Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the group of 78 patients with multiple myeloma a comparison of the clinical significance of measured and corrected serum beta 2-microglobulin levels was carried out. There was confirmed a significant relationship between serum beta 2-microglobulin and serum creatinine levels. Pretreatment and follow-up of uncorrected serum beta 2-microglobulin levels were useful in confirming tumor mass grade (assessed according to Durie and Salmon or the British Medical Research Council) and survival prediction. No gain was evident from correcting the serum beta 2-microglobulin for the level of serum creatinine (according to Cassuto et al or Garewal et al).
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of correction of serum beta 2-microglobulin levels for serum creatinine in multiple myeloma. 184 Mar 47

Hypercalciuria has been reported in rats with mild hyperprolactinemia due to implantation of anterior pituitary glands under the kidney capsule and in rats bearing transplantable tumors that secrete large amounts of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH). We studied Buffalo rats implanted subcutaneously with the new MMQ pituitary tumor line that secretes only PRL. Urinary calcium excretion increased as the tumors grew. Three weeks after tumor implantation in female rats, the urinary calcium excretion was 1.102 +/- 0.092 mg/100 g body weight (BW).24 hours compared with controls, 0.296 +/- 0.079, P less than .0005. Male tumor-bearing rats also had increased urinary calcium excretion compared with male controls. In tumor-bearing rats the urinary calcium excretion factored for urinary sodium excretion, dietary calcium intake, or urinary creatinine excretion was elevated. Urinary calcium excretion was correlated with serum PRL levels and with estimated tumor volume. Serum calcium, immunoassayable parathyroid hormone, and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion were normal in the tumor-bearing rats. There was some evidence of loss of bone calcium in rats bearing the MMQ tumor, and serum levels of calcitonin were decreased. These results are similar to those found in anterior pituitary-grafted hypercalciuric rats. It is unlikely that parathyroid hormone (PTH) abnormalities are responsible for the hypercalciuria in the MMQ-bearing rats. The pituitary gland may have an effect on the distal renal tubule to decrease calcium reabsorption.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalciuria in a new rat model of hyperprolactinemia. 184 86

The consultants all agree to treat this patient who has a seemingly poor prognosis. However, they disagree as to the method and order of treatment. A patient's nutritional status is taken seriously by all 3 experts, although no one would delay surgery to correct a patient's weight loss. Drs. Komisar and Miller consider a weight loss of 10% significant and prefer to assess a patient with lymphocyte counts, serum albumin and transferrin levels, and creatinine/height index. Dr. Osguthorope follows serum hemoglobin, transferrin, prealbumin, and albumin levels. All the experts prefer an enteral route for weight gain. With regard to diagnosis, the experts agree that endoscopy plays an important role in tumor staging. Drs. Komisar and Osguthorpe believe that a tracheotomy should be performed prior to endoscopy. Dr. Miller would prefer intubation with an endotracheal tube but if there were any question of safety, he would proceed with a tracheotomy under local anesthesia. Confirming the histology of the pulmonary lesion is important. Dr. Komisar would proceed with flexible bronchoscopy and if tissue could not be obtained with this method he would obtain a fine-needle biopsy. He believes that if the histology matches that of the larynx, the pulmonary lesion is a metastasis. Dr. Osguthorpe would also obtain a needle biopsy of the lung lesion. If no other lesions are seen on the CT, he would consider this a second primary. Dr. Miller states that unless the histologies are different, the question of primary vs metastatic disease is unanswerable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Obstructing laryngeal carcinoma with a simultaneous lung lesion. 186 41

CA 19-9 is a monoclonal antibody-defined tumor marker expressed by exocrine pancreas. It has been shown that exocrine atrophy was associated with deficiency. Hyperamylasemia has been described during ketoacidosis. Our study aimed at investigating the relationships between CA 19-9 and metabolic control of diabetes. Study was performed on 51 adult consecutive diabetic patients (21 type 1 and 30 type 2), with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolarity (group A, n = 15), poor glycaemic control (group B, n = 19), or good control (group C, n = 17). Serum CA 19-9 and metabolic parameters were evaluated on day 1 and day 30. Analysis of variance showed a very significant global difference between groups for CA 19-9 (p less than 0.0001); group A (66.1 +/- 11.4 u/ml) significantly differed from group B (36.4 +/- 4 u/ml) (p less than 0.01) and group C (22.4 +/- 2.8 u/ml) (p less than 0.001). Simple regression showed a significant correlation between CA 19-9 and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.6, p less than 0.001), plasma creatinine level (r = 0.37, p = 0.01), bicarbonate (r = 0.47, p = 0.001) and HbA 1c (r = 0.33, p = 0.032). The Ca 19-9 decrease on day 30 paralleled the improvement of glycaemic control. We conclude that CA 19-9 in diabetic patients is raised in acute metabolic situations and correlated very well with blood glucose concentration. A careful interpretation of this tumor marker assay is required when screening for pancreatic carcinoma among diabetic patients. CA 19-9 could be a useful and sensitive marker for the severity of exocrine damage and functional cellular disorders following metabolic disturbances in diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Influence of metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus on serum CA 19-9 tumor marker. 190 32

The effect of implantation of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells on creatine distribution was investigated. It was also studied how depletion of creatine by feeding creatine-analogue beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA) affects the growth of EAT cells in mice. Enhanced mobilization of creatine from host tissues to EAT cells against a greater concentration gradient was observed. The creatine (but not creatinine) level in blood plasma was lowered to 22% of the normal value by beta-GPA feeding alone and assimilation of 14C-creatine into EAT cells was inhibited. The growth of EAT cells was significantly reduced and the duration of survival of mice after implantation of EAT cells was extended when the creatine concentration was decreased. A decrease in daily food consumption and the degree of muscle atrophy after implantation of EAT cells was less in beta-GPA than control groups. In the creatine-depleted mice, the rate of increase in total EAT cell number and the volume of abdominal ascites were approximately half of the control values, and more dead EAT cells were observed. These results suggest that supplementation of beta-GPA inhibits creatine transfer to EAT cells and reduces the growth of cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:Reduced growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in creatine depleted mice fed beta-guanidinopropionic acid. 191 84

Hyperphosphatemia (HP) is usually seen in patients with hypoparathyroidism, renal failure, and tumor lysis. The authors described a patient with HP due to a phosphate-binding immunoglobulin (Ig). An 86-year-old woman had serum phosphate levels as high as 4.75 mmol/l, (normal, 0.77 to 1.45 mmol/l). Serum ionized calcium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and N-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were normal, but serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level was subnormal at less than 12 pmol/l (normal, 36 to 146 pmol/l). Serum total protein was elevated at 105 g/l (normal, 60 to 80 g/l), and additional studies confirmed a diagnosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) multiple myeloma. Results of in vitro studies using anti-human IgG antibodies showed that the IgG of the patient bound inorganic phosphate. Several isolated case reports have documented spurious HP due to interference of the paraprotein in the routine serum phosphate assay. In only one patient, however, has actual binding of phosphate to a myeloma protein been documented. The studies of the authors document phosphate binding by an IgG paraprotein and suggest that in this setting HP may be of physiologic significance as evidenced by depressed serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
 ...
PMID:Hyperphosphatemia in multiple myeloma due to a phosphate-binding immunoglobulin. 191 79

In a population-based randomized study comparing 150 patients with advanced prostatic cancer treated with orchiectomy or estrogen, some possible prognostic factors were analyzed. The observation period was 78 to 114 months. M category, T category, tumor grade, performance status, pain, prostatic acid phosphatase, sedimentation rate, hemoglobin and serum creatinine level were all statistically significantly related to the interval to progression and to disease-specific death on univariate analyses. Variables that were statistically significant on multivariate analyses were M category, T category, sedimentation rate and patient age. The sedimentation rate predicted the intervals to progression and to disease-specific death, with the relative hazard and 95% confidence interval for the latter end point being 1.018 (range 1.010 to 1.027) for each millimeter increase in sedimentation rate per hour. An analysis that was stratified according to the extent of the disease as measured on a bone scan showed that the sedimentation rate was the only prognostic factor of statistical significance with an estimate of relative hazard of 1.52 if the sedimentation rate was elevated 20 mm. per hour. Progression-free survival but not disease-specific survival was statistically significantly better in the estrogen group (relative hazard 0.47), as assessed by multivariate analysis in which all variables were taken into account.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors in progression-free survival and corrected survival in patients with advanced prostatic cancer: results from a randomized study comprising 150 patients treated with orchiectomy or estrogens. 194 84

Fifteen patients aged over 65 years of age with advanced non-small-cl lung cancer (mean age = 70.7, stage IIIb: IV = 4:11) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of Cisplatin (50 or 80 mg/m2) and a vinca-alkaloid (Vindesine 3 mg/m2 or Etoposide 80 mg/m2). The effectiveness and side effects of this cisplatin therapy in different combinations of vinca-alkaloid regimens (Vindesine vs Etoposide) were examined. The mean dose of Cisplatin in the Etoposide combination group (75.2 mg/m2) was significantly higher than that in the Vindesine combination group (54.3 mg/m2) (p less than 0.01). A notable reduction the tumor size was observed in 25% of the Etoposide group, only. The 6-month survival rate and one-year survival rate were respectively 85.7%, 57.1% in the Vindesine + Cisplatin group, and 87.5%, 50% in the Etoposide + Cisplatin group. The common side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and alopecia. These symptoms were either alleviated by antiemetic drugs or followed by spontaneous recovery. Leucopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in both groups, and there was no difference in the time course of myelosuppression between the two groups. The extent of nephrotoxicity was assessed by creatinine clearance rate. Its decrease in the Vindesine group (60.1----38.9 ml/min) was higher than that in the Etoposide group (64.9----48.9 ml/min), while there was no significant change in BUN, serum creatinine and urine NAG between the two groups. There were no cases in which chemotherapy schedules had to be interrupted due to myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Cisplatin and vinca alkaloid combination chemotherapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the aged]. 196 86

Renal function was prospectively analyzed in 26 evaluable patients, irradiated to various doses on their kidneys for neoplastic disease. Glomerular function was assessed by 99mTc-DTPA renography, creatinine clearance, and serum beta 2-microglobulin, whereas tubular function was monitored by 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy, urine beta 2-microglobulin, urine N-acetyl glucosaminidase, and alanine aminopeptidase and a urine concentration test. In the patients given the highest irradiation dose to the entire left kidney, that is, 40 Gy in 5 1/2 weeks, glomerular and tubular functional impairment, as assessed scintigraphically, progressed at a rate of 2.0 +/- 1.0% (+/- 1 SD) and 2.0 +/- 0.5% per month, respectively, down to 30-40% after 3 to 5 years. The overall glomerular function, as assessed by creatinine clearance, decreased by only 20%. In the patients irradiated unilaterally on the upper pole to 40 Gy in 4 weeks, glomerular and tubular function in the left kidney deteriorated at 0.75 +/- 0.33% and 0.75 +/- 0.20% per month in the first 2 years, down to 75-80% at 5 years. This smaller reduction was due to shielding of a part of the left kidney. No changes were observed, thus far, after bilateral whole kidney irradiation to 17-18 Gy in 3 1/2 weeks. The concentration capacity of the kidney after total volume irradiation was not impaired. There was a trend for an increase in diastolic blood pressure in 3 out of 5 patients given the high dose irradiation to the entire left kidney and in 2 out of 7 patients irradiated on the upper pole of the left kidney. The progressive nature of the radiation nephropathy stresses the need for long term follow-up to determine more accurately the "tolerance dose" of the human kidney for irradiation.
 ...
PMID:Radiation injury in the human kidney: a prospective analysis using specific scintigraphic and biochemical endpoints. 197 15

The distribution of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) was studied in 21 patients with intracerebral metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer after CDDP 100 mg/sq m i.v. or i.a. administration for 20 minutes using an infusion pump during surgery. Surgical tissue specimens of tumor and edematous brain tissue adjacent to tumor were obtained with whole blood soon after CDDP administration and assayed for total platinum using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The pharmacological distribution rates were represented as the brain/plasma, tumor/plasma and tumor/brain ratios. No statistical differences in the CDDP concentrations in the plasma were found between i.a. and i.v. administrations. The platinum concentration in edematous brain tissue adjacent to the tumor was always lower than the platinum concentration in the metastatic intracerebral tumor. No differences were noted for the brain/plasma ratio in the brain tissue adjacent to the tumor between the two administration methods (i.a.: 0.38 +/- 0.09, n = 8; i.v.: 0.43 +/- 0.13, n = 11, M +/- S.E.). However, two cases who each underwent two different administration courses showed i.a. to be pharmacologically advantageous since it resulted in a 2-to-7 times higher concentration in the brain tissue adjacent to the tumor. The tumor/plasma and tumor/brain ratios for i.a. administration (1.72 +/- 0.26, 6.09 +/- 1.30, n = 8, M +/- S.E.) were two times higher than those for i.v. administration 0.90 +/- 0.23, n = 12, 3.40 = 0.59, n = 10, M +/- S.E. (p less than 0.05, p = 0.061, unpaired t-test). Toxic side effects were moderate, especially decreased creatinine clearance, but tolerable. Our preliminary results demonstrated the pharmacologic advantage of i.a. CDDP chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic brain tumor patients.
 ...
PMID:[Distribution of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in patients with metastatic brain tumors after intravenous or intracarotid administration]. 198 91


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>