Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty patients with advanced head and neck tumors were entered in a phase II trial of tallysomycin S10b given intravenously at weekly doses of 2.5 mg/m2. All patients had received prior chemotherapy +/- radiotherapy. Sixteen patients were evaluable for response. Two had stable disease for 15 and 22 weeks respectively. None exhibited tumor shrinkage. Non-hematologic toxicities primarily consisted of gastrointestinal intolerance. Mild fever was noted in about half of the patients and increase in serum creatinine was observed in four. Other side effects consisted of decrease in pulmonary diffusion capacity and skin changes. In conclusion, tallysomycin S10b has no activity in previously treated head and neck cancer patients and has a toxicity spectrum similar to that of bleomycin.
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PMID:Phase II study of tallysomycin S10b in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. 170 32

We found that urinary fibronectin (UFN) in cancer patients was almost all fragmented and consisted mainly of the cell-binding domain. We developed a two-site immunoenzymometric assay for UFN, using two monoclonal antibodies that both recognize this domain of fibronectin. The amount of UFN was expressed as arbitrary units per milligram of creatinine. Some 2% of the 623 healthy subjects had UFN above the clinical cutoff point (200 arb. units/mg creatinine), as did 14% of the 271 patients with nonmalignant diseases. In contrast, concentrations of UFN exceeded the cutoff point in 59% of the 589 patients with cancer. In 37 patients with gastrointestinal cancer tested for UFN and for one or more of three established serum tumor markers, UFN was found in 25, significantly more often than the other markers. These results indicated that UFN is a marker that may be helpful in evaluating many kinds of cancer.
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PMID:Urinary fibronectin fragments (a potential tumor marker) measured by immunoenzymometric assay with domain-specific monoclonal antibodies. 170 34

Transureteroureterostomy was combined with terminal loop cutaneous ureterostomy, without complications, in 8 patients with advanced pelvic malignancy and a poor prognosis. Urinary diversion was palliative in all patients and followed pelvic exenteration in 4, debulking of pelvic tumor in 2 and radical cystectomy in 1, while 1 had inoperable bladder cancer. All patients had at least unilateral hydroureteronephrosis preoperatively. In each case a postoperative excretory urogram revealed significant improvement of the hydroureteronephrosis and the serum creatinine improved or stabilized. No patient had ureteral stomal stenosis or retraction. Mean survival was 5 months, with the longest survival being 1 year. Transureteroureterostomy in conjunction with terminal loop cutaneous ureterostomy is an effective technique of urinary diversion in selected patients with a poor prognosis and advanced pelvic malignancy, decreasing operative time while avoiding the morbidity associated with a ureterointestinal operation or nephrostomy.
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PMID:Transureteroureterostomy and terminal loop cutaneous ureterostomy in advanced pelvic malignancies. 171 1

The renal function of 74 children with malignant mesenchymal tumors in complete remission and who have received the same ifosfamide chemotherapy protocol (International Society of Pediatric Oncology Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor Study 84 [SIOP MMT 84]) were studied 1 year after the completion of treatment. Total cumulative doses were 36 or 60 g/m2 of ifosfamide (six or 10 cycles of ifosfamide, vincristine, and dactinomycin [IVA]). None of them had received cisplatin chemotherapy. Ages ranged from 4 months to 17 years; 58 patients were males and 42 females. The most common primary tumor site was the head and neck. Renal function was investigated by measuring plasma and urinary electrolytes, glucosuria, proteinuria, aminoaciduria, urinary pH, osmolarity, creatinine clearance, phosphate tubular reabsorption, beta 2 microglobulinuria, and lysozymuria. Fifty-eight patients (78%) had normal renal tests, whereas 16 patients (22%) had renal abnormalities. Two subsets of patients were identified from this latter group: the first included four patients (5% of the total population) who developed major toxicity resulting in Fanconi's syndrome (TDFS); and the second group included five patients with elevated beta 2 microglobulinuria and low phosphate reabsorption. The remaining seven patients had isolated beta 2 microglobulinuria. Severe toxicity was correlated with the higher cumulative dose of 60 g/m2 of ifosfamide, a younger age (less than 2 1/2 years old), and a predominance of vesicoprostatic tumor involvement. This low percentage (5%) of TDFS must be evaluated with respect to the efficacy of ifosfamide in the treatment of mesenchymal tumors in children.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of ifosfamide renal toxicity in children treated for malignant mesenchymal tumors: an International Society of Pediatric Oncology report. 172 Apr 53

Osteoclastic activity is increased in tumor-associated hypercalcemia, which, thus, constitutes an excellent opportunity to assess new markers of the bone resorption rate. We have measured the fasting urinary excretion of the pyridinium cross-links pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) in 36 hypercalcemic cancer patients (mean +/- SD, 3.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/L for total serum Ca and 1.66 +/- 0.24 mmol/L for Ca2+). Thirty-two of them were reevaluated after treatment with iv bisphosphonates. Urinary Pyr and D-Pyr levels were higher than those in healthy controls (130 +/- 62 vs. 40 +/- 19 nmol/mmol creatinine for Pyr and 20 +/- 15 vs. 6 +/- 3 nmol/mmol creatinine for D-Pyr; P less than 0.001 for both). This represented a mean 3.3-fold increase over the normal mean compared to 5.8- and 3.4-fold increases for fasting urinary Ca and hydroxyproline, respectively. Individual values were elevated in 83% and 75% of the cases for Pyr and D-Pyr compared to 97% and 83% for urinary Ca and hydroxyproline, respectively. The levels of Pyr and D-Pyr tended to be higher in patients with head and neck tumors than in patients with breast cancer. Urinary Pyr and D-Pyr correlated with each other (r = 0.72; P less than 0.001) and were highly correlated with hydroxyproline (r = 0.68 and 0.83, respectively; P less than 0.001 for both), but poorly correlated with urinary Ca (r = 0.21; P = NS and r = 0.42; P = 0.01, respectively), suggesting that these markers reflect different events of bone resorption. Similarly, after bisphosphonate therapy, urinary Pyr and D-Pyr levels fell by 31% and 50%, respectively, compared to 38% for hydroxyproline and 76% for urinary Ca. There was a significant correlation between posttreatment D-Pyr and serum Ca levels (r = 0.43; P less than 0.05). In summary, we found that the urinary excretion of Pyr and D-Pyr was markedly increased in hypercalcemic cancer patients and was adequately lowered by bisphosphonate therapy. The urinary excretion of the pyridinium cross-links, especially D-Pyr, should be helpful to specifically quantitate bone matrix resorption and monitor the inhibition of bone resorption in cancer patients receiving antiosteolytic drugs.
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PMID:Urinary pyridinium cross-links as markers of bone resorption in tumor-associated hypercalcemia. 174 Apr 78

We evaluated the concentrations of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) in urine samples from 14 patients with renal cell carcinoma, 16 patients with bladder tumor and 43 non-malignant controls by using radioimmunoassay. In the non-malignant controls, urinary EGF excretion significantly decreased with age (r = -0.46, p less than 0.01), and females excreted significantly more EGF than males [16.3 +/- 7.6 and 9.9 +/- 6.0 (mean +/- SD) ng/mg.creatinine; p less than 0.05]. There was no significant difference between urinary EGF excretion in the patients with renal cell carcinoma and non-malignant controls matched for sex and age (15.9 +/- 12.0 and 14.5 +/- 7.9 ng/mg.creatinine). The difference in excretion of EGF between the patients with bladder tumor and non-malignant controls also was not significant (9.9 +/- 5.6 and 11.7 +/- 7.0 ng/mg.creatinine). These findings indicate, that urine EGF has little usefulness as a tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma and bladder tumor.
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PMID:[Epidermal growth factor in the urine of patients with renal cell carcinoma and bladder tumor]. 175 16

Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoid-forming tumor of the bone characterized by pain which is relieved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Very high levels of prostaglandins have been found in the lesion. In nine patients with osteoid osteoma, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in explants from the nidus incubated in vitro yielded 947.3 +/- 482.6 (mean +/- SD) and 340.2 +/- 178.1 pg/mg of wet tissue respectively, values 32 and 49 times higher than in fragments of normal bone. In eight patients the excretion rate of the major urinary metabolite of PGI2, i.e. 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha, was nearly double the control value (499 +/- 93 vs 257 +/- 117 pg/mg of creatinine; mean +/- SD). In six of them, from whom urine was collected 1 month after surgery, urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 487 +/- 100 to 229 +/- 52 pg/mg creatinine. Urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, largely a reflection of intrarenal PGI2 synthesis, was comparable to the control group (4.6 +/- 0.9 vs 4.5 +/- 1.0 ng/h, respectively) and remained unchanged after operation. These results suggest an enhanced PGI2 biosynthesis in vivo in patients with osteoid osteoma. This abnormality of arachidonate metabolism is consistent with enhanced biosynthetic capacity of the tumor in vitro, and is reversible upon its removal.
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PMID:Increased prostacyclin biosynthesis in patients with osteoid osteoma. 177 89

Tiludronate is a new bisphosphonate whose efficacy has already been reported for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. We have evaluated its efficacy and tolerance by a dose-finding study in 19 hypercalcemic cancer patients after adequate intravenous (iv) rehydration. Treatment consisted of 3 days of iv tiludronate given at doses of 3.0 mg/kg/day (n = 3), 4.5 mg/kg/day (n = 3), or 6.0 mg/kg/day (n = 13); this iv therapy was followed by 17 days of oral tiludronate, 400 mg (n = 13) or 800 mg (n = 6) daily. Treatment had to be discontinued in 9 patients, including 3 because of evident treatment failure and 1 because of severe toxicity. After iv tiludronate, 13/18 patients had a normal Ca level, including 10/12 who had received 6.0 mg/kg/day, but Ca2+ levels were fully normalized in only 4/18 and 3/12 patients, respectively. After 6.0 mg/kg/day, Ca levels had fallen from 12.1 +/- 0.3 to 10.0 +/- 0.4 mg/dl (P less than 0.0005), whereas fasting urinary calcium excretion went from 0.639 +/- 0.099 to 0.272 +/- 0.054 mg Ca/mg creatinine on d4 (P less than 0.001). On the other hand, oral tiludronate was unable to normalize Ca in patients who were still hypercalcemic after the iv course, although the daily administration of 800 mg appeared to be more efficient than the 400 mg daily dosage. The administration of tiludronate caused an increase in serum phosphate levels, from 2.9 +/- 0.2 to 3.7 +/- 0.2 mg/dl after the iv course, probably through an increase in the TmP/GFR index, which went from 2.3 +/- 0.2 to 3.6 +/- 0.4 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). Three patients had an increase in serum creatinine levels after the iv course, one obese patient developing an acute renal insufficiency; during oral tiludronate therapy, 5 other patients also presented an increase in serum creatinine levels. Oral tiludronate administration was also associated with occasional nausea and vomiting. In summary, compared with aminobisphosphonates, tiludronate is not indicated for the treatment of tumor-associated hypercalcemia because of the need for high iv doses which are potentially nephrotoxic.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of the bisphosphonate tiludronate for the treatment of tumor-associated hypercalcemia. 177 38

The study reported here was undertaken to determine the nephrotoxicosis associated with the administration of cisplatin, an antineoplastic agent, to dogs when administered during 6-hour saline solution diuresis. Cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface, IV, every 21 days) was given to 61 dogs with malignant neoplasia with a total of 185 doses in 1 (n = 9 dogs), 2 (n = 26 dogs), 3 (n = 4 dogs), 4 (n = 9 dogs), 5 (n = 2 dogs), and 6 (n = 11 dogs) treatments. The cisplatin was given over a 20-minute period after 0.9% NaCl solution (saline solution) was administered IV for 4 hours at a rate of 18.3 ml/kg of body weight/h. After the cisplatin infusion, saline solution diuresis was continued at the same rate for 2 hours. Before each treatment with cisplatin, dogs were evaluated with at least a physical examination, CBC, determination of serum urea nitrogen concentration, and in most cases, determination of serum creatinine concentration and urine specific gravity. Four of the 61 dogs (6.6%) developed clinically evident renal disease after 2 (1 dog), 3 (2 dogs), and 4 (1 dog) doses of cisplatin were administered. Three of the 4 dogs had preexisting disease of the urinary tract prior to the start of treatment. The survival time in dogs that developed renal disease (median, 145 days; range, 15 to 150 days) was similar to that of all dogs in this study (median, 154 days; range, 30 to 500 days), with 13 dogs still alive at the conclusion of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prevalence of nephrotoxicosis associated with a short-term saline solution diuresis protocol for the administration of cisplatin to dogs with malignant tumors: 61 cases (1987-1989). 178 22

Ten cases of multiple myeloma seen in PUMC hospital survived more than six years. 4 of them survived more than ten years. 6 patients were of IgA type. Features of those cases included: (1) symptoms mild; (2) incidence of anemia low; (3) percentage of tumor cell in bone marrow also relatively low; (4) blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and calcium normal; (5) maintenance therapy rather long. The prognostic factors and the current general situation of treatment were briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Report of 10 cases of multiple myeloma surviving more than 6 years]. 181 84


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