Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A triple-bridge, indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for demonstrating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in frozen, ethanol-fixed or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens was evaluated. Examination of 359 tissue specimens--234 malignant tumors, 37 benign neoplasms, 41 nonneoplastic diseased tissues, and 47 normal specimens--showed that CEA could usually be demonstrated in a group of cancers. We could detect CEA in carcinomas of the stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, and cervix. However, malignant tumors of the breast, prostate, kidney, larynx, brain, lymphoreticular system, soft tissues, and skin proved negative for CEA by the immunoperoxidase test. CEA could be detected in ethanol- or formalin-fixed sections. The only nonmalignant specimens showing CEA staining were a few benign tumors, the mucosae of some cases of colitis, and the resection margins of 2 cases of colon cancer; however, these were commonly very weak reactions. Measurement of tumor CEA content by radioimmunoassay revealed two causes for this relative specificity of the immunoperoxidase test for CEA:1) a quantitative difference existed in tissue CEA among the various specimens, and 2) the threshold for CEA staining in malignant specimens was usually above that in nonmalignant specimens. An analysis of the formalin-paraffin-treated sections showed that immunoperoxidase-tested CEA positivity reflected CEA levels in tissue of at least 3.0-5.0 mug/g; this permitted retrospective estimates of minimal tissue CEA concentrations in older histopathologic specimens by the immunoperoxidase reaction method. Formalin-paraffin-treated sections as old as 10 years still had demonstrable CEA. Although tumor CEA concentration correlated well with immunoperoxidase staining for CEA, plasma CEA titer did not necessarily reflect tumor CEA content. CEA positivity in primary and secondary tumors was strongly correlated; it was less strongly correlated with level of tumor differentiation.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in histopathology: immunoperoxidase staining of conventional tissue sections. 79 93

The term ''iatrogenic disease'' means disease caused by therapy prescribed by doctors. Most such diseases are drug induced. Adverse effects of drugs have been more common in seriously ill patients who have received many drugs. Drug interaction has often been the cause. Most have been dose-related from cumulative pharmacologic effects. Reported data have been incomplete. Individual variability due to a genetic basis has been a factor. Environmental influences, such as smoking, atmospheric pollution, and hardness of the water supply may be involved. Sometimes the patient's metabolism has been impaired by concomitant liver or kidney malfunction. In such cases the drug, or its metabolites, may build up to a toxic level. A lowered threshold to the normal action of a drug is frequent among the very old and the very young. Geriatric patients have a considerable reduction in the reserve capacity of many organs. Hypersensitivity to a drug may be present. Skin rashes and eruptions are most common in this type of allergic reaction although jaundice and hemolytic anemia have followed. Polypharmacy increases the risk. Some patients make errors in taking prescribed drugs. Also, additional self-medication is common. Drug-food interactions may occur. Needed vitamins may be absorbed and eliminated by the use of liquid paraffin as a laxative. Intestinal flora-destroying antibiotics permit other organisms to grow. Alcohol is an additional hazard. Oral contraceptive use may be followed by anemia, and may react with other drugs. A list of such known reactions is given. Delayed iatrogenic neoplasia is being considered. Effects on the progeny have been shown with several drugs. Forewarning creates awareness and caution.
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PMID:Iatrogenic disease: a hazard of multiple drug therapy. 79 37

A crude extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell homogenate was found to contain three distinct bands of superoxide dismutase activity by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Activity bands migrated approximately the same distance and were inhibited by cyanide ions. Isolated mitochondria produced two bands of activity that were also inhibited by cyanid. Ethanol-chloroform treatment of the homogenate had no observable effect on these bands of activity, which suggested that the cyanide-insensitive mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity in these malignant cells was either present in concentrations below detectable levels or completely absent. Normal liver was used as a control for the detection system.
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PMID:Superoxide dismutase activity of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. 84 83

An almost purified antitumor polysaccharide fraction (SFPP) was obtained by fractional precipitation with ethanol from hot-water extract of Sargassum fulvellum. The fraction showed remarkable tumor-inhibiting effect against sarcoma-180 implanted subcutaneously in mice. The results of chemical and physical analyses suggested that the active substance may be either a sulphated peptidoglycuronoglycan or a sulphated glycuronoglycan.
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PMID:Antitumor effect of seaweeds. II. Fractionation and partial characterization of the polysaccharide with antitumor activity from Sargassum fulvellum. 91 93

The effects of magnesium deficiency on the in vivo incorporation of labeled precursors into tissue macromolecules were studied. In severe Mg deficiency developing over 4 months, total protein synthesis in spleen and thymus was depressed by 40% to 50%, while DNA synthesis was increased by as much as 350%. RNA synthesis was not significantly altered. Protein synthesis in kidney was also reduced. In the intact liver, DNA synthesis was increased and RNA synthesis reduced, but protein synthesis was unchanged. The regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy was impaired, however, which suggested that the capacity of the liver protein synthetic system was reduced. The effects of magnesium deficiency were unaltered by the ingestion of ethanol that comprised approximately 25% of total energy. Each of the organs enlarged in Mg deficiency, and the spleen was strikingly hyperplastic. The increase in splenic DNA synthesis in the presence of depressed protein synthesis may be an early stage in a lymphoproliferative process leading ultimately to neoplasia.
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PMID:Effects of magnesium deficiency on protein and nucleic acid synthesis in vivo. 92 66

Among 472 adult seizure admissions to a municipal hospital, 41% had a history of alcohol abuse. Those were predominantly men aged 40 to 50 years. The primary underlying conditions were the alcohol withdrawal state (59%) and posttraumatic seizures. The nonalcohol groups included men and women equally, commonly between 20 and 40 years old, and frequent causes were vascular disease and posttraumatic seizures. However, many patients (24% in the alcohol and 39% in the nonalcohol groups) had no demonstrable cause. Focal sizures comprised 24% of the alcohol and 20% of the nonalcohol groups. Nonalcoholic focal seizures had a tumor or vascular lesion in 47%; above age 50 the association was 60%. Alcohol-related focal seizures had such a lesion in 15%, and only 19% above age 50. Conditions associated with alcoholic focal seizures were alcohol withdrawal and posttrauma sequelae.
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PMID:Seizure admissions to a city hospital: the role of alcohol. 100 Dec 83

The epidemiological patterns for pancreatic and biliary cancers reveal more differences than similarities. Pancreatic carcinoma is common in western countries, although 2 Polynesian groups (New Zealand Maoris and native Hawaiians) have the highest rates internationally. In the United States the disease is rising in frequency, predominating in males and in blacks. The rates are elevated in urban areas, but geographic analysis uncovered no clustering of contiguous counties except in southern Louisiana. The origin of pancreatic cancer is obsure, but a twofold increased risk has been documented for cigarette smokers and diabetic patients. Alcohol, occupational agents, and dietary fat have been suspected, but not proven to be risk factors. Except for the rare hereditary form of pancreatitis, there are few clues to genetic predisposition. In contrast, the reported incidence of biliary tract cancer is highest in Latin American populations and American Indians. The tumor predominates in females around the world, except for Chinese and Japanese who show a male excess. In the United States the rates are higher in whites than blacks, and clusters of high-risk counties have been found in the north central region, the southwest, and Appalachia. The distribution of biliary tumors parallels that of cholesterol gallstones, the major risk factor for biliary cancer. Insights into biliary carcinogenesis depend upon clarification of lithogenic influences, such as pregnancy, obesity, and hyperlipoproteinemia, exogenous estrogens, familial tendencies, and ethnic-geographic factors that may reflect dietary habits. Noncalculous risk factors for biliary cancer include ulcerative colitis, clonorchiasis, Gardner's syndrome, and probably certain industrial exposures. Within the biliary tract, tumors of the gallbladder and bile duct show epidemiological distinctions. In contrast to gallbladder cancer, bile duct neoplasms predominate in males; they are less often associated with stones and more often with other risk factors. In some respects, bile duct and pancreatic tumors are alike. The male predominance of both tumors, an association between cholecystectomy and pancreatic cancer, and other considerations have prompted the notion that the same biliary carcinogens may affect the bile duct, ampulla of Vater, or, by reflux, the pancreatic duct. Various epidemiological and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to further clarify the origins of biliary tract and pancreatic cancers, but nutritional studies hold special promise in laying the groundwork for prevention of these tumors.
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PMID:Cancers of the pancreas and biliary tract: epidemiological considerations. 110 53

A case of hypoglycemic coma and benign pleural mesothelioma is described. Serum insulin levels, as measured by insulin radioimmunoassay, were appropriately suppressed and consistent with hypoglycemia. Assay of the tumor showed insulin to be undectable. The mechanisms for hypoglycemia probably included increased glucose consumption by the tumor and, more important, the inhibition of lipolysis and hepatic gluconegenesis caused by tumor release of L-tryptophan and its metabolites and/or possibly nonsuppressible insulin-like activity, soluble in acid-ethanol(NSILA-s).
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PMID:Hypoglycemic coma associated with benign pleural mesothelioma. 111 46

Ethanol-insoluble components were extracted from fresh garlic with 0.9% NaCl solution containing streptomycin and penicillin. This extract, containing approximately 10% sugar, 0.3% nitrogen, and 0.4% ash, was termed garlic sugar solution. This garlic sugar solution (Medium 1) was used as the suspending medium for Ehrlich ascites tumor cells attenuated with allicin, the main principle of garlic, and 0.9% NaCl solution containing streptomycin and penicillin (Medium 2) was also used as the suspending medium. Mice of DDD strain were immunized with the attenuated tumor cells suspended in Medium 1 or 2. After immunization, the immunized and control mice were challenged intraperitoneally with viable Ehrlich ascites tumorcells. Animals immunized with the attenuated tumor cells suspended in Medium 1 acquired significantly stronger resistance against the tumor cells than animals immunized with those suspended in Medium 2.
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PMID:Adjuvant action of garlic sugar solution in animals immunized with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells attenuated with allicin. 118 76

From the available evidence, alsohol ingestion per se does not appear to be carcinogenic. While alcoholism constitutes a major and serious social problem, it is not clear to what extent it constitutes a major health problem. We suggest that excessive alcohol ingestion coupled with a nutritional deficiency or some other insult (e.g., smoking) may be carcinogenic. Alcohol and/or several nutritional deficiencies usually associated with alcoholism have been shown to be immunosuppressive. The relationship between immunoincompetency and neoplasia has long been appreciated, and the exact role that alcohol and/or nutritional insults have in this relationship requires further investigation.
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PMID:Alcohol and alcohol-related deficiencies as carcinogens. 119 5


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