Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levels of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were measured in 81 patients with primary cervical cancer. In 10 patients, receptor levels were evaluated before and after a short course of tamoxifen treatment. Fifty-six percent of cervical tumors contained ER, and 58%, PR. Receptor level and expression were not related to any clinical and histological characteristic. Moreover, both survival time and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not correlate with the presence of ER and PR. Tamoxifen treatment did not influence ER and PR levels. Our results suggest that steroid hormone receptors are of little value in the management of cervical cancer, and that in this neoplasia, ER is probably not functional.
 ...
PMID:Steroid hormone receptors in carcinoma of the cervix: lack of response to an antiestrogen. 235 14

Tamoxifen, an antiestrogen with efficacy in treatment of both estrogen receptor-positive and negative breast tumors, may be immunomodulatory. We tested tamoxifen's ability to augment the antitumor activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a lymphokine capable of expanding and activating lymphocytes, in the treatment of established pulmonary metastases of the weakly immunogenic murine fibrosarcoma MCA-106. Age-matched C57BL/6 female mice bearing pulmonary metastases induced by a tail vein injection of MCA-106 tumor suspension (5 x 10(5) cells/mouse) were treated from days 3 through 12 with intraperitoneal saline solution or IL-2 (50,000 units twice a day). Half of the mice in each group received plain and the remainder received tamoxifen-treated (2 units/ml) drinking water ad libitum for the duration of the experiment. All mice were killed on day 18 for enumeration of pulmonary metastases. Compared with saline-treated control mice, IL-2 and tamoxifen reduced metastases by 66% (p less than 0.0002) and 30% (p less than 0.005), respectively. IL-2 and tamoxifen combined reduced metastases 95% (p less than 0.0002), significantly better than did IL-2 (p less than 0.02) or tamoxifen (p less than 0.0003) alone. In vitro, tamoxifen inhibited proliferation of the weakly estrogen receptor-positive MCA-106 tumor by approximately 30%. Tamoxifen had no effect on the generation of 3-day IL-2-activated lymphocyte cytotoxicity against both natural killer-sensitive (YAC) and natural killer-resistant (MCA-106) target cells. Both YAC and MCA-106 tumor became more resistant to lysis with increased concentration of tamoxifen. This is the first demonstration of in vivo potentiation of IL-2 antitumor activity by tamoxifen and suggests its possible use clinically.
 ...
PMID:Tamoxifen potentiates in vivo antitumor activity of interleukin-2. 238 15

To evaluate the role of small amounts of DHT in prostate tissue as a stimulus to epithelial cell growth (protein synthesis) we studied tissue from patients given various androgen-blocking drugs prior to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and measured epithelial protein synthesis and DHT in the tissue specimens. We also studied the effects on stromal cell protein synthesis of an antiestrogen, tamoxifen. Test drugs prior to TURP included Megace 160 mg per day, Megace 160 mg per day plus Tamoxifen 40 mg per day, Megace 160 mg a day plus ketoconazole 1200 mg per day and tamoxifen 40 mg/day. The tissue was processed immediately and epithelial and stromal cells separated by digestion of tissue with 0.5% collagenase. After separation, epithelial cells were labeled with either [3H]leucine or L-[35S]methionine. Stromal cells were labelled with [3H]proline. DHT was measured in whole prostate tissue. Megace alone and Megace plus tamoxifen significantly decreased both [3H]leucine incorporation into protein and tissue concentration of DHT; Megace plus ketoconazole significantly decreased L-[35S]methionine incorporation into protein and DHT. Tamoxifen significantly decreased stromal protein synthesis. When the data correlating DHT with epithelial protein synthesis using both labeling techniques were combined, the curves were parallel and a strong correlation was noted between DHT and protein synthesis over a wide range of values (P less than 0.001). These results suggest that in hormone-dependent prostate cancer even small amounts of prostate DHT such as may occur from adrenal androgens following castration may significantly stimulate growth of the tumor epithelial cells. Since tamoxifen decreased stromal protein synthesis, estrogen is likely a significant growth stimulus to the increased stromal mass characteristic of benign prostatic hypertrophy.
 ...
PMID:Effect of antiandrogen and/or antiestrogen blockade on human prostate epithelial and stromal cell protein synthesis. 243 6

Following reports that specific estrogen receptors could be detected in samples of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue, a prospective randomized controlled trial was undertaken in 59 patients, half of whom received doxorubicin (60 mg/m2 at 3-week intervals) and half doxorubicin and tamoxifen (10 mg twice per day). Response occurred in three (11%) of those patients receiving doxorubicin alone and in four (16%) of those given both drugs. This difference was not statistically significant nor was the difference in survival when compared by life-table analysis. One patient treated with both drugs achieved complete remission for 30 months which was maintained (on tamoxifen alone) for 18 months before death from a non-tumor-related condition. Tamoxifen may have a role in maintenance of doxorubicin-induced remissions.
 ...
PMID:Controlled clinical trial of doxorubicin and tamoxifen versus doxorubicin alone in hepatocellular carcinoma. 244 52

A significant level of estrogen receptors (ER) in breast cancer cells is an indication of tumor differentiation and suggests that a homeostatic control of cell growth may persist in these cancers. In medical practice, the Dextran-coated charcoal assays (DCCA) are still the most frequently used test to characterize patients having ER-positive malignant breast tumors and for whom hormonal therapy is justified. Nevertheless, this routine biochemical technique is not satisfactory because it is a broad method unsuitable for revealing receptor tissue heterogeneity. However, immunocytochemical labeling, such as the ER-ICA method, which involves a monoclonal antibody linked to peroxidase, is a specific reaction for this purpose but which until now was not quantitative. The present study uses an original cell preparation technique combining the PAP reaction with toluidine blue counterstain for image analysis on the SAMBA system. Special software has been developed for the quantitative analysis of immunocytochemistry in cancers. Results obtained showed a high correlation between the DCCA values and the score derived from the mean ER concentration per positive tumor cell and the labeling index. In addition, intracell and intratumor heterogeneity can be displayed according to several parameters and were shown to vary according to tumor and to antiestrogen (Tamoxifen) presurgical therapy.
 ...
PMID:Image cytometry of estrogen receptors in breast carcinomas. 246 34

A 52 years old female with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was treated successfully with Tamoxifen. The tumor involved IV hepatic segment with hilar extension and biliary obstruction, was unresectable, and had been pretreated with hormone-chemotherapy. Tamoxifen treatment induced a PR of 6 months, with normalization of serum bilirubin, reduction of alfa-fetoprotein level and improvement of PS, and was free of toxicity. At disease progression intra-arterial chemotherapy with Cis platinum (CDDP) and 5-FU gave a further 4 months PR, until disease progression and exitus in hepatic coma. Tamoxifen therapy, even in the absence of E.R. assay is a useful tool in the management of HCC patients. Further randomized studies are necessary to ascertain the role of Tamoxifen in the treatment of HCC.
 ...
PMID:[Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): the long-term response to tamoxifen. A clinical case report and review of the literature]. 256 Jan 53

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of postoperative therapy with tamoxifen (10 mg twice a day) in 2644 patients with breast cancer, histologically negative axillary nodes, and estrogen-receptor-positive (greater than or equal to 10 fmol) tumors. No survival advantage was observed during four years of follow-up (92 percent for placebo vs. 93 percent for tamoxifen; P = 0.3). There was a significant prolongation of disease-free survival among women treated with tamoxifen, as compared with those receiving placebo (83 percent vs. 77 percent; P less than 0.00001). This advantage was observed in both the patients less than or equal to 49 years old (P = 0.0005) and those greater than or equal to 50 (P = 0.0008), particularly in the former, among whom the rate of treatment failure was reduced by 44 percent. Multivariate analysis indicated that all subgroups of patients benefited. Tamoxifen significantly reduced the rate of treatment failure at local and distant sites, tumors in the opposite breast, and the incidence of tumor recurrence after lumpectomy and breast irradiation. The benefit was attained with a low incidence of clinically appreciable toxic effects. The magnitude of the improvement obtained does not preclude the need for future trials in which patients given tamoxifen could serve as the control group in an evaluation of potentially better therapies. Tamoxifen treatment is justified in patients who meet the eligibility criteria of the present study and who refuse to participate in those trials. Since patients with tumors too small for conventional analysis of estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor concentrations were not eligible for this study, no information is available to indicate that such patients should receive tamoxifen.
 ...
PMID:A randomized clinical trial evaluating tamoxifen in the treatment of patients with node-negative breast cancer who have estrogen-receptor-positive tumors. 264 32

One hundred and one postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer were enrolled in a randomized phase II clinical trial to investigate the clinical and hormonal response to aminoglutethimide administered at daily doses of 2 x 125 mg, 3 x 125 mg or 2 x 250 mg, with no addition of hydrocortisone. Among 71 evaluable patients 25% showed objective tumor response (three complete, 15 partial), at all three dose levels and irrespective of the major tumor site. Previous treatment with Tamoxifen had been successful in 75%. Out of the 18 responding patients 10 had estrogen receptor positive, four had estrogen receptor negative tumors; the receptor status was unknown in four other patients. Progression-free interval was more than 700 days in 50% of the responders. Drowsiness caused early drug withdrawal in one patient. Side-effects were very mild, comparing favorably with standard therapy of 250 mg aminoglutethimide q.i.d. plus hydrocortisone. Plasma estrogen levels were reduced by all doses to the same 50% or less as in patients on standard treatment. In nine out of 27 patients a further decrease of estrone levels could be monitored with clinically improved results in five. Plasma cortisol and mineralocorticoids remained normal throughout more than 6 months. The original role of hydrocortisone administration to suppress a reflex rise of ATH in 'medical adrenalectomy' with standard dose aminoglutethimide is no longer tenable. Further phase III comparative clinical results pending, low dose aminoglutethimide as an aromatase inhibitor may at present be considered as an appropriate second-line endocrine treatment with low toxicity and expense.
 ...
PMID:Low dose aminoglutethimide without hydrocortisone for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. 270 89

One of two patients with systemic metastases from a poorly differentiated eccrine adenocarcinoma of the scalp was found to have a tumor positive for estradiol receptors. In the receptor positive patient, after tamoxifen therapy, the lymph node metastasis regressed completely and was associated with full relief of pain from osseous metastases for nearly 3 years. Subsequently, progressive painful osseous metastases in the spine, skull, pelvis, and femur were palliated for shorter periods with sequential systemic therapy with megestrol acetate and fluoxymesterone. Osseous metastases were also palliated with external radiation therapy. In contrast, despite external radiation therapy, brain metastases proved fatal. Tamoxifen was ineffective in the estradiol receptor negative patient. Based on this report, it may be valuable to determine the presence of estradiol receptor protein in eccrine carcinoma as a predictor of response to hormonal therapy.
 ...
PMID:Response of eccrine adenocarcinoma to tamoxifen. 273 82

Antineoplastic drugs (methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin) arrest the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice but have no influence on L-leucine uptake in vitro. Tamoxifen does not influence either process. Estradiol increases both the cellular proliferation and the amino acid uptake. The absence of estrogen receptors in the cells indicates that the hormone acts on cellular proliferation through mechanisms other than activation of DNA replication, such as stimulation of amino acid transport.
 ...
PMID:Effect of antineoplastic drugs and estradiol on leucine uptake and proliferation of Ehrlich tumor cells. 277 58


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>