Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidural spinal cord compression was produced in rats by injection of Walker 256 carcinoma cell suspension anterior to the T-12 or T-13 vertebral body. The tumor grows through the intervertebral foramina to compress the spinal cord and produce paraplegia in 3 to 4 weeks. The effect of several treatments upon clinical signs was assessed. Dexamethasone caused a significant but transient improvement in neurological function. Radiation therapy likewise improved neurological function, and was more effective when given by a high-dose protracted course than when given either in a single dose or a low-dose protracted course. Laminectomy was not helpful in relieving neurological symptoms. Dimethyl sulfoxide did not relieve neurological symptoms. Cyclophosphamide was most effective in relieving neurological symptoms, and most of the animals that were treated with that drug when they were severely weak but still able to move their hind limbs recovered fully. Some animals that were totally paraplegic when treatment began recovered function after radiation therapy or cyclophosphamide treatment, but recovery was better if treatment was started when animals could still move their hind limbs. This animal model appears to be a useful way of studying the treatment of human spinal cord compression produced by epidural neoplasms.
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PMID:Treatment of experimental spinal cord compression caused by extradural neoplasms. 89 41

Thiabendazole (TBZ), a new nonspecific immunopotentiator, was evaluated in combination with Cytoxan in the therapy of a syngeneic murine fibrosarcoma. The reduction of tumor burden by chemotherapy was critical in achieving an optimal response from immunotherapy. Eighty-eight percent of the mice that responded to Cytoxan had sustained regression of tumor with TBZ treatment. The response to TBZ was markedly diminished, both in duration and magnitude, in the mice considered to be Cytoxan nonresponders. Timing of immunotherapy was also important. If Cytoxan and TBZ were given simultaneously, growth kinetics similar to those observed with Cytoxan alone were observed. However, if TBZ was given 4 days after Cytozan administration, prolonged regression of tumor was seen. Alone, TBZ was most effective at a dose of 20 mg/kg. However, in combination with Cytoxan the most effective dose was 0.2 mg/kg. The implications of this finding are discussed.
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PMID:Chemoimmunotherapy of a murine fibrosarcoma: critical factors for success of combined modality therapy. 89 55

A transient increase in uric acid level following administration of high doses of Cyclophosphamide in the 1st course of cytostatic therapy applied for various solid tumors (mostly lung cancer) was observed in 10 patients with measurable disease simultaneously with complete or partial (above 50%) regression of the tumor. The same effect was noted in further 5 patients, who, however, had non-measurable disease. On the other hand, the clinical course of the disease and survival were similar in these 5 patients and in the former 10 patients. No corresponding increase in the uric acid level was observed in 87 patients with similar disease and treatment, but not responding to chemotherapy and with short survival. It is concluded, that hyperuricaemia may indicate responsiveness to chemotherapy in cancer patients with non-measurable disease.
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PMID:Hyperuricaemia as an index of the response to chemotherapy in solid tumors. 90 51

In a clinical trial, 42 patients with abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) were treated with a combination regimen, code-named CVA, consisting of cyclophosphamide (CTX), vincristine, and cystosine arabinoside. In addition, intrathecal methotrexate (i.t. MTX) was administered as prophylaxis against subsequent central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Induced remissions, relapse, and survival were compared with those in a preceding group of 44 patients with abdominal BL treated with CTX along. Remission rate did not differ significantly in the two treatment groups, although induced remissions were higher in the CVA plus i.t. MTX-treated group (94% vs. 83%). Remission duration was significantly increases (p less than .05) and CNS relapse significantly reduced (p less than .05) in the group treated with CVA and i.t. MTX. The combination therapy was associated with higher early deaths during treatment, which adversely affected the overally survival. It is suggested that a reduction of the initial chemotherapeutic doses, particularly for patients with extensive tumor load, could further improve on the results of this trial.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy in abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma. 90 60

A number of therapeutic agents including L-asparaginase, Actinomycin-D, CCNU, Hydroxyurea, 5-FU, Cis-platinum, Cyclophosphamide, orchiectomy, Adriamycin and DES alone and in various combinations has been applied against the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma subline G. We have found a parallel between the results of this study and those of similar therapeutic application to the human tumor. We conclude that this animal model may prove to be a useful screening system for agents against human prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of the transplantable adenocarcinoma (R-3327) of the Copenhagen rat. 91 40

This National Cooperative Study has randomly compared the usefulness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and standard therapy in patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate (Stage D). All patients studied were endocrine failures and were in progression. Favorable responses were seen with all three treatments regardless of histologic grade. Actual tumor regression occurred only in patients who received either 5-FU or cyclophosphamide. In patients with poorly differentiated or anaplastic tumors treated with cyclophosphamide, progression of disease was significantly less rapid than in patients treated with 5-FU or standard therapy. However, favorable responders could not always be identified in advance on the basis of histologic grade alone.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinoma. relationship between primary tumor, histologic grade, and response to chemotherapy. 96 73

The effects of six clinically active drugs were tested against a ttansplantable leukemia in inbred strain 2 guinea pigs. Cytoxan and 6-mercaptopurine were found to elicit a therqeutic response against this leukemia based on complete tumor regression of the established tumor as well as a substantial increase in survival time. Animals dying in the untreated control and drug-treated groups revealed typical generalized lymphoblastic leukemia. However, only Cytoxan-treated animals that had relapsed exhibited central nervous system involvement originating from the arachnoid membrane. A tow-drug combination of Cytoxan and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea was found not only to prevent meningeal leukemia development but also to result in "curing" all animals from their leukemia. This observation was based on a complete clinical, hematological, and histopathological "remission" period up to 176 days. The administration of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea alone was observed not only to control the systemic leukemia but also to prevent central nervous system involvement. No relapses occurred after the first "remission" period was achieved in the groups of animals that received 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea.
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PMID:Drug therapy against a transplantable guinea pig leukemia. 105 89

C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) were immunized with lethally x-irradiated Moloney virus-induced lymphoma cells of BALB/c origin (H-2d) on Days 0 and 10 and received rug on Days 11 and 14. Their spleen cells were then tested for reactivity against Moloney virus-induced lymphoma of BALB/c origin by the 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. In non-drug-treated mice the secondary cytotoxic response was maximal on Days 14 to 15, declined rapidley, and recurred after Day 21. The cytotoxic effector cells were shown to be theta-bearing T-lymphocytes. Cyclophosphamide (CY), 180 mg/kg, given on Day 11, totally prevented the development of a cytotoxic response and when given on Day 14 abolished the response already established. CY, 48 mg/kg, as well as 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea 33 mg/kg, were almost as suppressive. Immune mice given CY on Day 14 and reimmunized on Day 36 exhibited a normal tertiary response. Mice similarly immunized on Days 1 and 10 and given drugs on Day 14 were challenged on Day 15 with up to 3.5 x 10-8 viable Moloney virus-induced lymphoma cells of BALB/c origin. Despite H-2 incompatibility, all nonimmune control mice developed ascites and died, whereas all mice immunized but not given drug failed to develop ascites. By contrast, 17 of 34 immunized mice given CY, 180 mg/kg, and 7 of 34 given 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea developed ascites. The ascites eventually regressed. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT CY and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea can suppress a secondary cellular immune response as measured by the T-cell-mediated 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay in vitro and by viable tumor challenge in vivo.
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PMID:Suppression of secondary cellular immunity to a tumor allograft by cyclophosphamide and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. 107 84

Simultaneous alterations in the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) into DNA are induced by CTX in normal host target tissues and L1210 ascites tumor. The timing of suppression and recovery of these nucleoside incorporation alterations was similar at the three CTX doses studied, but some evidence for a dose-response effect was seen as the magnitude of suppression of DNA synthesis increased with increasing dosage. A differential pattern of suppression and recovery of 3H-TdR incorporation in malignant and normal host tissues was observed. The pattern of suppression and recovery of the peripheral white blood count and bone marrow (BM) cellularity, two frequently studied clinical parameters of hematopoietic recovery, were out of phase with the recovery of BM-DNA synthesis and failed to accurately reflect the sensitivity of the BM to subsequent chemotherapeutic injury. In contrast, drug schedules based on the differential recovery patterns of the host tissues and tumor, reflected by their 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA, both reduced toxicity to normal mice and increased the survival of tumor-bearing animals.
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PMID:Recovery of normal hematopoietic tissue and tumor following chemotherapeutic injury from cyclophosphamide (CTX): comparative analysis of biochemical and clinical techniques. 111 38

Cyclophosphamide and isophosphamide (an analog) were tested for their effect on the antilymphoma allograft reaction in normal and lethally irradiated mice. Both drugs were effective in abrogating the classic allograft response if given 1 or 3 days before the tumor challenge. While the drugs also inhibited the hemopoietic-histocompatibily response, they were effective when adminstered 7 days before challenge. It is suggested that the activity of various immunosuppressive agents could be compared for their effect on the hemopoietic-histocompatibility system to select the best agent for transplantation of bone marrow or bone marrow or bone marrow-derived cells. Drug toxicity, as well as the effect of the drugs on humoral response and DNA synthesis, was also compared. While isophosphamide was found to be less toxic than cyclophosphamide, the effect of humoral response and DNA synthesis was comparable.
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PMID:Inhibition of antilymphoma allograft response in normal and lethally irradiated mice by cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) and isophosphamide (NSC-109724). 120 99


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