Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A triple-bridge, indirect, immunoperoxidase method for detecting and localizing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in tissue sections is described. By this technique, a cell-surface localization of CEA in colonic carcinoma and ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma cells could be visualized. In the case of the colonic cancer, both the tumor from the descending colon and a metastasis to the skin gave positive peroxidase reactions for CEA. This immunocytochemical method for demonstrating the presence of CEA functioned in both frozen, ethanol-fixed and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, thus making it applicable for use with tissue sections conventionally prepared for light microscopy.
 ...
PMID:Detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in tissue sections by immunoperoxidase. 123 19

The fixation in ethanol or formalin for trypsin digestion in immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratins and vimentin was assessed in a case of ovarian cystadenofibrocarcinoma. Superior reactivity for both markers was achieved in ethanol-fixed sections, even in samples stocked up to 60 days. Cytokeratin reaction in formalin-fixed sections was better when trypsin was used. However, this digestion was deleterious to vimentin detection. These data are presented to alert surgeons and oncologists on the relevance of fixation of specimens suspicious for neoplasia, since different epitopes may require different fixatives and the inadequate choice in the operative room may impart difficulties when immunohistochemistry is necessary.
 ...
PMID:[The importance of fixation in immunohistochemistry: distribution of vimentin and cytokeratins in samples fixed in alcohol and formol]. 128 93

We studied the influence of five cell nucleus populations taken as diploid standards with respect to the normalization of a human breast carcinoma. Four normal human tissues (lymphocytes, thyroid, liver, and bladder specimens) were taken as external standards, while the normal breast cells "contaminating" the tumor were taken as the internal diploid standard. Nuclear size and nuclear DNA assessments were performed by means of a cell image processor computing the parameters on Feulgen-stained nuclei from fresh imprint smears fixed in an ethanol-formalin-acetic acid mixture. Our results demonstrate that the choice of normal tissue as the diploid standard markedly influences the ploidy level of breast carcinoma. Normalization according to the lymphocytes led to our obtaining a major hyposextaploid G0-G1 DNA peak in the breast cancer. Using thyroid and liver cells as a standard, we obtained a major pentaploid and sextaploid G0-G1 peak, respectively. Using bladder cells or the normal contaminating breast cells within the tumor, we obtained a major tetraploid G0-G1 peak. Finally, the normalization of the normal bladder cells against the liver cells led to our obtaining a near triploid bladder specimen. The reverse feature was also observed, e.g., the obtaining of biologically nonsensical hypodiploid liver cells after normalization against the normal bladder cells. Such postnormalization variations in ploidy level depend upon the mean nuclear size and the mean nuclear DNA content of the normal tissue taken as diploid standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Modification of tumor ploidy level via the choice of tissue taken as diploid reference in the digital cell image analysis of Feulgen-stained nuclei. 128 44

Cell kinetic parameters were evaluated using the method based on in vivo incorporation of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis in 30 human epidermoid head and neck tumors from oropharynx, oral cavity, rhinopharynx, larynx and lips. BrdU was injected four/six hours before the obtainment of multiple bioptic samples from the tumor tissues. The flow cytometric method was carried out on 70% ethanol fixed cell suspensions based on established protocol for the simultaneous evaluation of DNA content and BrdU uptake using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies. We have evaluated the following FCM parameters: DNA ploidy, the degree of DNA aneuploidy (DNA index), Labelling Index (LI), duration of s-phase (Ts) and tumor potential doubling time (Tpot). LI values ranged from 1.5 to 20% with a median value of 10%. The median LI of DNA diploid tumors was 5.4% compared to 14% in DNA aneuploid tumors. Ts values ranged from 8 to 11, the median value being 10 hours. Tpot values ranged from 2 days to 16 days, the median Tpot being 5 days. The large heterogeneity of all these parameters indicates that these tumors may have a different degree of biologic aggressiveness (9). Tpot values did not correlate with DNA ploidy nor with lymph node metastasis status. Tpot values did not correlate in a statistically significant manner with degree of differentiation although shorter Tpot were more frequently observed in moderate or poorly differentiated tumors. Our study shows that the FCM-BrdU technique in vivo is feasible in a clinical setting to evaluate the proliferative behaviour of head and neck tumors, before any specific therapeutic decision is taken after surgery is performed. It is likely that tumors with more aggressive biological behavior, as indicated by LI > 15%, DNA aneuploidy and Tpot < 5 days, may benefit from more aggressive therapies such as accelerated regimeus of radiotherapy and/or other multimodal therapies in respect to tumors with slow growth rate (LI < 15%), DNA diploidy and Tpot > 5 days. So far, however, it still remains to be demonstrated from randomized clinical trials if the knowledge of such individualized cell Kinetic parameters really can help to choose the most effective therapy for every individual patient.
 ...
PMID:[Cell kinetic analysis and treatment planning in epidermoid tumors of the head and neck]. 130 6

This study was aimed at defining the therapeutic value of percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma less than 4 cm. Ultrasound-guided ethanol injection was performed in 24 cirrhotic patients (9 Child A, 10 Child B and 5 Child C), with hepatocellular carcinoma not suitable for surgical treatment. Its efficacy was assessed by repeated ultrasound, computed tomography and tumor biopsy during a follow-up ranging between 4 and 41 mo. Ethanol injection did not achieve a complete tumor necrosis in five cases after a minimum of 12 injections. Seven of the remaining 19 cases, with initial success, have shown recurrence during follow-up, thus resulting in 50% success rate, which was significantly related to baseline tumor size. The six patients with nodules less than 2 cm achieved a complete response, whereas this was recorded in 2 of the 7 with tumor size between 2 and 3 cm, and in only 1 of the 11 cases between 3 and 4 cm. The 1- and 2-yr survival of Child's A and B patients was 87% and 70%, respectively. These results indicate that percutaneous ethanol injection is a useful treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in tumors less than 3 cm. The high survival rate among patients with nonadvanced liver disease suggests that this therapeutic approach can be considered an alternative approach to surgical resection for tumors smaller than 3 cm.
 ...
PMID:Tumor size determines the efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. 132 49

The therapeutic effectiveness of a new combination therapy--pretreatment with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and subsequent percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)--for solitary large (> 3.0 cm in diameter) primary hepatocellular carcinoma lesions was compared with that of TAE alone. With TAE alone, a partial response of the tumor was seen in only 10% of the patients, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were calculated to be 68%, 37%, and 0%, respectively. Histologic examination of specimens obtained at hepatectomy showed that TAE alone caused complete necrosis in only 20% of the tumors. In contrast, PEI combined with TAE significantly (P < .05) increased the partial response rate (45%) and significantly (P < .01) prolonged the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates (100%, 85%, and 85%, respectively). Combination therapy caused complete histologic necrosis in 83% of the tumors. It also was significantly (P < .05) better than TAE alone in terms of rate of primary tumor recurrence during follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment with percutaneous ethanol injection and transcatheter arterial embolization. 132 43

Cancer of the cervix is strongly associated with sexual behavior, and the risk of acquiring both cervical cancer and its precursor lesions increases with the number of sex partners, early age at first intercourse, increasing parity, and cigarette smoking. Low dietary intake of vitamin A and long-term use of oral contraceptives have also been suspected of elevating the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been studied intensively in recent years with regard to its role in the genesis of cervical cancer. Cervical infection by the virus occurs sexually and HPV has been isolated from cervical warts, precancers, and invasive carcinomas. Certain HPV types have been associated with cervical neoplasia and extensive experimental data indicate that HPV is an oncogenic virus. The prevalence of clinical HPV infection among young women has increased over the past decade. 465 women enrolled at the University of Virginia were evaluated to determine if certain variables of social and sexual behavior correlated with the presence of HPV DNA in the genital tract, and if the associations differed between women who were HPV DNA positive, HPV DNA positive/clinically negative, or who reported previous HPV-related disease by a history of an abnormal Pap smear or genital warts. The women were of mean age 22.7 years in the range of 17-39 years, 89% White, 91% single, and 65% undergraduate. This study population did not differ significantly from the university population. HPV-positive women had more sex partners in the recent past, more sexual episodes per month, and used spermicides less commonly than controls. Self-reporters were more likely to have more lifetime sex partners and earlier age of onset for sexual activity. Cytologically negative HPV-positive women were distinguished only by more sexual episodes per month and sex partners in the past year. Alcohol use was significantly more frequent in all groups, highlighting that variable as a risk factor for both HPV DNA positivity and related disease in young women. Potential explanations for differences between women with clinically and non-clinically related HPV positivity are discussed, with emphasis upon the need for follow-up studies to determine if an epidemiologically distinct subset of HPV DNA-positive, but clinically negative women are at risk for subsequent cervical disease.
 ...
PMID:The relationship between contraceptives, sexual practices, and cervical human papillomavirus infection among a college population. 133 41

Since the tumor thrombus in the main portal vein appears in the terminal stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), any attempt to remove it surgically is thought to be impractical as the malignancy itself cannot be entirely removed. During the past 5 years, we have performed tumor thrombectomy combined with hepatectomy in 29 of 298 patients with HCC. This combined therapy was initially decided upon as an emergency measure to prevent impending rupture of esophageal varices, rather than to improve patient survival. Since portal flow was obtained after removal of thrombi, this condition enabled transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and/or percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT). Although improved patient survival was not the primary goal of the emergency operation and there was an operative mortality of 11%, half of the other patients in the present series had unexpectedly high survival rates of 1 year (52.2%), 2 years (23.2%), and 3 years (11.6%), which were significantly higher than in patients not undergoing operation (n = 22).
 ...
PMID:Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with direct removal of tumor thrombi in the main portal vein. 133 83

Among 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), combination treatment with both transhepatic arterial embolization (TAE) and ethanol injection therapy (EIT) was performed in 10 patients. Only two had tumors measuring less than 3 cm in diameter. In all, eight patients had solitary tumors and two had multiple tumors. The tumor was classified as stage I in one patient, stage II in six subjects, stage III in two patients, and stage IV in one subject prior to TAE, but one stage II case was changed to stage III after laparotomy. The clinical stage was I in two patients, II in six subjects and III in two patients. Five patients with tumors of stages I and II achieved either a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). However, three patients with tumors of stages III and IV showed progressive disease (PD). Thus, the response rate (CR+PR) was 50%. For tumor stages I and II, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival values were 100%, 100%, and 83%, respectively. For tumor stages III and IV, the 1- and 2-year survival values were 75% and 25%, respectively. Combination treatment of HCC appears to be efficacious for tumor stages I and II.
 ...
PMID:Efficacy of combination treatment--(TAE with adriamycin and ethanol)--for hepatocellular carcinoma. 133 5

One hundred and thirty-two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in stages III and IV were studied. Seventy-six patients who underwent hepatectomy were divided into three groups: relative curative resection (RC: n = 30), relative noncurative resection (RNC: n = 30) and absolute noncurative resection (ANC: n = 16). Fifty-six patients were treated by non surgical procedures such as hepatic arterial infusion, transcatheter arterial embolization, ethanol injection and hyperthermia. The cumulative survival rate of hepatectomy patients was significantly better than that of non-surgically treated patients. The most significant prognostic factor was the presence of the portal venous invasion. In the patients without tumor thrombi or with tumor thrombi found microscopically, the cumulative survival rates of both RC and RNC were significantly better than those of ANC and non-surgically treated patients, but in the patients with tumor thrombi found grossly, there was no difference between hepatectomy patients and non-surgically treated patients. These results indicate that surgical treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma improve the prognosis of the patients without tumor thrombi found grossly.
 ...
PMID:[Surgical treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma]. 133 15


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>