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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The polyamines putrescine, spermine, and spermidine were methylated by the addition of carbon-11-labeled formaledehyde followed by sodium borohydride. High labeling yields wrbon-11-labeled formaldehyde followed by sodium borohydride. High labeling yields were obtained and the final products were purified by simply boiling the solution. This decomposed the excess sodium borohydride and removed the volatile impurities. The final radiochemical purity of all the methylated compounds was above 85%. All three methyltated compounds accumulated in the prostates of male rats and the distribution of N-methyl-1,4-diaminobutane (the putrescine analog) was very similar to that previously obtained with tritiated putrescine. The uptake of the putrescine analog in both the prostate and in mouse tumor was slightly higher than that obtained with the other two analogs studied. Utilizing a positron transaxial tomographic scanner and the putrescine analog, we have been able to image the prostate gland of a dog.
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PMID:Carbon-11-labeled methylated polyamine analogs: uptake in prostate and tumor in animal models. 83 Aug 34

Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) and Pyroset TKP, which is the mixed acetate/phosphate of the same phosphonium base, are widely used in flame-retardant cotton fabrics, particularly in children's sleepwear. THPC degrades thermally and under certain chemical conditions to yield hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde (CH2O). In solution, the latter two compounds are in equilibrium with the known potent carcinogen bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME). A sample of commercial THPC contained from 4% (at pH 0.4) to 14% (at pH greater than 4.5) free CH2O. The material, as supplied by the manufacter, showed pH 0.4. Gas chromatographic analysis of aqueous commercial THPC did not reveal any peak chracteristic of BCME under conditions where 0.1 ppm of the material can be detected. Application to mouse skin of THPC ( 2 mg in 0.1 ml DMSO) and of Pryset TKP (7 mg in 0.1 ml DMSO), three times per week for 400 days with 20 female ICR/Ha Swiss mice per group, gave one squamous carcinoma in the THPC-treated group. THPC was inactive as an initiating agent in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis with phorbol myristate acetate as promoter. Both agents were active as tumor promoters, using a single application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (20 microng in 0.1 ml acetone) as initiator. With THPC as promoter (2 mg in 0.1 ml DMSO, thrice weekly) 3 of 20 mice bore papillomas which progressed to squamous carcinoma. With Pyroset TKP as promoter (7 mg in 0.1 ml DMSO) 7 of 20 mice bore papillomas of which two progressed to squamous carcinoma.
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PMID:Evaluation of chemical flame retardants for carcinogenic potential. 84 2

Acute, exsanguinating hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to cyclophosphamide therapy, radiation therapy, or an infiltrating bladder tumor may be managed successfully with intravesical Formalin therapy. The indications for its use, the technique, success rates, and complications are discussed. This treatment was effective in 14 of 16 patients in the present series and 79 of 90 cases reported in the literature. Dilutions of 4% or less were as effective as a 10% dilution and were associated with far fewer complications. The early use of Formalin in the treatment of intractable hemorrhagic cystitis is recommended.
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PMID:Formalin treatment for intractable hemorrhagic cystitis: a review of the literature with 16 additional cases. 99 Oct 94

The concept that type-C RNA viruses serve as determinants of chemically induced cancer would be supported if immunization against such viruses reduced the incidence of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. A formalin vaccine was employed which was able to protect mice against the development of virus-induced Rauscher leukemia: 8/12 vaccinated mice survived versus 1/12 controls. When mice so immunized were challenged with near-threshold doses of chemical carcinogen, sarcoma incidence and death latency did not differ between vaccinated and control groups: within 10 months, a 320 mug dose of methylcholanthrene induced 100% sarcomas in both groups, while a 64 mug dose induced 62% and 65% tumors in vaccinated and control mice respectively. Thus, a relevant postulate of the oncogene hypothesis could not be supported by these studies. Formalin treatment neutralizes the oncogenic effect of mouse leukemia viruses yiwlding preparations that are immunogenic and can be successfully used as vaccines to protect against virus-induced leukemia (5). The finding of murine leukemia viruses in chemically induced tumors (1, 2) poses the question of whether these viruses are present in the tumors as passengers, or whether they are etiologically involved in the process of tumor induction. An approach to answering this question would be to challenge with chemical carcinogens mice which have been vaccinated with leukemia virus. If the virus were somehow involved in tumor induction, antiviral immunization might conceivably interfere with chemical carcinogenesis. Whitmire and Huebner (9) have reported that mice immunized with formalin-treated leukemia viruses, become resistant to sarcomagenesis by methylcholanthrene. Repetition of this experiment by Gericke and Chandra (6) gave non-significant differences between experimental and control groups. The present paper deals with the effect of immunization against Rauscher leukemia virus upon tumor induction by near-threshold doses of methylcholanthrene.
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PMID:Effect of a Rauscher leukemia virus vaccine upon chemical oncogenesis in the mouse. 102 Oct 12

A versatile microradioimmunoassay for the detection of antibodies to tumor-associated and other tissue antigens was described. The method involved: a) the preparation of solid-phase antigen with cultured (already adhered) or noncultured cells (sedimented by centrifugation) fixed to Micro-Test plates with neutral buffered formaldehyde or absolute methanol; b) the incubation of the antigen with test or control sera; and c) the incubation of the antigen with radioiodinated antiglobulin antibody. The nonspecific background of radioactivity was reduced to an acceptable level by the fixed cells being precoated in the wells with 0.5% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline which was also used for the dilution of sera and labeled antiglobulin antibody. Tumor cells in primary cultures gave a high background, as compared to long-term cultures, which was due to the presence of immunoglobulins (most likely tumor-specific antibody). The specific antibody response to a syngeneic mouse tumor was demonstrated by this technique.
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PMID:A microradioimmunoassay for antibodies to tumor-associated antigens. 110 22

The innervation of the skin of hairless mice has been studied following induction of epidermal hyperplasia by physical and chemical methods. Physical stimuli comprised ultraviolet irradiation, heat, wounding, and friction. Effective chemicals included benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, creosote, formaldehyde, hexadecane, hydrobromic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, and turpentine. Epidermal hyperplasia, however produced, was associated with growth of sensory nerve fibers into the outer part of the epidermis. Following a single 10-min exposure to an ultraviolet sunalmp at 40 cm, the nerves extended into the epidermis within 24 hr and disappeared during the second week as the epidermis reverted to its normal thickness. Repeated irradiation (until tumors appeared) was accompanied by persistent hyperplasia and neural invasion. Of 32 papillomas examined, intraepithelial nerves were found in 28. The presence and location of nerves in the tumor epithelium were related to the incorporation of tactile hair disc epithelium. The hyperplastic regenerative epithelium at the margins of skin ulcers were also invaded by nerves which sometimes followed the migrating epithelium across the ulcer floor. Since the regenerative epithelium was not directly treated, it was concluded that the proliferation of nervous tissue in response to skin injury was the result of the hyperplasia per se, regardless of the method used to produce it.
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PMID:The innervation of hyperplastic epidermis in the mouse: a light microscopic study. 111 77

Nasal neuroblastoma, esthesioneuroblastoma, is frequently difficult to distinguish from the more common poorly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. We present a simple alternate method to electron microscopy, formaldehyde-fume-induced fluorescence, to demonstrate biogenic amine granules in neoplastic cells. This method is more specific and more sensitive, since it reveals the presence of biogenic amines, not merely membrane-bound granules, and it deals with larger quantities of tissue, thus avoiding some of the sampling errors inherent in electron microscopy. We also describe the histochemical relationship of this tumor to other neural crest neoplasms.
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PMID:Fume-induced fluorescence in diagnosis of nasal neuroblastoma. 124 26

Fluorescent lanthanide chelates with long decay times allow the suppression of the fast decaying autofluorescence in biological specimens. This property makes lanthanide chelates attractive as labels for fluorescence microscopy. As a consequence of the suppression of the background fluorescence the sensitivity can be increased. We modified a standard epifluorescence microscope for time-resolved fluorescence imaging by adding a pulsed light source and a chopper in the narrow aperture plane. A cooled CCD-camera was used for detection and the images were digitally processed. A fluorescent europium chelate was conjugated to antisera and to streptavidin. These conjugates were used for the localization of tumor associated antigen C242 in the malignant mucosa of human colon, for the localization of type II collagen mRNA in developing human cartilaginary growth plates, and for the detection of HPV type specific gene sequences in the squamous epithelium of human cervix. The specific slowly decaying fluorescence of the europium label could be effectively separated from the fast decaying background fluorescence. It was possible to use the europium label at the cell and tissue level and the autofluorescence was effectively suppressed in in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical reactions in both frozen and formaldehyde-fixed, wax-embedded specimens.
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PMID:Time-resolved fluorescence imaging of europium chelate label in immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. 132 29

Two hundred Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were immunohistochemically studied for the presence of the CD30 (Ki-1) activation antigen using a monoclonal antibody BerH2 on paraffin-embedded, formaldehyde-fixed tissue. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using the avidin-biotin complex technique and was preceded by enzymatic digestion with pepsin (0.05% for 20 minutes). Ninety percent (56/64) of cases of Hodgkin's disease, other than lymphocyte predominance type, showed positive tumor cells, although the positivity was often focal. In contrast, lymphocyte predominance type showed CD30 in only two of nine cases. CD30 was commonly seen in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Five of 37 large-cell lymphomas showed extensive CD30 positivity and morphologically represented large-cell anaplastic lymphomas ("Ki-1 lymphomas"). Apart from this, occasional CD30-positive cells were seen in nine of 32 large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. About half of the nodular small cleaved-cell lymphomas contained CD30-positive cells, two of them showing large numbers of positive cells both within and outside the nodules. Lymphocytic lymphoma sometimes (6/17) showed a few CD30-positive cells. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas showed positive cells in three of eight cases. The positive cases were one lymphoma with small groups of epithelioid cells (Lennert's lymphoma) and two immunoblastic lymphadenopathylike peripheral T-cell lymphomas. The results show that CD30 is more widespread than originally thought in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and that especially nodular small cleaved-cell lymphomas often contain positive cells. These findings have to be considered in the immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of lymphomas. Obviously, CD30 alone cannot be used to differentiate between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The CD30-positive cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may represent a link between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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PMID:CD30 distribution. Immunohistochemical study on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. 133 42

Four cases of conjunctival papilloma in two different patients were examined by in situ hybridization for HPV DNA type 6/11, 16/18 and 31/33/51. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were hybridized by biotinylated probes. One tumor and one of its recurrences showed nuclear positivity for HPV 6/11 in the superficial cells of the epithelium. The results suggest that HPV type 6/11 may be etiologic agent of conjunctival papillomas. The benign behavior of these neoplasms may be related to the etiologic role of this type of HPV.
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PMID:Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA type 6/11 in a conjunctival papilloma by in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes. 133


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