Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Self medication using anxiolytic and relaxing agents prior to surgery is a common phenomen in many patients. In our prospective study of 356 patients undergoing prolonged surgical procedures (greater than 3 h), we evaluated the preoperative ethanol level of the blood using gas-chromatography. In 39 (10.9%) of 307 tumor patients ethanol could be detected in high concentrations, indicating the ingestion of disinfectants. Among our 49 orthognathic cases blood alcohol was found in 4 cases (8.2%). Since the minimum effective dose for ethanol ist 0.1 to 0.2 g/l, the patients' legal capacity when giving informed consent for surgery and anesthesia is to be questioned and the risks of analgosedation in outpatient must be considered.
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PMID:[Preoperative blood alcohol levels in patients hospitalized for prolonged surgical procedures]. 161 81

Alcohol-addicted patients have a high risk of intercurrent complications during the postoperative period. In addition to the predisposition for infection, alcohol withdrawal syndrome is potentially life-threatening in these patients. However, this concerns only addicts, and definite preoperative diagnosis of addiction therefore is a crucial parameter in assessing the postoperative risks. In our department, 40% of maxillofacial tumor patients with a history of alcohol abuse were assessed as alcohol-addicted according to a complex diagnosis scheme. In these patients, postoperative withdrawal syndrome prophylaxis with continuous, low-dose alcohol infusion is indicated after exclusion of contraindications. If prophylaxis is impossible and differential diagnosis has confirmed a withdrawal syndrome, therapy must take into account the patient's symptoms and the latest neurobiochemical findings on withdrawal-related imbalances in neuronal transmitter systems.
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PMID:[Prophylaxis of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in prolonged oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures]. 161 82

Effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethanol on gastric tumor development in rats after treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were studied. MNNG, dissolved in distilled water (5 g/liter), was administered orally once by gastric tube at a dose of 0.25 ml/10 g body weight to 4-week-old ACI rats. After this carcinogen initiation, animals were fed on a diet containing 10% NaCl (Group 2) or normal diet with 10% ethanol in the drinking water (Group 4). MNNG alone (Group 1), NaCl alone (Group 3), ethanol alone (Group 5), and control (Group 6) animals were also maintained. All survivors were killed one year after the MNNG application. Incidences of tumors in the forestomach and glandular stomach were significantly increased in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 (P less than 0.05). The height of the pyloric mucosa was significantly greater in Group 2 than in Groups 4, 5 or 6 (P less than 0.05). In the fundic area, the mucosal height was significantly decreased in Group 4 as compared to Group 6 (P less than 0.05). The present results demonstrate that whereas tumors in the glandular stomach and forestomach are both promoted by NaCl, ethanol is without influence. Furthermore, NaCl, a promoter of glandular stomach tumorigenesis also increases cell proliferation.
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PMID:Effects of sodium chloride and ethanol on stomach tumorigenesis in ACI rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: a quantitative morphometric approach. 164 63

Spontaneous regression of a malignant tumor is a rare phenomenon, especially in advanced lung cancer. We reported a case of spontaneous regression of lung cancer with tracheal stenosis due to tumor invasion and multiple skin metastases. A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on September 10, 1985, because of a dry cough. A chest roentgenogram showed a mass shadow in the right upper lung field. Bronchoscopic examination revealed tracheal stenosis due to the tumor mass, and transbronchial aspiration cytology (TBAC) yielded a diagnosis of large cell carcinoma of the lung. In spite of treatment by chemotherapy with cisplatin and vindesin and irradiation, dyspnea deteriorated and multiple skin metastases appeared. After Nd-YAG laser irradiation via a broncho-fiberscope to maintain his airway and ethanol injection into the skin metastases, his dyspnea improved and he was discharged on February 6, 1986. Two months after discharge all skin metastasis had completely disappeared, and the primary lesion also regressed and finally disappeared on chest roentgenogram until August, 1986. The mechanism of regression is unclear, but now he has been free of tumor clinically for four years.
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PMID:[A case of spontaneous regression of lung cancer with skin metastasis]. 164 18

Histopathologic examination was done on 18 cases after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) for hepatocellular carcinoma. In eight cases, the lesion was treated by PEIT alone; in the other ten cases, PEIT was combined with transcatheter arterial embolization. The lesion was completely necrotic in 13 cases, 90% necrotic in four cases, and 70% necrotic in the rest. In addition, PEIT seemed to be effective against intercapsular, extracapsular, and vascular invasions. In the four cases of incomplete necrosis, the viable cancer tissue remained in small tumor nodules around the main tumor, in portions isolated by septa, or along the edge of the lesion. Therefore, ethanol should be injected not only into the center of the lesion, but also into sites close to its edge. Ethanol did not damage noncancerous liver parenchyma distant from injected sites. Local dissemination of the cancer cells was not found in any case. Therefore, PEIT seems to be a valuable therapy and may be an alternative to surgery in some cases.
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PMID:Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. A histopathologic study. 165 96

Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) under ultrasound guidance is a new therapeutic possibility for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our series, 51 patients with a total of 72 lesions were treated (tumor size 0.8-5.0 cm). No significant complications occurred after 745 treatments. Forty patients presented complete remission, as no evidence of residual HCC was revealed during the follow-up (mean 18 months). Ten patients with lesions larger than 3.5 cm and one with lesion less than 3 cm presented partial remission (80-90% of necrosis). The cumulative survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years (Kaplan-Meier method) were 100%, 89% and 58%. The survival rates for patients carrier of single lesion were 100%, 94% and 71% respectively. In comparison with the survival curves of untreated and surgically treated patients, PEI seems to be the better treatment for operable HCC smaller than 3 cm, and for lesions smaller than 5 cm in patients with surgical risk.
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PMID:[Percutaneous alcoholization of the small hepatocarcinoma]. 165 73

16 patients (14 males, 2 females, mean age: 59.2 years) underwent sonographic-guided ethanol injections as treatment for 23 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) complicating cirrhosis. All lesions were pathologically proven by sonographic-guided cytology. Tumor sizes ranged from 9 to 66 mm. Sterile 96% alcohol was injected with a 17.7 cm-long 22 gauge spinal needle at one week intervals. At each session, 8-50 ml was injected depending on the diameter of the tumor. We regarded as a "success" the negativation of the cytologies one, two and three months after the end of the treatment associated with normalization of alpha-fetoprotein levels and typical echographic and tomodensitometric changes. No serious complication was associated with the procedure. In the "Child A" group1, 6 of 7 tumors have been successfully treated, the largest measuring 66 mm. The seventh lesion is currently being treated. In the "Child B" group1 3 of 6 lesions have been successfully treated. No success has been obtained in the "Child C" group. Volumes of alcohol greater than previously reported may be useful for lesions larger than 40 mm. Percutaneous alcohol injections can be considered as an alternative to surgery even for lesions larger than 50 mm. Among 4 patients presenting with 11 liver metastases of colic and gastric adenocarcinoma and 1 patient with a small bowel carcinoid tumor, one remission with a follow-up of 5 months was observed.
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PMID:[Percutaneous ethanol injection of malignant liver tumors under ultrasonographic guidance]. 165 40

One-electron reduction of diaziquone (AZQ) by purified rat liver NADPH cytochrome c reductase was associated with formation of AZQ semiquinone, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals as indicated by ESR spin-trapping studies. Reactive oxygen formation correlated with AZQ-dependent production of single and double PM2 plasmid DNA strand breaks mediated by this system as detected by gel electrophoresis. Direct two-electron reduction of AZQ by purified rat liver NAD(P)H (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase (QAO) was also associated with formation of AZQ semiquinone, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals as detected by ESR spin trapping. Furthermore, PM2 plasmid DNA strand breaks were detected in the presence of this system. Plasmid DNA strand breakage was inhibited by dicumarol (49 +/- 5%), catalase (57 +/- 2.3%), SOD (42.2 +/- 3.6%) and ethanol (41.1 +/- 3.9%) showing QAO and reactive oxygen formation was involved in the PM2 plasmid DNA strand breaks observed. These results show that both one- and two-electron enzymatic reduction of AZQ give rise to formation of reactive oxygen species and DNA strand breaks. Autoxidation of the AZQ semiquinone and hydroquinone in the presence of molecular oxygen appears to be responsible for these processes. QAO appears to be involved in the metabolic activation of AZQ to free radical species. The cellular levels and distribution of this enzyme may play an important role in the response of tumor and normal cells to this antitumor agent.
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PMID:Free radical formation and DNA strand breakage during metabolism of diaziquone by NAD(P)H quinone-acceptor oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase) and NADPH cytochrome c reductase. 166 2

From bioactivity-directed fractionation of the EtOH extract of Endlicheria dysodantha, dysodanthin A and dysodanthin B, which are new hexahydrobenzofuranoid neolignans, have been isolated. In addition, the known neolignans, compound 4, which is a burchellin analogue, and megaphone acetate [1] were isolated. All four neolignans showed activities in the brine shrimp lethality test; compounds 1-3 also inhibited the growth of crown gall tumors on potato discs and were cytotoxic to human tumor cells in culture. This is the first report of these neolignans isolated from the genus Endlicheria and of their completely assigned 1H-and 13C-nmr data.
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PMID:Bioactive neolignans from Endlicheria dysodantha. 166 73

Eleven patients with dysphagia caused by inoperable, unresectable, or recurrent esophagogastric cancer were treated by endoscopic injection of ethanol (with or without per-oral dilation) to induce tumor necrosis. Prior to treatment, patients had a mean dysphagia grade of 3. After one treatment, dysphagia grade had improved to a mean of 1.5. An optimum dysphagia grade (mean, 0.9) was achieved after a mean of 1.6 injection treatments. Treatments were repeated as symptoms recurred, with a mean period between repeat treatments of 32 days (median, 26). There were no complications associated with ethanol-induced tumor necrosis (ETN). Mean patient survival was 140 days (median, 109). These results suggest that ETN has considerable potential for palliation of malignant dysphagia in selected patients.
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PMID:Use of ethanol-induced tumor necrosis to palliate dysphagia in patients with esophagogastric cancer. 169 88


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