Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and the concentration of tegafur, 5-FU and uracil in the tumor and the non-tumor tissues were compared in 18 uroepithelial cancer patients who had been administered UFT (600 mg/day) for seven days before operation. 5-FU and uracil levels in the tumor tissue were increased to 5.1 and 3.6 fold, respectively, compared those in the normal tissue, although there was no difference in tegafur levels between normal and tumor tissue. The mean inhibition rate of TS activity in the tumor tissue was significantly higher (36%) than that in the normal tissue (21%). However, no correlation between 5-FU level and inhibition rate of TS activity was found in either tissue. Not only the higher tumor concentration of 5-FU but also the higher inhibition of TS activity in the tumor tissue suggests that UFT is likely a useful drug for the treatment of uroepithelial carcinomas.
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PMID:[Thymidylate synthase inhibition and concentration of 5-fluorouracil after administration of UFT in human uroepithelial carcinomas]. 164 73

Twenty-six cases of hepatocellular carcinoma were divided randomly into 3 groups, treated by transcatheter hepatic arterial chemo-embolizations with agents of MMC 20 mg, MMC 20 mg plus lipiodol 10 ml, and MMC 20 mg plus MTXmc 150 mg, respectively, 2 to 3 weeks before surgery. Pathologically, all main tumors in the resected specimens were necrosed to a certain extent, with extensive necrosis in the MMC-MTXmc group, whereas there was no necrosis of cancer cells in tumor capsules, daughter nodules, and intraportal vein emboli. We consider that the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is effective in reducing tumor burden, but not enough in eradicating all cancer cells, so surgical resection should be carried out whenever resection is possible. For preventing tumor recurrence, direct puncture of the main trunk of the portal vein to infuse 500 mg of 5-FU during operation and injection of MMC 20 mg through a catheter inserted into the hepatic artery 4 weeks after operation is suggested.
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PMID:[Histologic assessment on resected hepatocellular carcinoma specimens with preoperative transcatheter hepatic arterial chemo-embolizations]. 165 Jun 85

The efficacy of combination therapy of anticancer agent-Lipiodol Emulsion for hepatic arterial infusion and regional hyperthermia was studied in 102 patients with nonresectable hepatoma. 5-FU, MFA, CDDP and MFA-CDDP were used as anticancer agents in 13, 44, 26 and 19 patients, respectively. One year survival rates of the each group were 9% (1/13, 5-FU-treated), 29% (12/44, MFA-treated), 43% (11/26, CDDP-treated) and 55% (10/19, MFA-CDDP-treated). Tumor regression was found in one out of 11 (9.1%), 11 out 41 (26.8%), 6 out of 23 (26.1) and 9 out of 19 patients (47.4%), respectively. The regional hyperthermia was particularly efficacious for patients with advanced hepatoma (E3 and E4) and clinical stage II, III; 5 out of 32 patients (16%) receiving arterial infusion and hyperthermia survived more than 1 year while all 15 patients without hyperthermia died within 11 months (p less than 0.01). Our data indicate that repeated arterial infusion of MFA and CDDP Lipiodol Emulsion was most effective for nonresectable liver cell cancer, and the regional hyperthermia prolonged the survival of patients who had advanced hepatoma with poor liver function.
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PMID:[Efficacy of anticancer agent-lipiodol emulsion for hepatic arterial infusion and regional hyperthermia in patients with nonresectable hepatoma]. 165 22

We treated a patient with advanced cholangiocarcinoma with a new combination chemotherapy (modified MQF). The regimen consisted of intra-arterial administration of MMC (20 mg/body) and CQ (4 mg/body), protracted continuous infusion of 5-FU (500 mg/body) and intravenous administration of low-dose leucovorin (30 mg/body). More than 50% reduction in the liver tumor for over 4 weeks was obtained by the therapy. As for toxicity, diarrhea and stomatitis were observed.
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PMID:[Cases of advanced cholangiocarcinoma showing partial response by the combination chemotherapy including protracted continuous infusion of 5-FU combined with intravenous administration of low-dose leucovorin and intra-arterial administration of MMC and CQ]. 166 Jul 2

We have been studying the resistance mechanisms of various antitumor drugs and screening substances from natural and synthetic products which overcome resistance. In this paper, we described compounds mainly obtained from our screening systems. I. Circumvention of multidrug resistance (MDR). Lactoquinomycin was discovered from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces sp. and it showed preferential growth inhibition against multidrug-resistant L5178 Y cells. The mechanism of action of lactoquinomycin was studied. Another novel antibiotic, resorthiomycin, exhibited not only preferential inhibition against MDR tumor cells but also augmentation of cytotoxicity of several antitumor drugs. As synthetic potentiators, dipyridamole, cepharanthine, AHC-52 and analogs of dihydropyridines were described; all of them were thought to interact with a P-glycoprotein and inhibit active efflux of drugs from tumor cells. SDB-ethylenediamine was unique because it overcame MDR and also potentiates a wide range of antitumor drugs including 5-FU and bleomycin. II. E-64 was found to inhibit the activity of a bleomycin-inactivating enzyme. It potentiated the activity of peplomycin in vitro and in vivo. III. Cadeguomycin was discovered from the culture filtrate of a Streptomyces sp. and it potentiated Ara-C by inhibition of the activity of dCMP deaminase, an Ara-C-inactivating enzyme.
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PMID:[Antitumor drugs and potentiators aiming circumvention of drug resistance]. 168 86

The paper is concerned with the results of radiation therapy and three variants of chemoradiotherapy of 174 patients with inoperable esophageal cancer. Altogether 151 (87%) patients were given treatment from beginning to end. Complete tumor regression was noted in 41% of the patients after chemoradiotherapy and in 29%--after radiotherapy. The 2-year survival rates were 28 and 20%, the 5-year survival rates were 8 and 0%, respectively. Among the variants of chemoradiotherapy the most effective one was the combination of 5-FU with bleomycin, in which complete tumor regression was noted in 46% of the patients, and the 2-year survival was 43% versus 25% in the combination of 5-FU with adriamycin and 21% in its combination with methotrexate. Prognostically unfavorable factors were a degree of body mass deficiency, tumor spreading and a tumor site in the esophagus.
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PMID:[Comparative evaluation of radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in inoperable cancer of the esophagus]. 169 88

We investigated the clinical effects and toxicity of chemotherapy with Cisplatin (CDDP) for head and neck cancer as the third joint research project of the Tokai Meeting for Head and Neck Tumors. The cases were examined at the cooperating institutions from September 1986 to March 1988. The subjects were 93 cases consisting of 66 patients (intravenous infusion: 47 cases; intraarterial infusion: 19 cases) of PP therapy (CDDP + PEP), 16 cases of PF therapy (CDDP + 5-FU) and 11 cases of PPV therapy (CDDP + PEP + VCR). The regimens of PP therapy were: CDDP 50-100 mg/body x 1 day, PEP 5 mg/body x 5 days (i.v.), and CDDP 10-20 mg/body x 5 days, PEP 5-10 mg/body x 5 days (i.a.). In the regimen of PF therapy, CDDP 80-100 mg/body x 1 day and 5-FU 750-1,000 mg/body x 5 days were administered. In the regimen of PPV therapy, CDDP 80-100 mg/body x 1 day, PEP 5 mg/body x 5 days and VCR 1 mg/body x 1 day were administered. As a rule, two courses of each of the regimens were performed. The total dose of CDDP in intraarterial infusion of PP therapy was significantly less than in intravenous infusion. The major results were as follows: 1) Total response rate was 57.0% on the average, and this was not significantly different among the regimens. 2) The response rate of intraarterial infusion of PP therapy was as high as that for intravenous infusion in spite of the lower CDDP dose. 3) The response rate of oral cavity was significantly higher than that of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 4) In the squamous cell carcinoma, the response rate of the well differentiated type was significantly higher than that of the poorly differentiated type. 5) The leukocyte counts significantly decreased with the intravenous infusion of PP therapy, PF therapy and PPV therapy. 6) The platelet counts significantly decreased with PPV therapy. 7) There were no significant changes with time with Ccr and PaO2 of PP therapy. 8) The frequency of toxicities such as nausea and vomiting was high in the intravenous infusion of PP therapy, PF therapy and PPV therapy. However, the frequency of toxicity was low in the intraarterial infusion of PP therapy.
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PMID:[Clinical effects and toxicity of chemotherapy with cisplatin for head and neck cancer--the multi-institutional joint research in Tokai district]. 170 33

An analysis of the results of 90 patients with esophageal cancer treated prospectively with combined chemotherapy and radiation without surgery and with a median follow-up of 45 months is presented. Fifty-seven patients with Stage I or II disease received definitive treatment consisting of 6,000 cGy in 6 to 7 weeks and 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2/24 hr) as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion for 96 hours, starting on days 2 and 29. Mitomycin C (10 mg/m2) was administered as a bolus injection on day 2. Thirty-three patients received palliative treatment (5,000 cGy plus above chemotherapy) for Stage III, IV, or otherwise advanced disease (extraesophageal spread, distant metastases, multiple primary tumors). Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 96 months. Overall median survival of Stage I and II patients was 18 months with 3- and 5-year actuarial survival of 29% and 18%, respectively, while the median disease specific survival was 20 months with an actuarial disease specific survival of 41% and 30% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. A multivariate analysis of sex, histology, tumor location, and tumor size on survival revealed that the effect of stage was highly significant (Stage I versus II, 73% versus 33% at 3 years, p = .01), whereas the effect of sex approached significance (females versus males, 57% versus 34% at 3 years, p = less than .1). The actuarially determined local relapse-free rate for Stage I and II patients at both 3 and 5 years was 70%. Multivariate analysis again indicated stage to be highly significant (Stage I versus II, 100% versus 60% at 3 years, p = less than .01), whereas sex approached significance (female versus male, 75% versus 66% at 3 years, p = .07). The pattern of failure may be altered with this treatment regimen from local to one dominated by distant metastases. Of 29 patients who have failed, 14 (48%) had any component of local failure, whereas 21 (72%) had a distant failure as a component of failure. The median survival of patients with Stage III or IV disease was 9 months and 7 months, respectively. Palliation in this group of patients with advanced disease was good as 77% were rendered free of dysphagia post-treatment, and 60% were without dysphagia until death with a median dysphagia-free duration of 5 months. Severe toxicities were uncommon and nearly all were transient. Eleven of 90 patients (12.2%) had severe acute toxicities, whereas only 3 patients (3.3%) developed significant late treatment-related complications requiring hospitalization for management.
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PMID:Long-term results of infusional 5-FU, mitomycin-C and radiation as primary management of esophageal carcinoma. 170 62

Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that the selective antitumor activity of fluorouracil (5-FU) is enhanced by agents which perturb certain intracellular nucleotide pools. We previously demonstrated that the combination of N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA), which depletes pyrimidine nucleotide pools, and 5-FU yielded a 43% response rate among 37 assessable patients with colorectal carcinoma. In preclinical tumor models, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (MMPR), an inhibitor of purine synthesis, elevates phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) pools and promotes the anabolism of 5-FU to fluorinated nucleotides. In vivo, the addition of MMPR enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PALA-5-FU. In a phase I trial, we sought to determine the optimal dose and schedule of MMPR in combination with PALA (250 mg/m2 on day 1) and 5-FU (1300 mg/m2 by 24-hour infusion on day 2). MMPR (75-225 mg/m2) was given intravenously on day 1 to 27 patients with solid tumors (15 colorectal, seven breast, five other). Toxic effects were mild to moderate and included leukopenia, mucositis, nausea, or rash. Two of seven patients given MMPR at 225 mg/m2 had grade 3 diarrhea. PRPP was measured using a [14C]orotic acid 14CO2 release assay in tumor biopsy specimens obtained before and 12 hours and 24 hours after MMPR doses were given to 20 patients. The addition of MMPR elevated PRPP pools in human solid tumors. At 12 hours after treatment, two (50%) of four patients showed a twofold or greater elevation of PRPP at the MMPR dose level of 75 mg/m2; a similar elevation was observed in five (71%) of seven patients given 150 mg/m2 MMPR and in three (43%) of seven patients given 225 mg/m2 MMPR. At 24 hours after treatment, results for the respective dose levels of MMPR were two (33%) of six patients, one (20%) of five patients, and four (57%) of seven patients. Administration of the two highest MMPR dose levels appeared to result in a greater increase in tumor PRPP levels. However, toxicity was greater at the 225 mg/m2 dose level; therefore, the 150 mg/m2 dose level was favored. Tumor levels of PRPP decreased between 12 hours and 24 hours in nine (56%) of 16 patients. This time course indicates that MMPR should be administered at the beginning of the 24-hour infusion of 5-FU.
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PMID:Phase I trial of fluorouracil modulation by N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside: optimization of 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside dose and schedule through biochemical analysis of sequential tumor biopsy specimens. 171 7

We report a case of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. A 61-year-old woman was readmitted to our hospital 4 months after left nephrectomy. The medical imaging method revealed a left retroperitoneal tumor and squamous cell carcinoma related antigen (SCC-Ag) elevated (82 ng/ml). We suspected a recurrent tumor from renal pelvic cancer. She received 2 courses of systemic chemotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP, but the tumor did not change. As a second treatment, combined radiotherapy with PEP was given. The tumor was reduced and SCC-Ag returned to the normal level. The patient is alive with no recurrence or metastasis at one year following these therapies.
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PMID:[Successful treatment of recurrent kidney pelvic squamous cell cancer with chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a case report]. 171 94


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