum incorporation was then achieved after only 6 h. The antibody Ki-67, which detects a nuclear antigen associated with proliferation, was present in cells arrested with Lovastatin. This fact, together with the lack of thymidine incorporation during the initial lag time, indicates that the cells were arrested in the G1 and not in the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, in synchronized tumor-derived human breast epithelial cells, histone H4 RNA was low after Lovastatin release and increased with the onset of DNA synthesis. Concomitant synthesis of DNA and histone H4 RNA expression could be observed for 2 cycles. Minimal perturbations of general metabolic functions occurred since the rate of RNA, protein, and initial DNA synthesis were unaffected by Lovastatin, as evidenced by [3H]uridine, [3H]leucine, and initial [3H]thymidine incorporation. Finally, while the Lovastatin-induced synchronization was overcome by mevalonic acid, addition of squalene or cholesterol-ethanol had no such effect. Thus, Lovastatin appears to prevent formation of an early intermediate in the cholesterol pathway that is essential for progression of cells through early G1 phase.
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PMID:Synchronization of tumor and normal cells from G1 to multiple cell cycles by lovastatin. 171 13

Fifty-seven magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations were obtained at 0.5 T in 19 patients before and after percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for 23 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions less than 3.5 cm in diameter. Seventeen patients also underwent MR imaging 6 months after completion of therapy. In 11 patients, computed tomography was performed before and after treatment. After PEI, fine-needle biopsy specimens were obtained in all cases. Before treatment, HCC lesions had low signal intensity on T1-weighted images in 13 cases, had the same signal intensity as normal liver parenchyma in six, and had high signal intensity in four; all 23 tumors had high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. After treatment and at 6-month follow-up, all 21 lesions that contained no malignant cells at fine-needle biopsy had high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and had low signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The remaining two HCC lesions in which tumor necrosis was not achieved with PEI displayed a different MR pattern, since the residual neoplastic tissue showed no change in signal intensity on either T1- or T2-weighted images. The authors conclude that MR imaging may be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of PEI in achieving tumor regression.
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PMID:Small hepatocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous ethanol injection: MR imaging findings. 171 99

Multiparametric, two-color DNA and cell cycle analyses were performed on 112 consecutive mechanically dissociated, ethanol-fixed breast carcinomas using a dual-label method with monoclonal antibodies (CAM 5.2) to cytokeratin (CK) and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) with propidium iodide (PI) staining. There was marked intertumoral variation of CK-positive (range, 3-87%; mean, 40%) and LCA-positive (range, 1-28%; mean, 6.5%) events in DNA histograms. Approximately 70% of DNA aneuploid cells were CK positive. CAM 5.2-stained (avidin-biotin technique) Cytospin preparations correlated with flow cytometric (FCM) detection of CK-positive cells in 15/21 (71%) cases. In each discrepant case, FCM detected greater numbers of CK-positive cells. Cytospin controls of tumor suspensions revealed that cytoplasmic loss was the major cause of decreased CK staining. Synthesis phase fraction (SPF) calculation from CK-gated histograms resulted in kinetic indices (mean ungated, 12.3%, vs. mean CK-gated, 16.8%; P less than .01) with improved statistical correlations with tumor grade and estrogen receptor (ER) status. Differences between ungated vs. CK-gated SPF were greatest in cases having less than 20% CK-positive events (P less than .05). Cases with lower CK staining events generally had higher SPF and were more often high grade (below median CK staining, 61% high grade, vs. above median CK staining, 31% high grade) and ER-negative (below median CK staining, 55% ER negative, vs. above median CK staining, 12% ER negative).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Multiparametric evaluation of flow cytometric synthesis phase fraction determination in dual-labelled breast carcinomas. 171 94

The risk of americium-induced liver cancer in beagle dogs that received long-term dietary ethanol was two to three times that of their nonalcoholic cohorts, even though the radionuclide retention time in hepatic tissue was shortened by the alcohol treatment. Liver malignancies did not occur in the ethanol-treated, nonirradiated controls. An ethanol-induced tumor-promoting effect was not observed in organs or tissues other than the liver.
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PMID:Promotion of radiation-induced liver neoplasia by ethanol. 173 May 60

Epidemiological studies reveal that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for the cancer of the mouth, larynx, esophagus and various other organs. Of the various alcoholic beverages consumed in India, country liquors are widely consumed and that too by the economically weak section of the society. The present paper describes the experiments designed to investigate the effect of one brand of country liquor from Maharashtra State, India (which was found to be more potent in our earlier mutagenicity studies) for its carcinogenicity in two strains of mice and Syrian golden hamsters. The experimental animals received 10% liquor in drinking water from 2 months of age for 16 months. One percent ethanol treated animals served as positive controls. Together with long term bioassays, the transplacental carcinogenic effect of country liquor in the offspring of treated mothers, as well as in the breeders themselves was also investigated. Pregnant mothers were fed 10% liquor through drinking water from 12th day of gestation till weaning of the progeny. Then offspring were allowed to live without further treatment and mothers continued to get liquor treatment. In long term bioassays, liquor caused 22% total tumor incidence in male BALB/c mice and 28% in male Swiss mice. In female Swiss mice and in hamsters, liquor did not show any pronounced effect on tumor incidence. Similar negative results were obtained in case of offspring of treated mothers, but the offspring of liquor treated mothers had higher mortality prior to weaning as compared to those of untreated mothers.
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PMID:Carcinogenic potential of Indian alcoholic beverage (country liquor). 176 16


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