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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-seven cases of cystosarcoma phyllodes (CSP) diagnosed at the Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, were reviewed. Of the twenty-seven cases, seventy per cent were benign, thirty per cent were malignant. One of the malignant cases was transformed from benign one. Of the benign CSPs, one had multifocal lesions and eight were associated with other breast lumps, including fibroadenoma and fibrocystic disease. The mean age of patients with benign CSP was 33 years old, and with malignant CSP, 52 years old. The most frequent location was in upper outer quadrant. We found no positive correlation between tumor size, clinical symptoms, tumor epithelial carcinoembryonic antigen, hypervascularity, mixed mesenchymal components, and benign or malignant CSP. Estrogen and/or progesterone receptors were positive in five benign CSPs detected, but malignant CSP was negative. Variable degrees of epithelial hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, and apocrine metaplasia, were found in both benign and malignant CSPs. Part of the epithelial component in CSP may be derived from normal breast lobule and duct being trapped into the tumor during tumor infiltration. The mesenchymal differentiation in malignant CSPs include fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, liposarcoma, and collision of chondrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. One of the malignant CSPs was found within an old, calcified fibroadenoma. When benign CSP was excised under impression of fibroadenoma, the recurrent rate was 50%. In view of this, we recommend a wide excision for a benign CSP. No axillary lymph node metastasis was detected in malignant CSP, so radical mastectomy was not indicated.
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PMID:[Breast cystosarcoma phyllodes. A clinicopathologic study of twenty-seven cases]. 217 71

Cytotoxic chemotherapy has not provided survival benefit in metastatic prostate cancer, although it has been used most frequently in patients with far-advanced, refractory disease. To evaluate the effects of chemotherapy given earlier in the course of the disease, the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) performed a randomized trial between September 1982 and October 1986 comparing endocrine therapy (diethylstilbestrol [DES] or orchiectomy) alone followed by cyclophosphamide-Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) chemotherapy at progression versus initial combined chemo-endocrine therapy. One hundred forty-three patients were registered, and only six were declared ineligible. Patients on the combined chemo-endocrine therapy arm had a slightly higher response rate (63%) compared with endocrine therapy alone (48%). A log-linear model of tumor response and treatment arm adjusted for the stratification factors favored the combination arm (P = .059). Only three of 27 patients on the endocrine therapy alone arm had an objective partial response when crossed over to chemotherapy, while two others had stable disease. Despite the difference in initial response rate, time to treatment failure and survival were identical in the two treatment arms. Seventy-seven percent of patients on the initial endocrine therapy alone arm have died (median survival, 25.6 months) compared with 78% on the chemo-endocrine therapy arm (median survival, 22.0 months). No significant effect of treatment on survival was observed even after adjustment for the stratification variables in a Cox regression model. Exploratory survival analyses with patients on both arms combined did show a marginally significant time to treatment failure and survival advantage for patients treated with DES rather than orchiectomy as initial endocrine therapy. Eighty-six percent of patients treated by orchiectomy have died compared with only 65% of those treated with DES. These data do not support the addition of cytotoxic chemotherapy to initial endocrine therapy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
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PMID:Combined versus sequential chemo-endocrine therapy in advanced prostate cancer: final results of a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. 221 4

This study was done to review critically the experience at the University of California at San Diego in needle localization mammographic biopsy of the breast with regard to use and accuracy in identifying early carcinoma of the breast. Ninety-seven patients underwent needle localization mammographic biopsy of the breast between 1985 and 1987. Indications for this procedure included the presence of microcalcifications or a mass shown on mammographic examination, or both, in conjunction with physical examination which did not define a discrete abnormality in the area. Mammographic, demographic, pathologic, hormone receptor data and staging information were recorded and processed on the MicroVax II computer (Digital Equipment Corporation). Twenty-four per cent of lesions with needle localization mammographic assisted biopsy proved to be malignant. Sixteen lesions were diagnosed as an infiltrating ductal carcinoma and ten of these had an accompanying intraductal carcinoma. Over-all, intraductal carcinoma was present in 16 of the 23 specimens diagnosed as malignant. At biopsy, the margins were clear in 17 of 23, and vascular invasion was present in only one patient with an infiltrating lobular carcinoma. Five were tumor in situ, 12 were stage 1 and five were stage 2 (staging information was not available in one instance). Hormone receptor data were available in 17 of 23 specimens. Estrogen receptors were positive in 13 and progesterone receptors were positive in six. The smallest preinvasive malignant lesion was 4 millimeters, as seen on the mammogram, and the smallest free-standing invasive lesion was 8 millimeters. Preinvasive lesions (intraductal) presented as microcalcifications in 80 per cent. Invasive lesions presented as either a mass (n = 9) or as a mass and microcalcifications (n = 5) in 81 per cent. All five lesions presenting as both a mass and microcalcifications on mammogram proved to be malignant. Multifocal lesions on mammographic examination which proved to be malignant were multifocal pathologically in only 50 per cent. Needle localization mammographic biopsy is useful in detecting early carcinoma of the breast. Biopsy should be done on lesions presenting on mammogram as both a mass and microcalcifications and not observed. Focality of lesions on mammogram does not correlate with focality on biopsy and may be misleading as criteria for operative planning.
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PMID:The predictive value of needle localization mammographically assisted biopsy of the breast. 223 18

Premenopausal breast cancer patients frequently develop amenorrhea during adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite psychic distress and severe weight loss are possible causes for secondary amenorrhea in cancer patients, it is in this case due to the gonadotoxicity of the cytostatic drugs. Alkylating agents, such as cyclophosphamide, damage ovaries directly, resulting in ovarian fibrosis, atretic follicles and decline in estrogen production. Elevated plasma levels of LH and FSH show adequate reaction of the hypothalamohypophyseal unit. There is no change in the androgen production of stromal cells as well as in the plasma levels of prolactin and adrenal androgen precursors. Ovarian damage goes along with hot flushes, loss of libido and dyspareunia. The onset of amenorrhea is age- and dose-related. Commonly the changes are irreversible. Estrogen replacement therapy promptly removes menopausal symptoms but is contra-indicated regarding the possible hormone-dependence of the tumor. In this case low dose medroxy-progesterone acetate is indicated.
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PMID:[Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer on gonadal function]. 223 81

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were assayed in the center and the periphery of 24 primary breast cancers and correlated with seven morphological features of the tumors. Quantitative variations in ER and PR contents between center and periphery were not significant, and the major discordance rate of the receptor status was only 8.3% for ER and 12.5% for PR. Among all morphological features studied, only tumor cellularity was correlated with steroid receptors; thus 18 out of 19 ER-positive samples (p less than 0.005) and 15 out of 16 PR-positive samples (p less than 0.025) were tumor cellularity 2-3, and higher ER (p less than 0.003) and PR (p less than 0.007) levels were found in tumor cellularity 2-3. Our results indicate that steroid receptors should be assayed in samples with a high content of tumor cellularity, whether the sample is taken from the center or the periphery of the tumor.
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PMID:Intratumoral variation of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: relationship with histopathological characteristics of the tumor. 230 Mar 92

The proliferative activity of 163 primary breast cancers was assessed by immunocytochemistry with the mouse monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which recognizes a nuclear antigen expressed in all phases of the cell cycle except for Go. The overall frequency distribution of Ki-67 staining was of exponential type, with percentage of positive staining cells ranging from 0.3 to 88.3%, with a median value of 10.1%. No relationship was observed between Ki-67 values and menopausal status of patients. A significant positive correlation was found between Ki-67 values and tumor grade, especially mitotic grade. Estrogen Receptors (ER) were assayed by immunocytochemistry with ER-ICA method and by dextran-coated charcoal method (DCC) in 129 and 141 tumors, respectively. A negative correlation was found between the ER content by both methods and Ki-67 score. Eighty-nine percent of cases with Ki-67 value less than 10.1% contained more than 10% ER-ICA-positive cells. Progesterone receptors (PgR) were assayed by immunocytochemistry with PgR-ICA method and by DCC in 62 and 141 tumors, respectively. A negative correlation was observed between the PgR content by both methods and Ki-67 score. No correlation was found between Ki-67 score and lymph node involvement by tumor. These findings suggests that Ki-67 score could be used as an independent prognostic marker, useful to distinguish different risk for recurrence within the two clinically heterogeneous groups of N- and N+ patients.
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PMID:Assessment of proliferative rate of breast cancer by Ki-67 monoclonal antibody. 230 19

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was fed chronically to C57BL/6 mice at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 160, 320, or 640 ppb in order to define the dose-response curve for neoplastic responses. The incidence of thyroid follicular cell adenomas was higher in control females than in males and was increased at mid-level doses of DES, especially in males. None were found in mice fed 640 ppb DES, probably because these mice died from other causes before follicular cell adenomas had developed. In both sexes, DES fed at 160 or 320 ppb significantly shortened time-to-onset of these tumors, and 40 ppb increased their probability late in life. It is concluded that DES has a causal relationship to thyroid neoplasia in C57BL/6 mice, and similarities between this and the human disease suggest that C57BL/6 mice may be an appropriate model for human thyroid neoplasia.
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PMID:Estrogen-induced thyroid follicular cell adenomas in C57BL/6 mice. 231 39

UM-EC-2 was established from a patient with poorly differentiated stage IB endometrial carcinoma. This cell line produces tumors in nude mice that have the same histological features as the patient's tumor. UM-EC-2 cells express b2-microglobulin, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF), and the H blood group antigen. This membrane antigen phenotype is consistent with cells of human endometrial origin. The karyotype of UM-EC-2 is fairly complex, with rearrangements affecting all chromosomes except 3, 10, 14, 19, and 20. There were two populations of cells, a hyperdiploid population with a modal number of 53-55 and a hypertetraploid population with a modal number of 109. A postulated sequence of events before and after tetraploidization is suggested based on the number of copies of individual chromosomes and rearrangements. Comparison of the UM-EC-2 karyotype to that of UM-EC-1 (a previously described line from a different patient with endometrial carcinoma) revealed that the two lines share eight very similar chromosome changes, which include loss of most of chromosome 4, breakpoints affecting proximal bands on 8p, loss of most of 9q, a breakpoint at 12q22, loss of 13q, breakpoints in proximal bands on 18q, and a breakpoint at 22p11. These changes may represent nonrandom chromosome abnormalities in poorly differentiated endometrial cancer. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors were not detected in either the primary tumor or the cell line. Nevertheless, UM-EC-2 cells were very sensitive to growth inhibition by tamoxifen (TAM) in vitro. One micromolar TAM caused 50% inhibition of cell growth, 2.5 microM caused cytostasis, and 5 microM TAM was cytotoxic, killing all cells after 5-7 days of exposure to the drug. Paradoxically, 100 nM estradiol (E2) caused a moderate increase in the growth of the cells but it did not prevent or reverse growth inhibitory effects of TAM. These findings support the concept that in some tumors TAM causes growth inhibition by an ER-independent mechanism. UM-EC-2 cells were also sensitive to growth regulation by EGF. Thus, these cells provide a new in vitro model of human endometrial cancer in which the roles of both TAM and EGF as growth regulatory substances can be investigated.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of UM-EC-2, a tamoxifen-sensitive, estrogen receptor-negative human endometrial carcinoma cell line. 234 64

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to be important in regulating the growth of breast cancer cells in vivo because of its mitogenic action on some breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Immunocytochemical analysis of EGF receptor (EGFr) was carried out on frozen sections in 134 primary breast cancer patients. Overall 68 of 134 (51%) of the tumors were EGFr positive. There was no correlation between EGFr positivity and menopausal status. Regarding the histopathological features, no significant correlations were observed between EGFr expression and tumor size, grading and lymph nodes status. Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors were detected by an immunocytochemical assay and an equal distribution of EGFr was found regarding steroid hormonal receptors expression. Finally, there was only a positive trend between the proliferative activity of the tumors, as measured by Ki-67 antibody, and the amount of EGFr. Our results suggest the presence of a subclass of breast tumors, characterized by the absence of ER and/or PgR and the presence of EGFr, whose growth appears to be mediated by autocrine growth factors rather than by steroid hormones. The overall picture is that of an independent relationship between EGFr expression and the known prognostic factors in breast cancer.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical determination of epidermal growth factor receptor with monoclonal EGFR1 antibody in primary breast cancer patients. 236 59

Estrogen (ER), progestin (PGR), and androgen (AR) receptors were assayed in cytosols prepared from 38 various intracranial tumors. The receptors were in the following proportions (number of receptor-positive/number of tumors examined): meningiomas were positive for PGR (4/6) and AR (2/5); glioblastomas were also positive for PGR (3/21) and AR (7/21); astrocytomas were positive only for PGR (4/5); and oligodendrogliomas only for AR. In two hamartomas AR was present, while in one chordoma both PGR and AR were present. In this latter tumor ER were not assayed due to insufficient material. The receptors were present in concentrations between 10 and 20 fmol/mg protein. Exceptions were two meningiomas and a chordoma with a high concentration of PGR and AR. Our results support the notion that a proportion of intracranial tumors contains sex steroid receptors, and some of these tumors might be hormonally dependent.
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PMID:Sex steroid receptors in intracranial tumors. 237 66


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