Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors evaluated the levels of a mucinous-like carcinoma antigen (M.C.A.) in the serum of 105 follow-up patients with breast carcinoma by means of an enzyme immunoassay. The negative/positive cut-off level determined in a group of healthy women was 13.2 U/ml. 80 patients turned out to be free disease, while 25 patients showed relapse or metastasis. High levels of MCA were observed in 72.0% of the patients with renewal of the neoplastic disease as well as in 12.5% of the free disease subjects. The EIA method appeared to have a good specificity (87.5%) and a fair test efficiency (83.8%). On the contrary, its sensitivity (72.0%) and its predictive value (64.3%) were not completely satisfactory. Therefore we think the matter needs to be studied more deeply and so does the case-report.
 ...
PMID:Clinical value of a new tumor marker (M.C.A.) in the breast cancer follow-up. 210 15

Lymph nodes draining the progressively growing, weakly immunogenic, MCA 105 sarcoma contained tumor-sensitized but not fully functional pre-effector T-cells. These cells could further differentiate to acquire full antitumor effector function for adoptive therapy in an established in vitro sensitization (IVS) procedure. In this study, we utilized selective depletion with antibodies of lymphocyte subsets bearing the L3T4 (CD4) or Lyt-2 (CD8) antigen and of cells bearing the asialo-GM1 (ASGM-1) glycosphingolipid to identify the phenotype of pre-effector cells elicited during progressive tumor growth. Cells from lymph nodes draining a progressive MCA 105 tumor in the footpad were treated with antibodies plus complement prior to IVS. The antitumor efficacy of resulting IVS cells was assessed in adoptive therapy of 3-day established pulmonary MCA 105 metastases. Depletion of Lyt-2+ cells eliminated in vivo antitumor reactivity with concurrent elimination of in vitro cytotoxic activity against the MCA 105 tumor, whereas depletion of L3T4+ cells did not have an impact on either in vivo or in vitro antitumor reactivities. Treatment with ASGM-1 antiserum plus complement was also found to abrogate therapeutic efficacy. However, the in vitro cytotoxic activity was not affected. These results indicate that the pre-effector cells were Lyt-2+, L3T4-, and ASGM-1+. We next examined whether the sensitization of pre-effector cells in vivo required the participation of L3T4+ helper cells. To approach this, mice were depleted of L3T4+, Lyt-2+, or ASGM-1+ cells by antibody injections before tumor inoculation. Treatment with Lyt-2 monoclonal antibody abrogated the pre-effector cell response in the draining lymph nodes, as evidenced by failure to generate therapeutically effective cells following IVS. On the other hand, neither L3T4 nor ASGM-1 antibody treatment affected the generation of pre-effector cells. Thus, sensitization of Lyt-2+ pre-effector cells in response to progressive tumor occurred in the absence of L3T4+ helper cells.
 ...
PMID:Phenotype analyses and cellular mechanisms of the pre-effector T-lymphocyte response to a progressive syngeneic murine sarcoma. 211 15

An experimental model of hepatic metastases in C57BL/6 mice was used to compare the antitumor effects of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, anti-CD3-activated T-cells (ATC), and anti-CD3 alone. Liver metastases were produced by in vivo passage of MCA-38-LD adenocarcinoma via the ileocolic vein. LAK cells and ATC were generated by 3-day in vitro incubation of spleen cells in interleukin 2 and anti-CD3, respectively. Percentage of tumor volume in livers was determined with a morphometric technique. With less than therapeutic LAK cell doses (0.5-1.0 x 10(7) cells), no effect was seen in mean (+SE, -SE) percentage of tumor volume of control [23.3 (29.3, 18.5)] compared to LAK cell-treated [21.6 (29.3, 15.9)] animals. The same number of ATC significantly reduced the mean percentage of tumor volume [2.7 (4.7, 1.4)] (P less than 0.005). High dose interleukin 2 also significantly decreased tumor volume. More strikingly, a single dose of anti-CD3 alone had a beneficial effect on mean percentage of tumor volume when given i.p. [1.0 (1.9, 0.4)] or i.v. [1.2 (1.7, 0.7)] (P less than 0.0003). A total of 33% of anti-CD3-treated mice had no detectable liver metastases. In 51Cr release assays, the cytotoxicity of ATC was shown to be partially mediated by nylon wool-adherent accessory cells. The effectiveness of anti-CD3 in this immunotherapy model suggests that a similar approach may be taken to immunotherapy of human malignancies, without the requirements for in vitro-generated killer cells or exogenously administered interleukin 2.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of cellular immunotherapies and anti-CD3 in the treatment of MCA-38-LD experimental hepatic metastases in C57BL/6 mice. 213 7

We have shown that a T-cell clone derived from murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be established that mediates in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects. Utilizing this clone as a model, we examined the effect of cytokines on T-cell antitumor effector mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. This clone, termed BF-1, was generated by limiting dilution culture of a freshly excised MC-38 tumor, growing it in low levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), and has been maintained for over 600 days. This clone became specifically cytotoxic for the MC-38 tumor during its first 100 days of culture. Pretreatment of the parental MC-38 tumor cell line with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increased its susceptibility to lysis by the BF-1 TIL line, but not to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer cells, in in vitro cytotoxicity assays. This increased susceptibility of the cytokine-pretreated targets was restricted to the parental tumor (MC-38), since similar pretreatment of MCA-102, MCA-105, or MCA-106 tumors did not render them susceptible to lysis by BF-1 TILs. This increased sensitivity to lysis in vitro was not the result of a change in the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. In experiments testing the ability of TILs to treat established lung metastases, the combination of TNF, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TILs was shown to increase significantly the antitumor properties of this therapy when compared to TILs and IL-2. This result demonstrates that combinations of lymphokines, which when administered alone do not affect micrometastatic tumor burdens (TNF, IFN-gamma), can synergize with cellular immunotherapy in the treatment of established tumor burdens and may have applicabilities to the treatment of cancer in humans.
 ...
PMID:In vitro and in vivo antitumor properties of a T-cell clone generated from murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. 217 66

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) comprise a subpopulation of lymphoid cells that infiltrate into growing tumors. These cells can be activated in vitro with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) to become highly cytotoxic against fresh tumor targets in vitro and against a variety of systemic metastases in vivo. OK-432 is a well-known inducer of NK cells and immune effector T cells. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of OK-432 on (a) the generation and (b) the cytotoxic potential of rIL-2-induced TILs. When TILs obtained from a murine colon adenocarcinoma (the MC-38 tumor) were cultured in complete media supplemented with 100 U of rIL-2/ml and 1.0 microgram of OK-432/ml, the number of TILs generated was greater than that seen with rIL-2 or OK-432 alone (number of TILs on day 15 of culture: 100 U of rIL-2/ml: 268 x 10(5) TILs; 1.0 microgram of OK-432/ml: 30 x 10(5) TILs; 100 U of rIL-2/ml + 1.0 microgram of OK-432/ml: 528 x 10(5) TILs). Higher concentrations of OK-432 had deleterious effects on TIL growth characteristics. TILs generated in 100 U of rIL-2 and 1.0 microgram of OK-432/ml of complete media demonstrated greater tumor lysis compared to rIL-2 alone (% lysis against MCA-102 target; 100 U of rIL-2/ml: 12%; 100 U of rIL-2/ml and 1.0 microgram of OK-432/ml: 50%; effector target ratio 20:1; p less than 0.001). Similar results were seen against the NK-sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma target.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Synergistic actions of picibanil (OK-432) on recombinant interleukin-2 induction of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte expansion, cytotoxicity, and phenotypic differentiation. 218 Oct 72

The clinical application of circulating tumor markers remains a controversial subject in terms of useful methods and correct interpretation of findings. In particular and despite numerous investigations in the field, we do not have as yet specific or highly sensitive biological markers in breast cancer. Nevertheless, many oncologists often utilize circulating tumor markers in various phases of this malignancy to obtain additional information about disease extent and clinical course. For this reason, we have reviewed the present status of the most widely used serum tumor markers in this neoplasm. Both CEA and TPA are well known, but their organ specificity is not related to breast. Among novel biological markers identified by monoclonal antibodies, special attention has been devoted to circulating agents that are recognized by immunoreagents and that were obtained by immunization with breast-derived products. Both CA 15.3 and MCA are now being validated at the clinical level. From the present review it is clear that today we are still far from being able to make the diagnosis of breast cancer on the sole basis of laboratory findings. On the contrary, some of the available markers can be utilized as prognostic indicators of disease extent and treatment response. Their value greatly increases when combined with conventional diagnostic methods that can be prescribed on the basis of abnormal laboratory findings to confirm or rule out disease recurrence.
 ...
PMID:Circulating tumor markers in breast cancer (review). 218 87

Methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas (MCA-S) have different growth patterns in diabetic (D) and nondiabetic (ND) rats. Diabetes delays the early phase of tumor growth and prolongs survival. This study evaluated MCA-S growth and its relation to insulin receptors (IR) and glucose uptake. Fisher 344 rats 150-200 g were assigned to two groups: Diabetic tumor bearers (DTB, n = 26) and nondiabetic tumor bearers (NDTB, n = 18). Diabetes was induced with iv streptozocin (40 mg/kg); MCA-S was inoculated (1 X 10(6) cells) subcutaneously 10 days later. Animals were sacrificed during early growth (tumor volume less than or equal to 20 cc) or logarithmic growth (tumor volume greater than 20 cc). IR assay was performed (0-10(5) ng/ml cold insulin, 25 X 10(3) cpm/tube A14 125I-insulin, 90 min, 15 degrees C, pH 7.8) on a single cell preparation. Serum glucose milligrams per deciliter and insulin nanograms per milliliter were assayed. Glucose uptake (dpm/g tissue/hr) was assayed 2 hr after an ip injection of 0.5 microCi 3-O[14C]methylglucose. Diabetic, tumor-bearing animals had a significantly increased number of insulin receptors at the small [less than or equal to 20 cc, 28.7 (D) vs 8.3 (ND)] and large [greater than 20 cc, 82.8 (D) vs 27.8 (ND)] tumor volumes. Glucose uptake was increased in the tumor at both volumes in the non-diabetic animals compared to the diabetic animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Changes in insulin receptors on methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma during growth. 219 Nov 69

We have shown previously that interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the interferon inducer ABPP can induce lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity in vivo after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. The antitumor effects of various immunotherapy regimens with IL-2, LAK cells, ABPP, and cyclophosphamide (CY) on microscopic (day 3) and on macroscopic (day 8) i.p. tumors, differing in histology and immunogenicity, were studied in C57BL6 mice. The immunogenic sarcomas MCA-105, -106, and the colon adenocarcinoma MCA-38, and the nonimmunogenic sarcomas MCA-101, -102 were used. After i.p. inoculation of 1 X 10(5) tumor cells i.p. on day 0, therapy with IL-2 +/- LAK cells consisted of 1 X 10(8) LAK cells, i.p., on day 3 and IL-2, 10k to 25k U, i.p., b.i.d., on days 3 to 7. Treatment with ABPP +/- CY consisted of CY, 50 mg/kg, i.p., on day 3 and/or 8 ABPP, 250 mg/kg on days 3, 4 and/or 8, 9. In the treatment of micrometastases, IL-2 + LAK cell therapy was effective against all tumors. Therapy with low dose IL-2 alone was effective only against immunogenic tumors. Combined therapy with CY was very effective against the immunogenic tumors and prolonged survival significantly. Only marginal antitumor effects were seen against nonimmunogenic tumors. In the setting of advanced tumor, chemoimmunotherapy was only successful against immunogenic tumors. These observations demonstrate that the immunogenicity of the tumor is of major importance in the outcome of immunotherapy, especially in the setting of advanced disease. This indicates that, apart from LAK cells, the in vivo activation of other cytotoxic effector cells is important in the rejection of immunogenic tumors.
 ...
PMID:Immunogenicity of the tumor determines the outcome of immunotherapy with interleukin-2, ABPP, and cyclophosphamide of micro- and macrometastatic intraperitoneal tumor. 222 11

MCA serum levels were determined in 27 healthy subjects, 136 with benign pathology (42 breast) and in 289 patients with cancer (247 active). The last group includes 223 patients with breast cancer (96 without metastases, 89 with metastases and 38 no-evidence of disease). CEA and CA15-3 serum levels were determined in all the patients with breast diseases. The mean levels of MCA were 4.7 + 2.4 U/ml in the control group, considering less than 11 U/ml as normal. MCA values were abnormal in 15.4% of patients with benign pathology, mainly in those with liver cirrhosis (8/20) and lung diseases (4/20). In the majority of these cases, the rise was only moderate, lower than 15 U/ml in 97.5% of patients. In malignant diseases, important increments were found in breast cancer (19.8% Mo, 77.5% M1) and ovarian cancer stages III-IV (44.4%). When we compared MCA serum levels with CA15-3 and CEA in breast pathology, a similar specificity was observed: 92.3%, 92.3% and 100% in cases with benign pathology and 92.1%, 94.7%, and 97.4% in NED patients, respectively. MCA and CA15-3 sensitivity was similar in breast cancer without metastases (19.8%) and lower for CEA (16.7%). In patients with breast cancer without metastases, we found a relation between positivity of these tumor markers and prognostic factors (tumor size, nodal involvement). The disease free interval in patients with locoregional breast cancer was shorter in cases with abnormal presurgical levels of some of the tumor markers, but only the difference from MCA was significant (p less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:MCA in patients with breast cancer: correlation with CEA and CA15-3. 223 Mar 47

The use of fine needle aspiration (FNA) to obtain a diagnosis of malignancy is established in the practice of oncology, but there is little information on its accuracy in sampling tumor DNA content. We therefore compared flow cytometric DNA data obtained from FNA-derived samples with that obtained after digestion of the same murine tumor from which the aspirates had been taken. Fifteen female C3Hf/Kam mice were implanted with MCA-29 tumor cells from the same source tumor. MCA-29 is a multiploid mammary adenocarcinoma with two aneuploid populations (DNA Index of A = 1.67, B = 1.89). The tumors were grown to a mean size of 8.6 mm. After sacrifice, three FNAs were performed on each tumor, following which the whole tumor (WT) was excised and homogenized. All FNA and WT samples were digested with 0.04% pepsin and the nuclei stained with propidium iodide in preparation for flow cytometry. DNA histograms of the aspirates were compared with the corresponding WT histograms. Any single FNA detected population A in all (100%) cases and detected the less prominent population B in 94.3% of instances. Any single FNA was able to detect the same populations that were present in the whole tumor in 95.4% of cases, while the set of three aspirates matched the corresponding WT in 100% of cases. We conclude that FNA DNA histograms are accurate for the assessment of ploidy, but that in order to ensure detection of all tumor populations present, multiple aspirates are needed.
 ...
PMID:The accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy for flow cytometric determination of tumor DNA content. 224 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10