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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Krukenberg tumor, a malignant ovarian neoplasm with well defined histological characteristics, is often bilateral and secondary to a tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. We describe the case of a 44 year old woman affected by gastric cancer, who only 10 months after such diagnosis and subsequent total gastrectomy, came to our observation with ascites and bulky peritoneal involvement. During this period the patient achieved only haematochemical dosages of tumoral markers, particularly of TAG-72 which after 180 days rose to pathological values. We remark the importance of a careful clinical control and monitoring of TAG-72 for the follow-up of gastric cancer.
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PMID:The Krukenberg tumor. A case report. 165 13

We have previously demonstrated that the exposure of mouse microvascular endothelium (MME) to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) led to the increased binding of mouse mastocytoma cells (P815) to endothelial monolayers (Bereta et al., in press). In the current study we examined the possible involvement of protein kinases in TNF signal transduction in the endothelial cells. PKA does not appear to play a role in the potentiation of binding by TNF. We found that the TNF-generated signal is inhibited by H-7 and sangivamycin, but not by staurosporine. TNF did not cause translocation of PKC to the cell membrane and its effect could not be completely mimicked by PMA nor by PMA in the presence of calcium-raising agents. Thus, we concluded that the "classical" PKC pathway is not completely responsible for TNF signalling in this system. We also found that staurosporine itself strongly enhanced adhesion of tumor cells to endothelium, utilizing a mechanism distinct from that of TNF. Although the data provide evidence for the role of kinases in the effect of TNF on binding of tumor cells to MME, this role appears to be a complex one.
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PMID:Studies on the role of protein kinases in the TNF-mediated enhancement of murine tumor cell-endothelial cell interactions. 165 14

Twenty-six primary breast carcinomas were studied to evaluate cell proliferation as assessed by thymidine labeling index (TLI), and antigenic phenotype, as defined by immunohistochemistry using eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The majority of tumors had low TLI values. Reactivity to MAbs B72.3, CC49, CC83 (anti TAG 72), COL-12 (anti CEA) and MOv2 (against a tumor-associated mucoprotein) was restricted to less than 50% of the tumors studied, while MAbs B1.1 (anti CEA), MBrl and MBr8 (to tumor-associated carbohydrates) reacted with greater than 50% of the cases. Correlations between expression of TAAs and proliferative activity showed that the tumors could be divided into three groups, two characterized by either high proliferative activity and absence of antigenic expression or low proliferative activity and strong antigenic expression, and the third showing no relation between these two biological features. We defined two antigenic phenotypes associated with specific cellular kinetics: one characterized by negative immunoreaction with MAbs, CC49, CC83 and COL-12 and high proliferative activity; the other characterized by intense immunoreactivity with these antibodies and low proliferative activity. The data suggest that cell proliferation and antigenic phenotype may define biologic subsets of breast carcinomas.
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PMID:Cell kinetics and tumor-associated antigen expression in human mammary carcinomas. 166 63

Activated granulocytes play an important role in propagation of the inflammatory response by production of reactive oxygen species and release of their granule content. Hyperactivation of these cells is suggested to result in deterioration of wound healing and, probably, increase of cicatrization. Pantothenic acid and its stable salt form, Ca-Panthotenate, were shown to significantly improve surgical wound healing. Therefore, in the present study the modulating effect of Ca-pantothenic acid to subsequent stimulation with a variety of stimuli was investigated on isolated human PMN using functional assay systems: Lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), release of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Ca-Panthotenate significantly inhibited the CL response of PMN upon stimulation with the chemotactic petide f-met-leu-phe, the tumor promotor PMA, and the granulocyte activating cytokines GM-CSF and TNF alpha at a concentration range of 5 to 50 mM, but not upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan. Moreover, Ca-Panthotenate significantly inhibited the release of myeloperoxidase from PMN upon stimulation with f-met-leu-phe at a concentration of 5 mM. In contrast, Ca-Panthotenate did not directly activate PMN in the assay systems tested. These in vitro results support the concept of an anti-inflammatory action of Ca-Panthotenate in vivo.
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PMID:Effect of Ca-panthotenate on human granulocyte oxidative metabolism. 166 12

Radioactive antibodies that react with tumour-associated antigens to "tag" antigen-positive tumour cell deposits were given to 20 patients with primary or recurrent colorectal cancer. The tumour associated antigen TAG 72-specific monoclonal antibody B72.3 labelled with 125-Iodine was used, and the radioactivity in the tumour was sought during operation with a hand-held gamma detecting probe. Tumour was detected by the probe in 7 of 15 patients with primary cancer, with a mean tumour: normal tissue ratio of 3.9, and in 4 of 5 patients with recurrent disease, with a mean tumour: normal tissue ratio of 2.0. Immunohistochemical analysis of surgical specimens confirmed the results of the intraoperative detection. The incidence of TAG 72-positive tumours (11/20, 55%), detected by immunohistochemistry, was lower than the 80% in the other series, possibly because of sampling errors or because the cases studied were uncomplicated with small primary tumours. Results obtained with the probe were instrumental in modifying the operation in two of the four "positive" patients with recurrences, allowing the removal of tumour masses that would otherwise have been overlooked.
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PMID:Surgery for colorectal cancer guided by radiodetecting probe. Clinical evaluation using monoclonal antibody B72.3. 168 38

Tumor targeting by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) can be enhanced by (a) increasing the percentage of injected dose taken up by the tumor and/or (b) increasing the tumor:nontumor ratios. Several groups have demonstrated that one can increase tumor to nontumor ratios by the use of antibody fragments or the administration of second antibodies. Several other modalities are also possible: (a) the use of recombinant interferons to up-regulate the expression of specific tumor associated antigens such as carcinoembryonic antigen or TAG-72 on the surface of carcinoma cells and thus increase MAb tumor binding has proved successful in both in vitro and in vivo studies; (b) the intracavitary administration of MAbs. Recent studies have demonstrated that when radiolabeled B72.3 is administered i.p. to patients with carcinoma of the peritoneal cavity, it localizes tumor masses with greater efficiency than does concurrent i.v. administered antibody. Studies involving the comparative pharmacology of intracavitary administration of radiolabeled MAb in patients and several animal models will be discussed; (c) it has been reported that prior exposure of hepatoma to external beam radiation will increase radiolabeled MAb tumor targeting. We and others have not been able to duplicate this phenomenon with a human colon cancer xenograft model and radiolabeled MAbs to two different colon carcinoma associated antigens. The possible reasons for these differences will be discussed; (d) the cloning and expression of recombinant MAbs with human constant regions and subsequent size modification constructs will also undoubtedly alter the pharmacology of MAb tumor binding in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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PMID:Innovations that influence the pharmacology of monoclonal antibody guided tumor targeting. 168 34

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 has been shown to be of potential utility in the management of human carcinoma via its use in (a) the targeting of carcinoma lesions in colorectal and ovarian cancer patients, (b) immunohistochemical analyses of biopsies and effusions, and (c) serum assays to help define the presence of carcinoma. The B72.3-reactive antigen, designated tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), has been characterized as a high molecular weight glycoprotein with the properties of a mucin. We report here the utilization of MAb B72.3 and 18 second generation MAbs (generated using purified TAG-72 obtained from a colon carcinoma xenograft as immunogen) to construct a serological map of the TAG-72 molecule. The generation and initial characterization of 10 of the second generation MAbs have been described previously; in addition, eight previously unreported MAbs were used. All 19 MAbs produced immune precipitate lines against purified TAG-72 in double immunodiffusion, indicating that each epitope recognized by a single MAb is present at least twice on the TAG-72 molecule. Immunodepletion analyses utilizing 11 of the anti-TAG-72 MAbs indicated that each recognizes the same molecule or population of molecules. Nineteen competition radioimmunoassays were developed and 19 purified competitor immunoglobulins were used in each assay. The patterns of cross-competition indicated the presence of a complex array of tumor-associated epitopes on the TAG-72 molecule. Some of the MAbs recognized epitopes that were structurally or spatially related to one another, but none appeared to recognize identical epitopes. The spectrum of inhibitory reactivities of these MAbs for TAG-72 binding varied from extremely restricted to more broad inhibition. The serological mapping studies reported here provide information as to the range and nature of the epitopes expressed on the TAG-72 molecule, help form the basis for selecting alternative anti-TAG-72 MAbs for use in potential clinical applications, and further define the nature of this oncofetal antigen.
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PMID:Serological mapping of the TAG-72 tumor-associated antigen using 19 distinct monoclonal antibodies. 169 62

Monoclonal antibody B72.3 identifies a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) epitope derived from a human breast carcinoma metastasis. Recently, expression of this epitope was noted in normal endometrium during the secretory, but not proliferative, menstrual interval. In light of known hormonal control of normal endometrial growth and differentiation, we investigated in vitro expression of TAG-72 epitope in purified endometrial epithelium cultured under serum-free conditions on Matrigel biomatrix. Cells from secretory endometrium exhibited homogeneous tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 epitope expression. Unexpectedly, epithelium from the proliferative interval developed expression after 5 to 6 days of culture. Epithelial cells from both intervals maintained expression over 12 days of culture without exogenous estradiol and progesterone. Spontaneous, uniform expression of tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 epitope by normal endometrial epithelial cells in vitro is in marked contrast to the cyclic, heterogeneous expression observed in vivo. Such expression also differs from published in vitro observations of cancer cell lines that express this epitope.
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PMID:Epithelial cells from normal human endometrium express a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) epitope in vitro. 169 80

The distinction between serous neoplasms of the peritoneum in women and conventional mesothelioma can be difficult. In order to determine any significant immunohistochemical differences, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 10 peritoneal serous tumors (PST), 10 ovarian serous tumors (OST), and 10 epithelial mesotheliomas were evaluated with a panel of 10 antibodies directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA: polyclonal, monoclonal), high molecular weight keratin (34 beta E12), low molecular weight keratin (35 beta H11), Leu-M1, TAG-72 (monoclonal antibody B72.3), human milk fat globulin (HMFG-2), vimentin, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), and S-100 protein. The antibodies CEA, Leu-M1, and B72.3 had the most discriminatory value in differentiating serous tumors from mesothelioma. Eighty-five percent of PSTs and OSTs (17 of 20) were positive with CEA, Leu-M1, and/or B72.3. None of the mesotheliomas stained for CEA or Leu-M1; three mesotheliomas had very focal positivity with B72.3 (1% or less). Vimentin, PLAP, HMGF-2, keratin, and S-100 had no significant discriminatory value. Epithelial mucin was present in 80% of serous tumors, while the mesotheliomas lacked epithelial mucin. Leu-M1, CEA, and/or B72.3 positivity in a peritoneal tumor supports a diagnosis of serous tumor. However, since some PST do not stain for any of the three antibodies and the focal nature of positive reactions in some cases may be difficult to interpret, exclusion of mesotheliomas is enhanced by the use of mucin stains.
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PMID:A comparative immunohistochemical study of peritoneal and ovarian serous tumors, and mesotheliomas. 169 23

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) COL-4 and COL-12, to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and B72.3, CC-49, CC-83, to the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), were used to study the expression of distinct epitopes of the two molecules in 71 cases of lung carcinoma of differing histotype. These MAbs reacted with the majority of adenocarcinomas by immunoperoxidase on tissue sections, but demonstrated a more restricted reactivity with squamous carcinomas. MAb CC-49 detected the highest percentages of adenocarcinoma cells while the B72.3 epitope was expressed more in squamous carcinoma cells. No significant reactivity with any of these MAbs was observed in small cell carcinomas. The expression of the CEA and TAG-72 epitopes in non-small cell lung cancers was highly heterogeneous: a distinct epitopes in non-small cell lung cancers was highly heterogeneous: a distinct epitope could be expressed by the majority of cells, whereas another of the same antigenic molecule was either poorly or not expressed. In adenocarcinomas, mixtures of anti-CEA, anti-TAG-72, and anti-(TAG-72 plus CEA) MAbs resulted in additive reactivity with an increase of the immunopositive tumors and of the percentages of immunostained cells. This was particularly evident for the anti-(TAG-72 plus CEA) mixture. In squamous cell carcinomas the increase was modest and was mainly related to anti-TAG-72 reactivity. These studies suggest variability in the antigenic structure of tumor-associated antigens expressed by carcinomas and indicate that anti-(TAG-72 plus CEA) mixtures may represent an immunological adjunct for clinical application in adenocarcinoma patients. On the other hand, TAG-72 should be considered a better target antigen, as compared to CEA, in the detection of squamous cell carcinomas.
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PMID:Complementary reactivities of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen and antitumor-associated glycoprotein 72 monoclonal antibodies in lung carcinomas. 169 47


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