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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study presents a retrospective look at 115 patients evaluated here from 1957 to 1974. In this series, 57 percent were males and 43 percent females, 84 percent were Caucasian and 16 percent Negro. Lesions confined to or originating in the antrum made up 67 percent while nonantral lesions were 33 percent. Mean age at diagnosis was 59.1 years. Smoking and drinking history did not appear to be contributory. Antral lesions were retrospectively staged according to Sisson's TNM classification. Sixteen tumor types were involved, with the most common being epidermoid. Diagnosis was most often made by intranasal or Caldwell-Luc biopsy. Most frequent symptoms, as well as earliest symptoms, were nasal obstruction, localized pain, and epistaxis. Average duration of symptoms was 6.4 months. Therapy was generally in the form of radiotherapy alone, preoperative radiotherapy and surgery, surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, or surgery alone. Local recurrences occurred in 44 percent of antral lesions and 50 percent of non-antral lesions. Regional (cervical) nodal metastases developed in 25 percent of antral lesions and 11 percent of non-antral lesions. Distant metastases developed in 30 percent of antral cases and 35 percent of non-antral cases. Five-year survival was 32 percent (35 percent determinate) for the total group. The more advanced the staging of the antral lesions, the worse the prognosis. Best survival figures were in the areas of preoperative radiotherapy and surgery at 38 percent (43 percent) and surgery alone at 56 percent (59 percent).
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PMID:Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses: (a retrospective study). 85 Apr 51

The authors looked for the percentage od sex chromatin in benign (73 cases) and malignant (131 cases) female mammary tumors. The sex chromatin was present in at least 30% of nuclei in benign tumors. On the other hand, in malignant tumors, the sex chromatin was present in 4 to 30% of nuclei in 42 cases and over 30% of nuclei in 76 cases. We observed one or two sex chromatin in the same nuclei in 12 malignant tumors. No correlation was observed between the percentage of sex chromatin and other prognostic factors : TNM (tumor, nodes, and metastasis), histological grading, nodal involvement, hormonal status. The authors also observed the survival after radical treatment. Therefore, this may raise the question of the value of the test.
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PMID:Sex chromatin in tumors of the female breast (the problem reviewed). 86 56

With respect to the primary tumor there is no difference between the proposal of the UICC and the Heidelberg version for TNM classification of the penis carcinoma. Clinically the Heidelberg scheme seems more practical, but there were no statistical differences between them. With respect to the prognosis for the patient, the size and localization of the primary tumor are of secondary importance. What is important is the degree of tumor spreading in the lymph system. From this point of view, one needs only to differentiate between T1 (tumor restricted to the penis) and T2 (tumor extending the bounds of the penis). On the other hand, size, localization, and degree of infiltration of penis carcinoma do have different therapeutic consequences, so from this point of view the differentiation of the primary tumor from T1 up to T4 should be retained. With respect to the classification of the state of the corresponding lymph system it is our opinion that the UICC proposal is too differentiated and has little meaning. In its stead, the Heidelberg scheme is clear and simple. Any examiner can complete it. With the help of life tables extending beyond 10 years after diagnosis we were able to determine that 5 years is not a sufficiently long time to clsoe a case of penis cancer. Even with proper treatment, the patient may suffer up to 10 years or more from the disease. In patients aged between 50 and 59 years of age the cancer seems to grow faster; in spite of proper and intensive treatment those patients had a clearly limited life expectancy. In patients aged 60-69 and more so in those between 70 and 79 years of age the tumor seemed to grow slowly and often had no effect on the survival rate.
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PMID:On the classification of penis carcinoma and its 10-year survival. 86 84

A system for staging the clinical status of patients with soft tissue sarcomas is presented, based on the clinical characteristics of the primary tumor (size, extension), the involvement of lymph nodes, the presence of metastases, and the grade of the tumor. This represents the TNM system with grade of tumor (G) added. The system evolved was based on examination of 1215 cases of 13 types of soft tissues sarcomas, primarily in the extremities (fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, etc.). Nine stages are described, and they are correlated with survival in the cases reviewed. The staging system now can be used for case evaluation for therapy determination and for intercomparison of series of patients as to incidence of different kinds of tumors, effects of treatment, and survival.
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PMID:A clinical and pathological staging system for soft tissue sarcomas. 90 70

One hundred and seventy-eight patients underwent surgical therapy for oral and cervical cancers from 1964 to 1975. About 25 percent of the patients underwent neck dissection and/or "pull-through" procedures. However, majority of patients required a spectrum of reconstructive techniques extending from marginal mandibulectomy with or without skin flaps (39), partial mandibulectomy with immediate prosthetic mandible reconstruction (36), to extended resections with skin flaps or staged reconstructive procedures (48). The advantages and disadvantages of each reconstructive procedure have been observed and a scheme of graded management has been developed. The therapeutic goal is to maximize functional oral reconstruction without compromising tumor cure. There were two operative deaths--one from myocardial infarction after operation and one from halothane hepatitis. The tumors were grouped according to TNM classification. In the follow-up of the 178 patients, 47 per cent are known to be alive and free of tumor. The better results (greater than 70% free of tumor) are in the group with smaller tumors (less than 2 cm.) and no node involvement, and there are less favorable rates for those patients with larger tumors and nodal metastasis or invasion of adjacent structures. There was a 49 percent 2 year survival rate and 12 of the deaths were from nontumor causes. Ninety percent of these patients smoked more than one pack of cigarettes per day, accounting for the high rate of synchronous or subsequent oroairway cancers (7 percent). Seventy-five percent were considered to be "heavy alcoholics" with evidence of cirrhotic liver disease. These two factors significantly decreased the survival from rate 54 to 47 percent. The series shows that planned primary reconstructive surgery can be done at a low risk, that it can enhance resectability of head and neck cancers, and that it does improve oral function after operation.
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PMID:Application of contemporary reconstructive techniques in head and neck surgery for anterior oral-facial cancers. 96 4

Some 908 cases of malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses treated from 1957 through 1974 were statistically analysed. The most common tumor site was the maxillary sinus (91.4%) and the most common histological figure was carcinoma (92.4%). The crude and relative survival rates for each treatment mode were calculated in January 1975. The number of cases and the 5 year relative survival rates of the main groups were as follows: I. Primary cases of malignant tumors (761 cases) 29.2% A. Carcinoma (709 cases) 29.3% B. Sarcoma (45 cases) 27.4% II. Primary cases of maxillary sinus carcinoma (561 cases) 26.1% A. Period 1957-66 (282 cases) 22.8% 1. Combination of irradiation and surgery (114 cases) 36.9% 2. Irradiation alone (168 cases) 12.7% B. Period 1967-69 (130 cases) 34.5% 1. Irradiation with 5-FU intra-arterial infusion (25 cases) 36.1% 2. Irradiation with intra-arterial infusion of other radiosensitizers (35 cases) 35.7% 3. Irradiation only without infusion (45 cases) 35.2% C. Period 1970-71, Linac X-ray irradiation (61 cases) 15.9% D. Period 1972-73, Irradiation with 5-FU infusion (80 cases), 3 year relative survival rate 39.3% The stage-grouping of maxillary sinus carcinoma based on the classification of tumor spread in the TNM system was recommended for the comparison of survival rates. The best mode of treatment in our experience is the combination of Co-60 gamma-ray irradiation and continuous intrarterial infusion of 5-FU. A curettage during irradiation is recommended. A maxillectomy should be performed only for irradiation failure cases.
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PMID:Treatment policy for maxillary sinus carcinoma. 98 74

The growth rate of a mammary cancer can be calculated when a recurrence appears in the mastectomy scar. Growth rate can, at times, be approximated from the patient's history with reasonable accuracy. Approximately half of breast cancers exhibit rapid growth (tumor doubling time (Td), up to 25 days); one-third grow at an intermediate rate (Td 26 to 75 days) and 15% grow slowly (Td 76 days or longer). Anatomic (TNM) staging does not define a homogeneous patient group in breast cancer. Within each stage, there are rapid, intermediate, and slow-growing tumors. The prognosis varies importantly with the growth rate characteristics of the tumor. Survival is the product of the tumor doubling time and the number of tumor doublings through which the patient lives. Slowly growing and intermediate growth rate tumors are associated with a high percentage of 5-year survivors after mastectomy (between 80 and 100%). Rapidly growing tumors have few 5-year survivors. When survival after mastectomy is measured in the number of tumor doublings, the differences in survival of the three groups tended to disappear, indicating that in this select group of patients with scar recurrence there was no therapeutic advantage in any of the three groups, despite the differences in the survival times. The appreciable number of patients with tumors exhibiting slow or intermediate growth rates, in any series, suggests that the use of the 5-year interval is an inadequate measure of therapeutic response in breast cancer and may actually be misleading.
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PMID:Breast cancer--influence of growth rate on prognosis and treatment evaluation: a study based on mastectomy scar recurrences. 99 Oct 96

Characteristic for the germinal cell tumors of the testis is their great variety. Collins and Pugh gave a classification of testis tumors under consideration of the genesis of the tumor and the clinical progressing. The staging should be done according to the TNM-system which is based on the UICC recommendations of 1973. If a tumor is suspected an exploration of the testis must be performed. After definitive histological diagnosis via immediate section for microscopic examination during surgery an enlarged orchiectomy and local lymph node dissection has to be performed. In cases of seminoma a 5-year-survival-rate of 90 to 97 per cent can be achieved by radiation of two fields (4 fields in case metastases are suspected). Because of the radio resistance of the teratoid tumors a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has to follow the enlarged orchiectomy. With a subtile operating technique all the lymph nodes between diaphragm and aortic bifuraction can be removed in case of operability. Postoperative radiation therapy is only recommended in case of excessive lymph node metastases. By an adjuvant chemotherapy following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection a 5-year-survival-rate of more than 80 per cent can be obtained in cases of teratoid tumors.
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PMID:[Germinal testicular tumors]. 103 17

Complete documentation of the pathological spectrum of a great many similar cancer patients requires interdisciplinary coordination and the absence of ambition of any particular branch. The application of a TNM system devised by the authors for the classification of skeletal neoplasms showed in a retrospective study of 600 cases that the degree of infiltration into the periosteum and soft tissue, which opens more lymphatics to metastasizing tumor cells, is a more relevant parameter of the TNM system than the size of the tumor itself.
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PMID:[Classification of skeletal neoplasms (author's transl)]. 106 Sep 5

The choice of surgical and/or X-ray treatment of a laryngeal cancer is usually established by taking into consideration the site of the tumor and its extension. The histologic type is considered only when this is easily identifiable, whereas the histologic grade of cellular differentiation and the tumour-host relationship are always erroneously disregarded. These latter factors are of a basic importance in establishing a "tailor-made" therapeutic programme for each patient and the long-term prognosis. The above factors have led to a new critical approach to laryngeal cancer and have also made it possible to obtain some practical results: 1 degrees the correct definition of the verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, which is the result of the highest local defensive reaction to tumour growth (mediated by thymus-dependent lymphocytes); 2 degrees a criticism of the present trend to perform a more conservative surgery decided only opon the basis of the site and extension of the neoplasm; conservation surgery must be adopted for patients with an intense cellular immune response around the tumour and with a moderate histologic grade of malignancy; 3 degrees a criticism of the present criteria in establishing the long-term survival, which do not include the early immune response; 4 degrees the necessity of a systematic histologic study of the surgical specimen so as to evaluate the intensity of the immune reaction both around the tumour and in regional lymph nodes. In the light of these new data, the TNM system of tumour classification is now outdated, as witnessed by the constant efforts to adapt it to the unpredictable behaviour of malignant disease.
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PMID:Tumour-host relationship and its implications in the treatment and long-term prognosis of laryngeal cancer. Critical observations on the TNM system of tumour classification. 108 26


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