Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spleen cells from BALB/c or CAF(1) mice released little or no detectable leukemia virus when cultured 2-7 days in vitro. In contrast, spleen cells of CAF(1) mice previously inoculated with parental BALB/c spleen cells released leukemia viruses in 10 of 11 cases studied. Cultures of a mixture of spleen cells from normal BALB/c and CAF(1) mice also contained leukemia viruses. Phytohemagglutinin induced the transformation of lymphocytes in cultures of CAF(1) or BALB/c spleen cells, but this transformation did not activate leukemia viruses. It is concluded that mixed lymphocyte cultures in vitro, just as graft-versus-host reactions in vivo, can activate leukemia viruses that are normally present in a repressed form. This activation is not solely a function of lymphocyte transformation. The activated mouse leukemia virus may subsequently account for the observed high incidence of neoplasia in graft-versus-host disease.
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PMID:Activation of leukemia viruses by graft-versus-host and mixed lymphocyte reactions in vitro. 440 35

The incidence of lymphomas in 371 CAF(1) mice injected with BALB/c spleen cells was compared with that in 324 control CAF(1) mice. A high incidence of lymphomas was found in the treated mice, but not in the control animals. The development of the neoplasms was a function of the number of parental cells administered. Analyses of the injected mice for the presence of donor cells indicated that the majority of the injected parental cells lost antihost activity, probably within 24 hr of their administration. The tumors were of host origin, as judged by transplantation tests and antigenic analysis of tumor cells.
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PMID:Chronic allogeneic disease. II. Development of lymphomas. 552 66

This study compares the tumorigenicity of SV40 primary tumor cell lines, tsA and wild-type SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells, at two temperatures, 37 degrees C and 40.5 degrees C, inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken egg. The SV40 primary tumor cell lines varied in their efficiency of takes at 37 degrees C from 78% for the H65-90B tumor line, 73% for the H80-7A and 25% for the H80-4 line. At 40.5 degrees C the H80-4 was unable to form tumors; however, the H80-7A and H80-4 produced 70% and 20% tumors respectively. Histologically, all CAM tumors were fibrosarcomas identical to the transplanted tumors, however, the tumor(s) at 40.5 degrees C were smaller. Chinese hamster wild-type SV40-transformed cells were equally efficient (32%) at tumor production at both temperatures. The tsA-SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells (A58 and A58-2) induced 34% tumors at 37 degrees C and 9% tumors at 40.5 degrees C. At 37 degrees C these tumors were typical fibrosarcomas; however, the 40.5 degrees C tumors were smaller and less cellular, resembling a more differentiated fibrosarcoma. Therefore, the tsA Chinese hamster transformed cells were less efficient at tumor induction at the non-permissive temperature; however, the primary tumor lines also demonstrated a variability in tumorigenicity (H65-90B and H80-4). Possibly factors other than the temperature-sensitive viral protein (big "T" antigen) may be involved in establishing a tumor on the chicken CAM.
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PMID:Tumorigenicity of tsA and wild-type simian virus 40 transformed cells inoculated onto the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. 629 68

The requirements for in vitro mitochondrial protein synthesis have been studied using isolated mitochondria from cultured adrenal Y-1 tumor cells from mice. By reducing the reaction volume to 50 microliter we were able to assay in replicate the requirements for various reaction components using trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable counts for a quantitative evaluation with time of incubation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography was also used for a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the translation products. With the optimized system, 1 to 3% of added [35S]methionine was incorporated. The products of mitochondrial protein synthesis range from 70,000 to 5000 molecular weight. Major autoradiographic bands were observed at 38,000, 31,000, 23,000, 20,000, and 5600 molecular weight as separated on 10 to 20% gradient SDS-polyacrylamide gels; however, 20 to 30 protein products of various molecular weights were discernible. Mitochondrial concentrations of 0.8 to 1.4 mg/ml of incubation gave the better incorporation of [35S]methionine per milligram of protein. Total [35S]methionine incorporated into mitochondrial protein was greatest at 25 degrees C after 90 min. Chloramphenicol at 10 micrograms/ml inhibited mitochondrial protein synthesis by more than 50% and at 100 micrograms/ml inhibited incorporation by more than 95%. Cycloheximide had no effect on incorporation at less than 1.0 mg/ml. Magnesium and ATP in a molar ratio of one to one at 5 mM gave optimal incorporation. Other energy generating systems using oxidative phosphorylation to supply ATP for protein synthesis were not as effective as ATP and 5 mM phosphoenol pyruvate, 20 micrograms/ml pyruvate kinase and 5 mM a-ketoglutarate. In contrast to in vitro yeast mitochondrial protein synthesis, no enhancement of in vitro adrenal cell mitochondrial protein synthesis was found with GTP or its analogs. The buffers N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine, N-(tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl)glycine, and N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid were superior to Tris-HCl for mitochondrial protein synthesis. Optimal pH for [35S]methionine incorporation into mitochondrial proteins was pH 7.0 to 7.6. Potassium at 50 to 90 mM gave the best incorporation of [35S]methionine, and the higher molecular weight products of translation were enhanced at these concentrations. Sodium at 10 to 40 mM had no effect; however, 100 mM sodium inhibited label incorporation by 30%. Calcium at 100 microM inhibited mitochondrial protein synthesis by approximately 50%, and at 1.0 mM little if any incorporation occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Optimization of in vitro protein synthesis by isolated mouse adrenal mitochondria. 632 34

It is possible to examine about 95% of tumors using the short-term tumor test from Volm et al. The test results are available within one day. In 89 cases of ovarian tumor stages III and IV, the clinical progress using different chemotherapies could be compared with the results of the uridine-adriamycin-test. In the uridine-adriamycin-test, 82% of the cases with sensitive tumors showed either a remission or at least no change. Resistant tumors were, however, in 56% of cases progressive. Whilst combination largely of proliferation-inhibiting cytostatic drugs such as CF- or CAP-therapy showed a good relationship between the behavior of the tumors in vitro and their response to the cytostatic therapy a similar relationship under CP-therapy with a high cisplatin dosage, could not yet be proved, although until now in only a small number of cases. In vitro sensitive ovarian carcinomas stage III with the histological grade II or III, have a better prognosis under chemotherapy than resistant carcinomas. The importance attached to the short-term tumor test from Volm in the cytostatic therapy of ovarian carcinomas, must be similarly assessed as that of steroid receptors to the endocrine therapy of breast cancer.
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PMID:[Experiences with Volm's short-term tumor test in the primary treatment of ovarian carcinoma]. 637 39

We have studied the clinical impact of elective brain irradiation (EBI) in patients with locally advanced, non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSC). All patients received combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin (Adriamycin) + cisplatin = CAP) or CAP plus radiotherapy as the initial treatment for their active tumor or as an adjuvant therapy. Of 97 evaluable patients, 46 were randomized to receive EBI (3 000 rad in 10 fractions given over two weeks). The characteristics of both groups were comparable by sex, age, performance status, pretherapy weight loss, histologic cell type, clinical staging, and type of prior therapy. EBI significantly decreased the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis in the treated group compared to the control group (4% vs 27%, p = .002). CNS involvement occurred in the treated group after failure at other sites whereas 12 of 14 control patients had CNS metastases as the first site of relapse. EBI decreased the incidence of CNS metastasis in all prognostic categories. Using multivariate analysis, the beneficial effect was shown to be significant in females, patients with good performance status, weight loss less than 6%, squamous cell histology, state III disease or no prior therapy. EBI significantly increased CNS metastasis-free interval with a beneficial effect that was significant in males, patients with weight loss less than 6%, squamous cell histology or responders. Although no survival benefit was observed for the treated group because of the adverse effect from other relapses, EBI will become more important as better treatment programs are developed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of elective brain irradiation during combined chemoradiotherapy for limited disease non-small cell lung cancer. 638 79

Forty-seven patients with primary advanced (N = 37) or recurrent ovarian carcinoma (N = 10) completed a 12-month course of CAP chemotherapy or developed progressive disease while on therapy and were evaluated. All patients were treated between August 1, 1977 and August 1, 1982. Cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) 40 mg/m2, and cisplatin 60 mg/m2, were administered every 4 weeks intravenously. After 8 courses the cisplatin was stopped. The patients then received 500 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide and 50 mg/m2 of Adriamycin. At the cumulative dose of 450 mg/m2, the Adriamycin was stopped and cyclophosphamide was given at 1 g/m2 alone until the patient had received a total of 12-13 courses from the initiation of the chemotherapy protocol. The cardiac, renal, and hematopoetic toxicity of the regimen was mild to moderate. The median survival of the entire study population was 32 months. The median survival of the patients with primary disease was 36 months. The median survival of patients with recurrent disease was 20 months. There was a significant difference in median survival based on size of the largest lesion prior to initiation of chemotherapy. There was no difference in median survival based on tumor grade or comparing Stage III to Stage IV tumors. The most important aspects of the study appeared to be the length of the median survival of the patients, the fact that all patients who were complete responders and who were considered to have no evidence of disease, have been documented by second look, and the success of secondary treatment after second-look procedures revealed persistent tumor. The authors additionally report the use of weight change as an indicator of tumor response, and the importance of the pelvic examination complimented by fine-needle aspiration in following the course of these patients.
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PMID:Treatment of advanced and recurrent ovarian carcinoma with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. 654 72

During the past 10 years, the Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) has been engaged in one major adjuvant study and three major advanced disease studies for patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast. The adjuvant study is demonstrating that six months of adjuvant CMF is the therapeutic equivalent of 12 months and that post-operative irradiation is of no added therapeutic benefit. In patients with advanced disease, a low dose 5 drug combination of CMFVP induces more objective responses than single agent 5FU, but improves survival only for those patients with liver metastases when compared to the sequential use of the same 5 single agents. The three drug combination, CAF, utilizing doxorubicin, induces more objective responses than low dose CMFVP, but it does not improve overall survival. The subsets of patients with bone-only metastases, with local chest wall recurrence and with nodular lung metastases benefit from CAF in terms of a longer duration of disease control and longer duration of unmaintained remission, but have only a marginal improvement in survival. The addition of a phase active combination, CAMELEON, (i.e., sequentially alternating therapy) to CAF has not improved the duration of disease control and survival for patients with liver metastases, lymphangitic and nodular lung metastases compared to CAF. Aggressive combination chemotherapeutic approaches to patients with advanced disease provide better and longer disease and tumor control but only marginal improvements in overall survival. Adding additional agents to a maximally tolerable regimen has not improved the therapeutic outcome.
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PMID:Southeastern Cancer Study Group: breast cancer studies 1972-1982. 660 45

Twenty-nine patients with advanced previously untreated epithelial ovarian cancer (FIGO stage III + IV) received induction chemotherapy with CAP (cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, adriamycin 50 mg/m2 and cis-platinum 50 mg/m2). Of twenty patients whose post-surgical tumor size was greater than 2 cm, fifteen (75%) achieved objective response. The median duration of complete response is greater than 20 months and the median duration of partial response is greater than 11 months. Among the 75% responders (15 of 20) overall, eleven were determined by surgical evaluation and four by clinical evaluation. The response rate in the present study compares favorably with previously reported studies. Toxicity from the CAP regimen was frequent and often severe but no irreversible side effects or treatment related deaths were observed. It is concluded that the CAP regimen appears to be an effective drug combination against advanced ovarian cancer that may improve overall response and ultimate survival of previously untreated patients.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for stage III-IV ovarian cancer: the CAP-regimen in previously untreated patients. 676 25

Chloramphenicol-resistant (CAPr) reconstituted cells and cybrids were isolated by fusion of karyoplasts (or intact cells) of mouse amelanotic melanoma B16 cells with cytoplasts of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) -deficient, CAPr rat myoblastic cells, L6TG.CAPr, and double selection in HAT medium containing CAP. Reconstituted cells or cybrids exhibited unique cellular arrangement, and about one third of the isolated clones expressed high tyrosinase activity and marked melanin synthesis, although the parental mouse cells expressed low tyrosinase activity and the parental rat cells did not express tyrosinase activity. These phenotypic changes have been stable for more than a year. The phenotypic reversions of these clonal cells were induced by treatment with a tumor promoter. There were changes in the morphology of the treated cells to that of the mouse B16 cells and extinction of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in pigmented clonal cells. These phenotypic changes and reversions induced by a promoter were repeatedly reversible.
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PMID:Induction of supermelanin synthesis and morphological changes in interspecific reconstituted cells and its reversal by tumor promoter. 681 81


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