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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Solid tumors contain heterogenous cell populations, resulting in flow cytometric (FCM) DNA quantitations of a mixture of tumor and host cells. Such mixed populations can result in dilution of the tumor cells by the host cells, in difficulty defining the diploid reference mean and in histogram peak overlap, precluding cell-cycle analysis. In this study, epithelial (tumor) cells and contaminating host cells in 100 consecutively accessioned human mammary and colorectal carcinomas were segregated in a multiparametric two-color FCM DNA analysis of intact, ethanol-fixed cells. These two carcinomas and bladder carcinomas contain a cytoskeleton of simple epithelium that is selectively stained with an FITC-labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) to cytokeratin (CK: CAM 5.2-FITC). This MAb detects the CK 8, CK 18 and CK 19 consistently present in all layers of normal and neoplastic urothelium, colonic epithelium and mammary epithelium. Gating on CK in these tumors enables the nonstaining leukocytes, stromal fibroblasts and endothelial cells to be excluded from DNA analysis. A separate aliquot of each tumor evaluated was labeled with an MAb to leukocyte-common antigen (LCA-FITC) to serve as a patient-specific intrinsic diploid reference standard. Both the CK-labeled and LCA-labeled cells were then dual labeled for DNA with propidium iodide. This method (1) correctly identified the intrinsic diploid (LCA-positive) channel, allowing an accurate definition of normal cell DNA content for calculation of the DNA index; and (2) resulted in an increased sensitivity in the identification of both diploid and abnormal hyperdiploid tumor cell populations. It also (3) limited DNA cell cycle analysis to urothelial, colonic and mammary epithelial cells, the majority of which were neoplastic in carefully selected tumor samples. In addition, this method (4) clarified near-tetraploid populations that overlap the normal nonepithelial G2M region by diminishing the normal G2M peak and accentuating the aneuploid tetraploid G0G1 peak and (5) deconvoluted overlapping histograms composed of normal host and diploid-range or aneuploid tumor cells by gating on tissue-specific markers. This exclusion of host cells in both classes of tumors resulted in more accurate cell-cycle calculations in the former and allowed calculation of the S-phase fractions in the latter.
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PMID:Two-color multiparametric method for flow cytometric DNA analysis of carcinomas using staining for cytokeratin and leukocyte-common antigen. 248 53

The present communication describes a patient with paraganglioma found in the retroperitoneum and neck. She was treated with the combination chemotherapy employing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP therapy), and resulted in remarkable regression of the tumor in size. We reviewed the literature about the therapy of paraganglioma and the nature of retroperitoneal paraganglioma in relation with this case.
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PMID:Remarkable regression of malignant paraganglioma in the retroperitoneum and neck after chemotherapy: report of a case and a review of the literature. 248 51

Paget's disease of the anus is a rare disorder of controversial origin and is frequently associated with malignancy. We studied eight patients and carried out immunohistochemical studies to determine whether particular functional profiles might be indicators of a malignant association. One patient presented with synchronous carcinoma and two developed carcinomas 3 and 10 years after excision of Paget's disease. Five patients underwent wide local excision and have not developed cancer (median follow-up 6 years, range 5-13 years). However, four patients developed recurrent Paget's disease. Immunohistochemical studies showed that in general Paget cells stained positively with CAM 5.2 (a cytokeratin marker), gross cystic disease fluid protein (a marker for apocrine cells), human milk fat globule glycoprotein (HMFG 1 and 2) and carcinoembryonic antigen but negatively for PR3A5 (a marker for colonic goblet cells). Three cases had a staining profile which was quite different from that usually observed and these were associated with malignancy. One showed an antigenic profile more typical of a large bowel carcinoma. Paget's disease of the anus appears to run one of two clinical courses: to develop malignancy; or to recur locally, often on repeated occasions. Wide local excision is the treatment of choice but long-term follow-up is necessary because of the cancer risk. An immunohistochemical staining pattern which is different from usual may indicate a higher malignant risk and/or identify some cases of Paget's disease as representing a downward 'pagetoid' extension from a anorectal adenocarcinoma rather than a true epidermotropic apocrine neoplasm of the perianal skin.
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PMID:Paget's disease of the anus: a clinicopathological study. 255 55

During a review of Wilms' tumor, four located external to the kidney were identified. Patient age ranged from 7 months to 4 years; three were female. One neoplasm was located in the parametrial connective tissue to the left of the uterus; both kidneys were radiographically normal. Three neoplasms were located in the right retroperitoneum adherent to the surface of the ipsilateral kidney, but separated from the parenchyma by a thick fibrous capsule. Two were attached to the upper pole, while the third was attached to the midportion of the kidney. Radiologic studies showed displacement of all three kidneys, but intravenous pyelogram (IVP) revealed no calyceal distortion. All four neoplasms were favorable histology Wilms' tumor: one was monophasic epithelial type, one was monophasic blastemal type, and two had a mixture of stromal, epithelial, and blastemal tissue. No teratomatous elements were present. Immunoperoxidase staining for cytokeratin (AE-1, AE-3, CAM 5.2), vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) showed the strongest focal positive staining of tubular structures with CAM 5.2, and slight staining with EMA. Staining reaction to vimentin was variable, but negative in most areas. Three tumors extracted from paraffin were diploid by quantitative flow cytometric DNA analysis; in one case, flow cytometry could not be performed. Clinical follow-up from 2 years to 6 years showed all children to be alive without evidence of disease. Based on the similarity to conventional renal Wilms' tumor, these findings support the hypothesis of displaced mesonephric/metanephric rests for the origin of extrarenal Wilms' tumor.
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PMID:Extrarenal Wilms' tumor: an analysis of four cases. 254 8

A pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma, which is a rare form of peripheral pulmonary tumor with diffuse thickening of the pleural cavity mimicking a mesothelioma, and a malignant mesothelioma with a carcinoma like disseminating pattern are presented. The biopsy obtained by thoracotomy in one case, and the necropsy studies enabled the diagnosis by the microscopic pattern, the presence of mucosubstances (PAS diastase) and the immune histochemical profiles with antibodies against several antigenic groups (CEA, EMA, CAM 5.2, and Vimentin. The value of these techniques to differentiate adenocarcinomas and mesotheliomas is discussed. The presence of CEA orients to an epithelial origin of a neoplasia.
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PMID:[Pleuropulmonary tumors. Presentation of 2 cases with peculiar clinicopathologic traits]. 262 39

Two patients developed sinonasal small-cell neoplasms that arose 22 years and 37 years, respectively, following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastomas. The tumors were composed of small cells with scant cytoplasm and had a few scattered Homer-Wright rosettes. Immunohistochemically, one tumor was positive for keratin (CAM 5.2 and AE1/AE3), epithelial membrane antigen, and neuron-specific enolase. The other neoplasm was immunoreactive for keratin (CAM 5.2 only) and neuron-specific enolase; it also had focal immunopositivity for S-100 protein, desmin, and muscle-specific actin. Both were negative for CEA, vimentin, melanocyte-specific antigen (HMB45), chromogranin A, synaptophysin, Leu-7, 200 kd neurofilament, and retinal S-antigen. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, the patients died of metastatic tumor 7 months and 10 months following their initial diagnosis, respectively. Although osteosarcoma is the most frequent second cancer following bilateral retinoblastomas, some patients develop clinically aggressive sinonasal small-cell tumors that are difficult to place into conventional classifications. Both of our cases showed evidence of multidirectional differentiation; one tumor labeled with epithelial and neural markers, and the other expressed epithelial, neural, and myogenous antigens.
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PMID:Unusual sinonasal small-cell neoplasms following radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastomas. 267 54

A case of metastasis to the penis and the urethra from superficial bladder tumor of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), grade 3 is reported. A 52-year-old male patient was diagnosed to have TCC of the urinary bladder (grade 3, stage pT1a) in May, 1985 and was treated initially with transurethral resection followed by adriamycin (ADR) instillation. In February, 1986, urethroscopy showed a papillary tumor in the cavernosal urethra and a metastatic tumor was noted in the corpus spongiosum penis. Biopsy of urethral tumor revealed TCC, grade 3. Therefore partial urethrectomy with resection of penile tumor was performed. Although the patient underwent combination chemotherapy involving CAP (cisplatin + ADR + cyclophosphamide) and M-VAC (methotrexate + vincristine + ADR + cisplatin) regimens, local lesion and metastatic lesions progressed, and he died in June 1986, 20 days after emasculation. The management of superficial bladder tumor with TCC, grade 3 was reviewed and discussed here.
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PMID:[Penile and urethral metastases from superficial bladder tumor after TUR: a case report]. 280 93

Thirty-six patients with metastatic breast cancer, 23 with documented progression of the disease after first-line chemotherapy (CAF or CMF) and 13 without prior chemotherapy, were treated with a simultaneous 120-h infusion of cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Objective response was demonstrated in 19 patients (52.7%), stable disease in 7 patients (19.4%) and progression of the disease in 10 patients (27.7%). Similar response rate was observed according to tumor site (soft tissues, 50%; bone, 52%; lung, 63%; liver, 55%; and pleura and peritoneum, 42%) and previous treatment (previous chemotherapy, 48%; previously untreated, 61%). Median duration of response was 8 months. Toxicity was characterized by stomatitis and myelodepression and required dose adjustments in 30% of patients. CDDP and 5-FU infusion deserve further investigation because it appeared to have substantial activity in this preliminary study in metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:120 hours simultaneous infusion of cisplatin and fluorouracil in metastatic breast cancer. 280 99

Of a group of 68 patients treated with standard polychemotherapy (CAP-5), 52 were evaluated by an early second-look laparotomy, preferably after three cycles of treatment. Of 21 patients with initial tumor residuals smaller than 2 cm, only 5 had residual tumor, and of 31 patients with tumor larger than 2 cm, 27 had residuals, which could be surgically debulked in 9 patients. Surgical evaluation led to termination of treatment in 6 patients with stable disease and to intensification of treatment in 5 younger patients with microscopic or bulky residuals. Thus, the second-look influenced therapeutic decisions and treatment policy in a total of 20 patients. The procedure went without severe complications for the duration of anesthesia; there was no difference between biopsy and debulking, but a larger amount of blood was lost during debulking surgery. Second-look laparotomy is well tolerated but should be performed only in selected cases, depending on the therapeutic options available.
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PMID:Role of an early second-look laparotomy in ovarian cancer. 280 20

Because of the limited effects of single-agent chemotherapy for solid tumors, combination therapy was employed in an attempt to enhance the clinical effects. Following our former report in which the combination effects of mitomycin C (MMC) and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) were clarified, combined applications of 4 drugs, vindesine (VDS), methotrexate (MTX), cisplatin (CDDP) and 5'-DFUR against 3 lines of human breast cancer (H-62, H-31, H-71), and one line each of gastric cancer (H-55) and colon cancer (H-110) xenografted into nude mice were evaluated in comparison with CAF (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5-FU) therapy which is commonly used for breast cancer. Treatment was initiated in groups of 7 mice each when the mean tumor volume of subcutaneous tumors had reached about 100mm3, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in terms of the inhibition rate (I.R.). A synergistic effect is said to exist when the combination therapy is superior to each single drug therapy at the maximal tolerated dose. Combination therapy with 3 drugs (VDS, CDDP and 5'-DFUR) or 4 drugs (VDS, CDDP, MTX and 5'-DFUR) achieved an I.R. of over 98%, i.e., a marked effect with tumor shrinkage, in 3 lines of tumors (H-55, H-31 and H-62). Moreover, remarkable effects were shown even in the other 2 lines which were insensitive to every single-agent therapy, the I.R. values being 85.7% (H-71) and 78.5% (H-110). A synergistic effect was obtained in 3 of the 5 lines examined. These combination therapies were histologically superior to therapies employing each single-drug therapy or CAF therapy. The side effects for combination of these 3 or 4 drugs evaluated by body weight loss were transient and equivalent to maximal dose of VDS or CDDP. Clinically, it is thought that these combined therapies of 3 or 4 drugs will bring about a considerable response in practice.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy with 3 or 4 drugs on human breast and gastrointestinal cancer xenografts in nude mice (II)]. 295 10


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