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 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper presents an overview of studies of therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in which chemotherapy was combined with other modalities. The rationale for using chemotherapy with surgery is discussed, but ststematic studies of this combination of modalities have not been reported. Systemic chemotherapy plus radiation therapy has been studied using hydrozyurea, t-fluorouracil (5-FU), and methotrexate (MTX). Uncontrolled studies with hydroxyurea report favorable results, but a well-controlled study gave negative results. Controlled studies with 5-FU have given favorable results in certain tumor stages and sites of origin. MTX plus radiation in a small series produced slightly better survival than radiation alone. Intra-arterial chemotherapy plus radiation therapy has been the subject of exploratory studies but no firm conclusions can be drawn from these studies. Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy has been explored and merits further study. Based on the studies reported to date one can suggest the need for large-scale randomized control studies of long-term chemotherapy combined with other modalities.
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PMID:Current concepts of chemotherapy combined with other modalities for head and neck cancer. 4 17

The influence of antineoplastic agents on wound healing was evaluated in an experimental model employing surgical incisions in the skin of mice. A single injection in the therapeutic dose range of various clinically active antitumor agents was administered immediately following operation and the breaking strength of skin wounds was measured 3, 7, and 21 days later. Vincristine and methotrexate decreased wound strength at 3 days but not on days 7 or 21. Actinomycin D interfered with early phases of wound healing and had less effect on later phases. Treatment with bleomycin had no effect on wound strength at days 3 or 21 but prevented an increase in wound strength from day 3 to day 7; 1,3-bis(2-choroethyl)-1-nitrosurea (BCNU) decreased wound strength at all time points after operation, whereas 5-Fluorouracil had no significant effect at any time. The presence of a large tumor mass had no direct effect on wound strength nor did it modify the effect on wound strength of an antineoplastic agent, cyclophosphamide. These findings are discussed, taking into account the experimental and clinical literature on the effects of antitumor drugs on wound healing.
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PMID:Effects of antineoplastic agents on wound healing in mice. 5 Jun 29

Palliative treatment was applied to 131 cases of unresectable or palliatively resected colorectal carcinoma being monitored with serial CEA determinations. There were 84 instances of disease progression with 67 (80%) of them showing an increase in CEA above pretreatment levels or maintaining high levels, and 17 (20%) showing a fall when compared to pretreatment values or maintaining low initial values. There was a clear-cut regression of the disease in only 9 instances. In all 9, the CEA clearly dropped or maintained low valles throughout the period of regression. No patient in regression had a rise or maintained an elevated CEA level. These changes in CEA followed closely the clinical response of our patient to the use of a particular agent, although for the Nitrosourea compounds there may be a tendency to lower the CEA regardless of the patient's tumor response to the drug. This could be due to the fact that the Nitrosoureas produce a diffuse block of cellular activity, both at the nucleous and cytoplasm; while other compounds act as alkylating agents or by inhibition of enzymes involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids (i.e., 5-FU inhibiting thymidylate synthetase). In general, longer survival was found in those patients who had initially lower levels of CEA as compared to those with high initial levels. The patients with a favorable CEA response to the treatment (falling CEA or maintained low value), even in many who did not show a clinical response had a longer survival than the group with rising or stable high levels. The main value in CEA monitoring of patients resides in its correlation with the amount of disease present and then its ability to detect progression of tumor mass which is not clinically measurable.
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PMID:CEA monitoring of palliative treatment for colorectal carcinoma. 6 32

Acetoxymethyl-methyl-nitrosamine (AMMN) induced only carcinomas of the forestomach in female Sprague-Dawley rats after an induction time of about 100 days when applied orally twice weekly in single doses (d) of 3.5 mg/kg body weight, Butyl-butanol-nitrosamine (BBN) selectively produced bladder tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats after about 280 days when given in daily oral single doses (d) of 10 mg/kg body weight. The reactions of a total of 520 rats with chemically induced tumors were tested using 4-drug combination chemotherapy with different equitoxic doses of Adriamycin (Adm), Methotrexate (Mtx), 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Bleomycin (Blm). The influences of combined therapy on mean sruvival time, tumor weight, histology of tumors, and adverse side effects of therapy are herein described. The results showed to be tumorspecific. In addition, the comparability of experimental chemotherapy in autochthonous rat tumors to clinical experience is discussed.
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PMID:Chemotherapy studies in autochthonous rat tumors. Forestomach and bladder cancer. 7 Aug 91

Utilizing the lipid-adsorbing ability of lymphatic capillaries, anticancer agents were given in the form of fat emulsion in order to deliver them to regional lymph nodes. The emulsion, in which the drug solution is contained as the innermost phase, yielded high drug concentration in the lymphatic system. Intratumoral injection of emulsified anticancer agent resulted in significantly prolonged retension of the drug within the tumor tissue. Therapeutic experiments of the emulsion also disclosed remarkable tumor reduction and cure rate as compared with aqueous solution of drugs. Oral administration of emulsified 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was also attempted for stomach cancer. With 5-FU, the maximum concentration of drug in thoracic lymph and stomach was greater when administered as an emulsion than as an aqueous solution, and a high concentration persisted longer. As a clinical trial of the emulsion method, eight patients with inoperable malignant growth were injected locally with emulsified anticancer agents and 121 patients were given 5-FU emulsion orally. From the clinical and histological findings, it was thought that the emulsion enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of the anticancer agent on lymph node metastasis.
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PMID:Enhancement of the cancer chemotherapeutic effect by anticancer agents in the form of fat emulsion. 7 67

The results of a retrospective three year study of forty-six patients with cancer of the liver treated with regional intraarterial infusion of 5-FU are reported. No primary mortality was noted. Oblective overall remission rate was 43 per cent. Overall median survival from onset of treatment was six months. The one year survival rate was 33 per cent and the two year survival rate 11 per cent. Patients with an objective response had a significantly prolonged survival as compared with nonresponders, especially in the colorectal group: sixteen months versus four months. Survival was not related to tumor size and involvement of the liver. During treatment 42 per cent of the patients developed extrahepatic metastases. Quality of life was improved in 63 per cent of the patients. The results indicate that infusion therapy induces reasonable response and palliation but is inadequate for the control of extrahepatic tumor growth.
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PMID:Treatment of liver cancer with regional intraarterial 5-FU infusion. 8 16

In a prospectively randomized study, the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU on survival and recurrence rates was analyzed in 299 evaluable patients with colorectal carcinoma who either underwent a curative or a palliative resection. In the treatment group, chemotherapy consisted of the intravenous administration of 12 mg/kg daily of 5-FU for 4 consecutive days, then 6 mg/kg on alternate days, to the point of toxicity, or to a maximum of five doses, followed by 12mg/kg weekly for 1 year. Some degree of drug toxicity was seen in the majority of patients, was rarely severe, and there have been no drug-related deaths. Analysis of the survival curves and disease-free interval curves reveal definite evidence of drug benefit in two unfavorable subgroups, namely patients with Dukes C tumors and in patients whose tumor was located in the rectum. In the chemotherapy groups, patients who were treated to toxicity (WBC less than 4000 mm3), the disease-free interval was significantly longer than the nonleukopenic patients. We conclude that the addition of 5-FU to the surgical treatment of colorectal carcinoma provides a small, but significant benefit in patients with colorectal cancer in certain unfavorable subgroups, namely patients with Dukes C lesions and patients with rectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Adjuvant chemotherapy in large-bowel cancer: demonstration of effectiveness of single agent chemotherapy in a prospectively controlled,, randomized trial. 8 53

Gastrointestinal cancer has proved exceedingly resistant to chemotherapy efforts. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) accepted as standard treatment, has provided only infrequent and incomplete antitumor effects. Other drugs as the nitrosoureas BCNU and CCNU or Mitomycin C do not match the effectiveness of 5-FU. Improvement in frequency of tumor regression have been recorded for gastric carcinoma with combinations of 5-FU and BCNU and 5-FU, adriamycin and Mitomycin C and for colorectal carcinoma with combination of 5-FU, methyl-CCNU and vincristine. There are also suggestions that such combination chemotherapy may produce increased survival when compared to untreated patients. The combination of 5-FU and streptozotocin in carcinoid tumors or adriamycin in primary hepatoma may be of some effectiveness.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer (author's transl)]. 15 93

The fact that the national death rate from carcinoma of the colon and rectum has remained static over the past two decades is strong incentive for future investigation of measures to allow detection in its early and more favorable stage. Although no significant improvements in surgical techniques have afforded improvement in longevity, certain technical factors are known to inhibit tumor implantation during surgery. Data suggest that the extent of en bloc resection is the most crucial factor in avoiding recurrence. Extensive use of radiotherapy as the sole method of treatment or as preoperative or postoperative adjunctive therapy remains investigational, but it seems likely that this form of treatment will play an increasing role in the future. Preoperative radiotherapy seems to be useful in reducing the stage of the neoplasm and the incidence of extraserosal involvement; postoperative radiotherapy is beneficial for palliation. Chemotherapy, particularly with the fluorinated pyrimidines (5-FU and 5-FUDR), is being evaluated for its usefulness in lengthening survival time; response to 5-FU is occasionally dramatic. It remains for major investigational centers to clarify the role of combination chemotherapy in metastatic disease. Immunotherapy at present must be considered an unproven mode of treatment and of inconclusive benefit in any stage of colorectal carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen assay is a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in localizing primary tumor and in subsequent evaluation of response to treatment.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma: overview of management techniques. 15 80

Eighty one patients were studied for individual susceptibility of gastric tumors to 5-FU as evidenced by endogenic respiration and glycolysis of fresh tumor sections, the main criterion being the suppressed respiration, the accessory one inhibition of glycolysis. Three groups of tumors were differentiated: susceptible (25.9%), slightly susceptible (28.4%) and unsusceptible (45.7%) to 5-fluoruracil. Mostly adenocarcinomas were found in a group of susceptible tumors, scirrhous and colloid cancers -- in an unsusceptible group. A correlation outlined between the results of determining susceptibility in vitro and clinical data enabled to recommend the method of determining susceptibility to 5-FU for clinical application.
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PMID:[Determination of individual sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-fluorouracil by tumor tissue respiratory and glycolytic indices]. 16 32


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