Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteosarcomas were induced in approximately 80% of young New Zealand Black rats by the intratibial inoculation of Moloney murine sarcoma virus from day 1 to day 5 after birth. The neoplasms were composed of a spectrum of well-differentiated to poorly differentiated osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Budding of C-type viral particles was associated with tumor induction. Compared to rats inoculated on day 1 after birth, rats inoculated at 4 days of age developed consistently more osteoproliferative bone tumors that often were associated with hypercalcemia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, and elevated urinary hydroxyproline.
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PMID:Intratibial Moloney sarcoma virus-induced osteosarcoma in the rat: tumor incidence and pathologic evaluation. 26 94

Osteosarcoma cells (BFO cell line) were successfully maintained in tissue culture for 3 years. BFO cells showed 100 per cent tumorigenicity by the isologous implantation, and almost the same histological features as the original BF osteosarcoma. BFO cells synthesize and secrete large quantities of alkaline phosphatase both in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (tumor bearing mice). BFO cells showed a suppression in synthesizing the osteoinductive factor in vitro, but regained the capacity to synthesize it when implanted back into an isologous host. The cells showed rapid growth, a serum requirement, and no contact inhibition. Doubling time was 8.6 hours in a logarithmic growth phase. Cell cycle analyses by pulse labeling of 3H-thymidine was performed after synchronization of the cells by double treatment with an excess thymidine.
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PMID:Characteristics of osteosarcoma cells in culture. 26 6

Dunn osteosarcomas synthesize 2 times more alkaline phosphatase than do Ridgeway osteosarcomas, 3 times more than do HeLa cells, and 4 to 5 times more than do rat or mouse fibroblast cell cultures. Implants of killed freeze-dried Dunn cell cultures into the thigh muscles are resorbed and replaced by normal cartilage, bone, and bone marrow tissue, while implants of freeze-dried Ridgeway cells are resorbed and replaced by fibrous tissue only. Outgrowths of normal muscle septum connective tissue cells onto the stroma of Ridgeway tumors differentiate into fibrous tissue. Cultures of either tumor on a substratum of bone matrix stroma prepared from normal bone proliferate, assume a spherical shape, and perpetuate the transformed osteoblast-like cell without forming attachments or adapting to the contour of the substratum. Outgrwoths of muscle mesenchymal cells on the Dunn tumor stroma differentiate into cartilage. Dunn osteosarcoma cell cultures proliferate on the inside and produce deposits of normal bone (not tumorous bone) on the outside of diffusion chambers. Killed freeze-dried cell cultures produce transfilter deposits of normal bone and bone marrow, but the quantity is significantly lower. On a substratum of cellulose acetate, outgrowths of muscle connective tissue will differentiate into cartilage when cell-free Dunn stroma is present under the organ culture grid. Tumorigenesis and normal cartilage and bone morphodifferentiation are antithetic, but tumor cells transfer a bone morphogen similar to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) of normal bone matrix. BMP recruits mesenchymal cells to proliferate and differentiate into cartilage and bone.
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PMID:Osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in transplants of Dunn and Ridgway osteosarcoma cell cultures. 27 82

A case of fibrosarcoma of the maxilla with strong alkaline phosphatase activity in the tumor cells is described, and the significance of this enzyme is discussed.
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PMID:Fibrosarcoma of maxilla. Report of a case with histochemical studies. 28 80

Malignant degeneration of fibrous dysplasia is rare. It occurs with similar frequency at all ages and in both sexes. It is more frequent in cases of polyostotic than in monostotic fibrous dysplasia. In cases of fibrous dysplasia that do show malignant degeneration it is common to find that a high level of alkaline phosphatase persists in the serum, even in adults. Previous radiotherapeutic treatment appears to me a predisposing factor. Osteosarcoma is the most frequent neoplasm, followed at some distance by fibrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. The tumour is most often localised in the femur; it is not unusual to find it in the tibia, maxilla and mandible. The treatment and prognosis are the same as those of the involved malignant neoplasm.
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PMID:Malignant degeneration in fibrous dysplasia (presentation of 6 cases and review of the literature). 29 46

Colonic tissue membrane binding to peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes was quantitated by 125I labeling of membrane fragments and by determining the acquisition of membrane-specific enzyme activity and radioactivity in mononuclear cells after contact with the tissue membrane fragments. Mononuclear cells bound equal amounts of normal and tumor tissue membrane fragments. Mononuclear cells capable of binding homologous but not autologous colonic tissue membranes were recovered from the peripheral blood of colon cancer-bearing patients. Mononuclear cells capable of binding autologous colonic tissue membranes appeared in the peripheral blood of patients after curative but not palliative tumor resection. Tumor membrane enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, were introduced to mononuclear cells by bound tissue fragments. The activity of alkaline phosphatase present in the bound membrane fragments was inhibited by the immunorestorative drug, levamisole. Cellular debris liberated from tumors may play an important role in overcoming the host's defenses by binding to mononuclear cells, saturating antigen-binding sites, and introducing exogenous enzymes.
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PMID:Binding of colonic tissue membrane to mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes. 30 37

Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme expression of human tumor xenografts was studied by the growing of KB cells in immunosuppressed neonatal LEW rats. In culture these cells produced the oncoamniotic (FL) isoenzyme as the major form and the Regan isoenzyme as a minor fraction as well as a "hybrid" that shared properties of both of the other isoenzymes. Despite a reduction in specific activity, this isoenzyme pattern was essentially unchanged during in vivo growth. KB cells "pretreated" in culture with the glucocorticoid prednisolone in hyperosmolal medium exhibited a decrease in the levels of the oncoamniotic (FL) isoenzyme and an increase in the Regan isoenzyme. During growth of pretreated cells in vivo, a time-dependent resumption in the expression of the oncoamniotic (FL) isoenzyme was associated with the disappearance of the Regan isoenzyme. This shows that the expression of the oncoamniotic (FL) isoenzyme is not restricted to human tumor cells monophenotypic with respect to alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Expression of KB cell alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes during growth in immunosuppressed LEW rats. 31 70

Using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay, carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) was determined in sera of 1266 patients with gyneocological cancers. All these patients were referred after initial surgical treatment elsewhere. There were 95 patients with evidence of disease at the time of the study and 1171 without evidence of disease. Of the 95 patients with active disease, 47 were treated for ovarian carcinoma, 36 for carcinoma of the cervix and 12 for endometrial carcinoma. Raised levels of CPAP were seen in 40% of patients with ovarian carcinoma, in 22% with carcinoma of the cervix and in 41% in the small group with endometrial carcinoma. In patients without evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen in 12% of patients with carcinoma of the cervix, in 6% of endometrial carcinoma and only in 2% of patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Therefore it was considered that in the latter group CPAP studies would prove of some value. In the group of patients with carcinoma of the ovary and evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen almost exclusively in patients with epithelial tumors. It is considered that CPAP may be of value as a tumor marker in this group of patients. When compared with CEA, CPAP tends to give fewer false positives and correlates better with the presence of disease.
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PMID:The value of a sensitive assay of carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) in the follow-up of gynecological cancers. 38 13

The cytoplasm of tumor cells from a subdermal nodule in a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) exhibited intense enzymatic activity in cryostat sections processed for demonstration of alkaline phosphatase. Nuclear heterochromatin and nucleoli, particularly in the area of the dense component, also showed strong reactivity. Finely minced blocks from the lesion of the patient with FOP revealed lighter reactivity which, in the tumor cells, avoided membrane limited spaces and appeared to be confined to hyaloplasm. Extracellular spaces disclosed very little or no reactivity and specimens from the patient's uninvolved skin lacked staining. The tumor cells from the subdermal nodule did not exhibit increased acid phosphatase activity. Cells (L-FOP) derived from a subdermal nodule and grown by tissue culture techniques also synthesized large amounts of prostaglandin E-like material and alkaline phosphatase. The amounts of prostaglandin E-like material synthesized by these L-FOP cells was reduced by more than 31 per cent by the antiinflammatory drugs indomethacin and sodium meclofenmate. Also, the production of alkaline phosphatase by these L-FOP cells was reduced by more than 40 per cent by ethane-1-hydroxyl-1,1-diphosphonate. Addition of prostaglandin E to nonlesion cells did not result in increased alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:Studies on alkaline phosphatase activity cultured cells from a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. 40 58

From the original Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma, several distinct sublines have been obtained. These sublines include a well-differentiated, slow-growing, androgen-sensitive tumor (R-3327-H); a well-differentiated, slow-growing, androgen-insensitive tumor (R-3327-HI); and a fast-growing, androgen-insensitive, anaplastic tumor (R-3327-AT). These three sublines were compared in order to develop new model methods for the prediction of the androgen sensitivity and the degree of differentiation of prostatic adenocarcinomas. The R-3327-AT was very distinct in all parameters examined except the tissue protein electrophoretic patterns which contained a uniform pattern in all tumors. The significant differences between R-3327-H and -HI sublines were (a) the inability of testosterone to stimulate DNA synthesis in the R-3327-HI tumor and (b) the difference in the enzymatic profiles of these sublines. The specific activity of three enzymes (3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase) increased while the activity of another three enzymes (6 alpha,7 alpha-hydroxylase, 5 alpha-reductase, alkaline phosphatase) decreased in the sublines which are androgen insensitive and less differentiated. An arbitrary index was constructed, based upon these enzyme differences, which clearly discriminates the degree of androgen sensitivity and differentiation of these R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Models for development of nonreceptor methods for distinguishing androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostatic tumors. 44 68


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