Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy and side-effects of megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were compared in a prospectively randomized study. The dosage of MA was 2 X 80 mg p.o. or MPA 2 X 500 mg p.o. daily, given as a secondary hormonal treatment, mostly after previous treatment with tamoxifen. Ninety-eight patients entered the study and 92 were evaluable for effect, 48 patients on MA and 44 on MPA. Age, main tumor site and prior treatment were not different, but there was a preponderance of ER-negative tumors in the MA group. Responses appeared to be more frequent in the MPA-treated group (25% vs. 43%), predominantly in bone lesions, 12% for MA and 45% for MPA. Median progression-free survival was comparable, 15 vs. 10 months, and overall survival was not different (20 vs. 16 months). Toxicity was frequent, occurring in 83% vs. 74% of patients: increased appetite, nausea and dizziness in more than 20%, and a preponderance of pyrosis and breathlessness on MA and hot flashes, sweating and tremors on MPA. Cushingoid symptoms were present in about a quarter of the patients treated for more than 3 months. The occurrence of thrombo-embolic episodes and cardiovascular events was evenly distributed. Patients on MPA had more often increase in body weight, systolic blood pressure and serum creatinine than those treated with MA. It is concluded that MPA may be more effective for treatment of bone metastases, at the expense of more progestational side-effects. The occurrence of Cushingoid effects is frequent but similar in both arms, while the incidence of cardiovascular or thrombo-embolic events cannot be related to the use of either compound.
 ...
PMID:A randomized comparison of megestrol acetate (MA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in patients with advanced breast cancer. 214 91

Two hundred sixteen patients with unresectable non-small cell lung carcinoma were randomly allocated to receive etoposide (120 mg/m2, days 1-3) either alone or in combination with high-dose cisplatin (60 mg/m2, days 1-2). The patients' distribution and characteristics were similar in the two treatment arms. The objective response rate for etoposide was 7% versus 25.8% for etoposide plus cisplatin (P less than 0.005). Median progression-free survival in etoposide arm was 3.5 months versus 5 months in the combination arm (P = 0.43). The median survival time for etoposide was 6 months compared with 8 months for etoposide combined with cisplatin (P = 0.87). Significantly more nausea/vomiting (P less than 0.005), serum creatinine elevation (P less than 0.005), hearing loss and/or tinnitus (P less than 0.005), peripheral neuropathy (P less than 0.005), leukopenia (P less than 0.025), and anemia (P less than 0.005) occurred in the etoposide plus cisplatin arm. No statistically significant difference was recorded between the two arms in terms of performance status changes. In conclusion the addition of high-dose cisplatin to single-agent etoposide significantly increases the chance of obtaining tumor response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer at the cost of an increased toxicity without any significant long-term impact on survival and progression-free survival.
 ...
PMID:Etoposide versus etoposide plus high-dose cisplatin in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Results of a prospective randomized FONICAP trial. Italian Lung Cancer Task Force. 216 39

It has been reported that unilateral nephrectomy causes acceleration of the growth of a Wistar/Furth rat Wilms tumor. We studied this phenomenon in parabiotic rats by measuring tumor growth after either sham nephrectomy, or excision of 1, 2 or 3 kidneys. We observed no stimulation of tumor growth in the experimental groups. Renal function was significantly decreased after removal of 2 or 3 kidneys. Serum creatinine levels were significantly different between right and left members of parabiotic pairs in these 2 groups. The effect of unilateral and bilateral nephrectomy on tumor growth in single rats also was examined. In these rats progressive increases in tumor growth were observed after unilateral and bilateral nephrectomy. Our inability to demonstrate a tumor-stimulating factor in the parabiotic model may be due partly to incomplete sharing of humoral factors between parabionts. Serum transfer studies in vitro may prove more fruitful in demonstrating such a factor.
 ...
PMID:Influence of nephrectomy on the growth of a murine Wilms tumor: a study using parabiotic rats. 216 86

In this problem-oriented review of abnormalities associated with cancer, we have emphasized distinctive diagnostic points related to pathogenesis for each condition and outlined how the approach to management is determined by pathogenesis. For abnormalities of the complete blood count, it is important to distinguish between abnormalities directly related to marrow malignancy and abnormalities associated with extramarrow malignancy. Hemopoietic tumors consist of developmentally deficient blood cells produced by a clonal population of malignant stem cells. Tumors infiltrating marrow cause overcrowding in the limited marrow microenviroment. Extramarrow malignancies cause blood abnormalities, but the potential for normal marrow function is present. Abnormalities of blood cells secondary to therapy are usually clearly identified by consideration of clinical history. The initial differential diagnosis for hypercalcemia is malignancy. An aggressive diagnostic approach may be needed to identify the neoplasm, and therapy should incorporate measures to prevent renal failure. Hypoproteinemia and hyperproteinemia may be caused by neoplasia. Monoclonal gammopathies should be identified and may be associated with hyperviscosity syndrome. Hypoglycemia in the adult animal is most frequently caused by insulin-secreting tumors, but it has also been associated with hepatic and other tumors. Increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipase, amylase, and liver enzyme activities may also be caused by malignancy. Inadequate urine concentrating ability may be caused by hypercalcemia or malignancy-associated renal insufficiency. Hematuria in older animals is suggestive of urinary tract neoplasia. Exfoliated tumor cells may be identified in the urine sediment of these patients.
 ...
PMID:Laboratory abnormalities in patients with cancer. 219 37

Recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL-2) was administered by s.c. injection daily, 5 days/week to patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in an escalating dose regimen. Fifteen patients were entered in this study and are evaluable for toxicity with one patient not evaluable for response because of lack of measurable disease. The patient population had a median age of 63 years with initial performance status (Southwest Oncology Group criteria) of 0 in one patient, 1 in eight patients, and 2 in six patients. The starting dose was 5 x 10(5) Cetus units/m2/day with dose escalation to 1 x 10(6), 2 x 10(6), 4 x 10(6), and 5 x 10(6) Cetus units/m2/day scheduled at 2-week intervals if no significant toxicity or response was noted. Six patients were treated with drug doses of 2 x 10(6) Cetus units/m2/day or higher with a maximum daily dose achieved of 2 x 10(6) units/m2 in two patients, 4 x 10(6) units/m2 in two patients, and 5 x 10(6) units/m2 in two patients. Fatigue with decrease in performance status and elevations in serum creatinine were the most common reasons for limiting the dose or removing a patient from the study. Only one minor anti-tumor response was seen. Subcutaneously administered rIL-2 was able to alter immunological parameters. In two of the three patients tested, development of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity in vivo was seen, and statistically significant enhancement of natural killer cell activity compared to values from a concurrently run normal control was demonstrated. With treatment, there was a trend toward increased numbers of circulating total lymphocytes, OKT 8+, OKT 11+, Leu 7+, and Leu 11a+ cells and decreased numbers of circulating OKT 3+ and OKT 4+ cells. However, for the heterogeneous group of six patients monitored, results were not statistically significant compared to pretreatment values. The levels of rIL-2-specific antibodies were followed in the sera of 10 patients. Six of the 10 developed rIL-2-specific IgG during treatment with five of the six patients also developing neutralizing activity. Recombinant human interleukin 2 given by the s.c. route in the doses and schedule used in this trial can safely be given as an outpatient regimen with manageable toxicity. It may result in enhanced immune function in some patients but also results in a high incidence of antibody formation.
 ...
PMID:Subcutaneous recombinant interleukin 2 in a dose escalating regimen in patients with metastatic renal cell adenocarcinoma. 220 37

2-Phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one (ebselen) is classified as a relatively nontoxic selenium compound, probably because of its bound selenium moiety. In thiol-rich tissues, such as the kidneys, ebselen is converted into selenol intermediates. Selenols are nucleophilic agents which might be able to react with platinum compounds. The influence of ebselen on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin)-induced nephrotoxicity in mice was assessed, using single doses of both compounds. Ebselen prevented cisplatin-induced elevations of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels and morphological kidney damage in BALB/c mice. This protective effect of ebselen was dose dependent: at a cisplatin dose of 14.5 mg/kg, maximal protection was achieved when a single dose of 10 mg of ebselen/kg was administered 1 h before cisplatin. Administration of ebselen, 10 mg/kg, 1 h after cisplatin also protected against severe nephrotoxicity. Treatment with ebselen did not reduce the antitumor activity of cisplatin against MPC 11 plasmacytoma or Prima breast tumor in BALB/c mice. However, this reduction of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity would be of little clinical value if it was achieved at toxic doses of ebselen. Ebselen, 10 mg/kg, did not induce blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase, or serum glutamic oxalate elevations in the mice. These results are in agreement with the reported low toxicity of ebselen, which is now in Phase I clinical trials as an antiinflammatory drug. The present results indicate that ebselen may provide protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, when it is given before or after cisplatin. This might open new perspectives in cancer chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Selective reduction of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) nephrotoxicity by ebselen. 220 70

Ultrasonic examination of the kidney was performed on 280 patients undergoing chronic dialysis. Acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) was detected in 107 of 529 kidneys (20.2%). This paper presents an analysis of ultrasonotomograms of ACDK. Ultrasonic measurement of the size of ACDK was 72.5 +/- 15.2 mm in length and 41.7 +/- 9.8 mm in thickness. The size of ACDK was significantly greater than that of contracted kidneys by ultrasonographic diagnosis. With regard to sex distinction the length and thickness of ACDK were significantly greater in males than in females. As for laboratory data, patients with ACDK showed significantly higher values of red blood cell count, hematocrit and serum creatinine concentration compared with contracted kidneys. Prolongation of the dialysis peirod increased the incidence of ACDK. The size of ACDK showed a tendency to increase with duration of dialysis. However, no correlation was noted statistically between the incidence of ACDK and duration of dialysis and between the size of ACDK and duration of dialysis. There was a significantly lower incidence of ACDK in patients with diabetic nephropathy than those with chronic glomerulonephritis. A sonographic feature of ACDK is irregularity of the renal contour because of cystic transformation. Renal imaging, identification of the corticomedullary border, identification of the central echoes and increased parenchymal echogenicity were similar to other dialyzed kidneys. The main complications of ACDK are hemorrhage and tumor formation. We observed two retroperitoneal hematomas and one renal cell carcinoma developed within two years after this examination. The incidence of complications of ACDK was 5.1 per cent. We believe that patients with ACDK should be watched carefully by regular ultrasonic examination for early diagnosis and treatment of these complications.
 ...
PMID:[Ultrasonographic study on kidneys in patients with chronic renal failure. Part II. Acquired cystic disease of the kidneys]. 223 9

A total of 25 patients with inoperable cervical cancer were treated by daily radiotherapy (2 Gy); sensitisation was obtained by administration of 5 mg cisplatin 30 min before each irradiation session. The total cumulative dose of cisplatin varied between 50 and 150 mg. A complete kinetic profile (0-24 h) of platinum (Pt) was established after the first dose and at the end of treatment for 22 patients. Pt was quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using Zeeman-effect background correction for trace analysis. The total Pt AUC0-24h increased from 1.53 +/- 0.77 to 7 +/- 3.55 micrograms.h.ml-1 between the start and the end of treatment (P less than 0.001). Ultrafilterable Pt (Pt UF) rose from 0.079 +/- 0.038 to 0.138 +/- 0.095 microgram.h.ml-1 (P less than 0.01). Elimination half-lives were unchanged for total Pt but rose for Pt UF; these kinetic modifications in Pt UF did not correlate with any significant change in individual serum creatinine levels. No clear correlation was found between the cumulative cisplatin dose and tumor levels measured in 13 patients, and the tumor cisplatin dose did not correlate with response to treatment. Patients with hematological toxicity were characterised by an increase in their residual Pt UF level during treatment. Overall, our findings strengthen the notion of Pt UF kinetic variability during repeated treatment.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin given at a daily low dose as a radiosensitiser. 224 93

In 1973, mass screening program for 6-month old infants for early detection of neuroblastoma using a VMA spot test of a urine sample was initiated in Kyoto. In 1985, nation wide mass screening was initiated throughout the entire country and the Government has given the financial support to each district. In 1988, the Government recommended the institution of mass screening by quantitative measurements of VMA, HVA and creatinine using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), instead of the qualitative test of VMA alone. From 1974, at the time of initiation of mass screening for neuroblastoma to the end of October, 1989, 383 cases with this tumor have been discovered throughout the screening program. Three hundreds eighty three cases (88%) of them had been registered to the Neuroblastoma Committee of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Oncology. In this paper, the mass screening program was introduced and the 337 cases with this tumor detected by 6-month old screening were analyzed their clinical symptoms, findings, urinary VMA and HVA levels, primary sites, weights of primary tumor, histology, stages at diagnosis, metastatic sites, and the results of the treatment. Three hundreds twenty eight cases (97%) of them are expected to be cured. And we discussed clinical problems related to mass screening program for neuroblastoma, such as an increase of the incidence of infantile neuroblastomas detected by this program and the spontaneous regression.
 ...
PMID:[Present status of neuroblastoma mass screening in Japan. Neuroblastoma-Committee of the Japanese Childhood Cancer Society]. 226 Aug 68

We investigated the clinical significance of the serum S100ao protein in patients with urogenital diseases. The serum levels of S100ao protein were measured in 179 patients with urogenital diseases and 180 healthy volunteers. The mean value of S100ao protein in serum from healthy volunteers was 203 +/- 107 pg/ml (Mean +/- SD). Therefore, the cut-off level was set to 524 pg/ml (Mean +/- 3SD). The levels of S100ao protein in serum were significantly higher in men than in women (P less than 0.05). The levels of S100ao protein in serum were significantly high in the patients in their fifties and sixties compared with the other patients (P less than 0.01). When serum levels exceeding the cut-off level were considered to be positive, the percentages of positivity in each disease were as follows: renal cell carcinoma; 38.7%, bladder tumor; 9.1%, prostatic carcinoma; 12.5%, testicular tumor; 0%, benign prostatic hypertrophy; 7.4%, urolithiasis; 7.1% and chronic renal failure; 100%. The levels of S100ao protein in serum were significantly correlated with those of BUN, serum creatinine and endogenous creatinine clearance, respectively. S100ao protein in serum was increased immediately after operation and returned to the normal range within one to two weeks after operation. As described above, the level of S100ao protein in serum was affected by renal function, operative procedures and age. However, the positive rate of S100ao protein was so high in patients with renal cell carcinoma that serum S100ao protein might be a valuable tumor marker in those patients.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of serum S100ao protein in patients with urogenital diseases and healthy volunteers]. 226 39


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>