Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess the specificity of lymphoepithelial lesion (LEL) in the diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma, the thyroid glands of patients with Hashimoto's disease, lymphoid infiltrates in the vicinity of papillary carcinoma, focal thyroiditis in Graves' disease and malignant lymphoma of the thyroid were studied by conventional pathological and immunohistochemical techniques using a panel of antibodies against epithelial cells (CAM 5.2) and leucocytes (LCA, pan-T, and pan-B antisera). LEL was encountered in all cases. In cases of peritumoral lymphoid infiltrates LEL represented a focal phenomenon, whereas in Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases and lymphoma, it was found in multiple areas. In cases of malignant lymphoma LEL was encountered in the vicinity of areas where diffuse parenchymal destruction by tumor cells had occurred. The results suggested that although LEL is almost always present in lymphomas it can also be encountered in other diseases of the thyroid. If therefore LEL has no diagnostic specificity, the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma must be supported by other histological findings.
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PMID:Lymphoepithelial lesion in the thyroid. A non-specific histological finding. 206 14

Three cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin studied by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods, are presented. It is generally accepted that these tumors originate from Merkel's cells. Some consider that they belong to the group of APUD-omas. Positive findings of epithelial (EMA, CAM 5.2) and neuroedocrine marker (NSE) in these three cases support the hypothesis of neuroendocrine differentiation in a neoplasm of epithelial origin.
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PMID:[Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell tumor)]. 209 74

To evaluate the contribution of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) to the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with combination chemotherapy, we compared the results of treatment with HMM, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (H-CAP regimen) to treatment results using cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP regimen). The treatment regimens were identical in dosage and schedule with the exception of the addition of HMM to one regimen. Fifty-five patients treated with H-CAP at Vanderbilt University Hospital between August 1977 and March 1980 were compared with a subsequent group of 22 patients who received CAP between October 1984 and October 1987. Following six months of therapy, patients were restaged either with second-look laparotomy or with clinical restaging. Fifty-three of 55 patients (96%) had objective responses to H-CAP compared with 14 of 21 patients (67%) treated with CAP (p = 0.001). The pathologic complete response rate was also higher in the patients who received H-CAP (35% versus 19%). The median survival of patients receiving H-CAP is 47 months compared to 21 months for the CAP patients. When patients with limited residual disease (maximum tumor diameter less than or equal to 3 cm) were compared, the median survival also favored the H-CAP treatment (101 months versus 21 months, p = 0.002). The median time to progression was also greater in patients receiving H-CAP versus those receiving CAP (67 months versus 16 months, p = 0.045). Treatment-related toxicity did not differ substantially between the two regimens. Our findings suggest that the addition of HMM to CAP chemotherapy prolongs the median survival in patients with ovarian cancer and limited residual disease following cytoreductive surgery.
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PMID:The role of hexamethylmelamine in the combination chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer: a comparison of hexamethylmelamine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (H-CAP) versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CAP). 212 Oct 19

We report 18 cases of primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (CNEC, Merkel cell tumor) that occurred mainly in the sun-exposed skin of elderly patients as dermal and subcutaneous masses of generally monomorphic cells with foci of pronounced pleomorphism. All 18 cases showed immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), whereas 16 of them showed immunoreactivity for another neuroendocrine marker, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). Positivity for PGP 9.5 was more intense and more sharply localized to tumor cells than the staining for NSE. Immunoreactivity for keratins detected by AE1/AE3 and CAM 5.2 monoclonal antibodies was found in 16 and 15 cases, respectively, with prominent paranuclear globular staining. One case stained positively for S-100 protein; all were negative for leukocyte common antigen (LCA). Typical ultrastructural features of neuroendocrine differentiation were noted in all of 14 tumors examined. Morphological and immunohistochemical similarities between these neoplasms and pulmonary small-cell anaplastic carcinoma, now thought to be of bronchial basal cell origin, suggest that CNEC are also derived from epithelium. In addition, their dermal location suggests that this epithelium is likely to be adnexal rather than epidermal.
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PMID:Primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (Merkel cell tumor). An adnexal epithelial neoplasm. 213 34

In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has a tendency to increase gradually in our country. Its majority (stage I and II) is a case to be treated by hysterectomy alone. However, to patients with advanced inoperable cancer (stage III and more), a radiotherapy, which is not so sensitive to endometrial cancer, has been used. Since the progression of endometrial cancer is dependent on sex steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone), anti-tumor effects of progestogen are expected to be effective to patients with estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive cancer or with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (G1 type) histologically. The most widely used progestogens are medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and megestrol acetate (MGA). Many investigators have reported that progestogen with high dosage shows a good response to advanced endometrial cancer. On the other hand, the monochemotherapy responsive to endometrial cancer is adriamycin (ADR), cyclophosphamide (CPA), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cisplatin (CDDP). The drugs in polychemotherapy regimens are used to be combined basically the above anti-cancer agents. The polychemotherapy is more effective than monochemotherapy. The combined chemotherapy regimen (CPA, ADR and CDDP; CAP regimen) obtained a good clinical results to advanced endometrial cancer. Thus, in recent years, the combined hormonochemotherapy of high dose progestogen and polychemotherapy was recommended as the best therapy to advanced endometrial cancer, and reported a good results. In conclusion, the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer is based on the use of progestogen therapy and on polychemotherapy. The choice of treatment is made on the basis of patients' conditions and the biological characteristics of the endometrial carcinoma.
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PMID:[Therapy of advanced endometrial cancer]. 214 5

Malignant hemangiopericytomas are usually found in the musculature of the extremities, the retroperitoneum, and the pelvis. Malignant hemangiopericytoma arising in the omentum is extremely rare. We recently experienced such a case, in which a malignant ovarian tumor was suspected preoperatively on the basis of the sonogram, CT scan, magnetic resonance image, and increased CA-125 value. Microscopically, the tumor showed many mitoses, increased cellularity, and cytologic atypia. The patient was treated with CAP combination therapy following resection of the tumor; however, an intraperitoneal recurrence probably due to implantation was recognized 11 months later.
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PMID:Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the omentum presenting as an ovarian tumor. 222 98

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) are firmly established diagnostic adjuvants both in vitro and in vivo. Their potential for immunotherapy is highly promising. Antigenic heterogeneity of cells within the same tumor is a well known phenomenon; however, no large-scale studies are available to ascertain to what degree metastases maintain the immunophenotype of the primary tumors. For that purpose, we studied 54 commonly epithelial malignancies using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a panel of seven frequently used MAb recognizing a gamut of membrane and cytoplasmic antigens (AE-1, CAM 5.2, B72.3, MC10, anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and human milk fat globule (HMFG)). The number of metastases per primary tumor ranged between 1 and 26, with a total of 344 tissues studied. Metastases were located in regional and distal lymph nodes as well as in a diversity of organs (pancreas, adrenal, colon, spleen, soft tissues, etc). Only those cases in which all the tissues were obtained from a single surgical procedure and, therefore, uniformly fixed and processed, were selected. All the metastases from three cases (5.5%) were found to express one or two antigens not present on their primary. In no case did all metastases from a positive primary become negative for one MAb. Twelve cases (18.5%) showed modifications of the phenotype in one or more metastases. This study demonstrates that a broad phenotypic variation does not follow when tumors metastasize, and that it is, therefore, safe to foretell the metastatic immunophenotype based upon that of the primary tumor.
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PMID:Tumor immunophenotype: comparison between primary neoplasm and its metastases. 232 51

Forty-one patients with clinical stage III and IV carcinoma of the endometrium presented to Jackson Memorial Hospital between the years 1977 and 1988. These patients were studied as to their presenting symptoms, prognostic factors, therapeutic regimens, and survival. Sixty-one percent of our patients presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Prognostic factors included extent of disease and tumor bulk rather than histologic type, grade, or depth of myometrial invasion. Overall 5-year survival was 7/32 (22%), with 6/22 (27%) for stage III and 1/10 (10%) for stage IV. Those patients who received surgery plus radiation fared better than those who received either alone. Hormonal therapy offered little, if any, benefit. CAP-M chemotherapy was used as adjunctive treatment in 10 patients and its use is discussed. It is our hope that we may later use this study to compare the newer surgical staging in advanced cases of endometrial carcinoma with the previously used clinical staging system.
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PMID:Stage III and stage IV endometrial carcinoma: a review of 41 cases. 238 38

In order to examine the relative usefulness of measurements of oncoplacental proteins as tumor markers in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, the authors measured alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), human placental lactogen (hPL), and placental cystine aminopeptidase (oxytocinase, CAP) in serial blood samples obtained from 26 men with these neoplasms. HCG and AFP were each elevated in 62% of the patients and both were elevated in 38%. SP1 and hPL were increased in 31% and 12%, respectively. None of the patients had elevated CAP activity. Serum hCG and SP1 concentrations were strongly correlated (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001). No patient had an elevated SP1 without a concomitant elevation in serum hCG. Serial measurements of hCG and SP1 indicated that they were concordant in five of the eight patients in whom both were elevated, and AFP and hCG were concordant in only one half of the ten patients in whom both markers were elevated. The number of patients with hPL elevations were too few for meaningful comparison of this marker with the others. These results indicate that measurements of SP1, hPL, and CAP do not provide additional useful information over that obtained from measurements of hCG and AFP in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Trophoblastic proteins as tumor markers in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. 242 Apr 42

The histogenetic origin of the spindle-cell component of spindle-cell carcinoma of the head and neck mucosa remains controversial. The spindle cells have been considered a variant growth pattern of squamous-cell carcinoma, a non-neoplastic mesenchymal reaction, and a malignant admixture of epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasm. To evaluate the spindle-cell component, we studied 25 tumors (18 biphasic and seven monophasic) by utilizing the following: an avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique with a variety of antikeratin antibodies (AE1, AE3, CAM 5.2, 35BH11, and polyclonal Dako) and a monoclonal antivimentin antibody, and an avidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase double-labeling technique to detect coexpression of keratin and vimentin. The immunohistologic staining pattern was compared with electron-microscopic studies. Eight of 18 biphasic neoplasms contained immunoreactive keratin in the spindle-cell component that was distributed focally in a minority of cells in 3 tumors and diffusely throughout five of the neoplasms. Four of seven ulcerated monophasic spindle-cell tumors devoid of histologic squamous-cell carcinoma also were keratin positive, confirming epithelial differentiation. The majority of the spindle cells in all the tumors contained vimentin intermediate filaments. In three immunoperoxidase keratin positive biphasic tumors examined with alkaline phosphatase double labeling, occasional spindle cells were found that coexpressed keratin and vimentin and were interspersed with cells expressing either intermediate filament. Electron microscopy was performed on the spindle-cell component of 13 tumors, nine biphasic and four monophasic. Of the biphasic tumors, four were immunoperoxidase keratin positive; three of these showed epithelial differentiation by electron microscopy. Five biphasic tumors were keratin negative, and three tumors had epithelial differentiation by electron microscopy. Four monophasic spindle-cell tumors were immunoperoxidase keratin positive, and one of these had epithelial features by electron microscopy. Two monophasic tumors were keratin negative and without ultrastructural evidence of epithelial features. By using a combination of immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic observations, we identified evidence for epithelial differentiation in the spindled cells in 11 of 18 biphasic tumors and four of seven monophasic spindle-cell tumors.
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PMID:Spindle-cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa. An immunohistologic and ultrastructural study of 18 biphasic tumors and comparison with seven monophasic spindle-cell tumors. 243 Apr 74


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