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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cell nuclei were isolated from bladder irrigation specimens from urologic patients having neoplastic disease and distinct aneuploid tumor populations with ploidy levels greater than 2. 0c . The isolated nuclei were subsequently stained with acridine orange, and their fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry. The RNA-DNA frequency distributions of nuclei were compared to those of whole, intact cells from the identical specimens. A comparison of RNA content revealed distinct subpopulations of aneuploid G1 tumor cells with different RNA content. The low and high RNA subpopulations were present in both whole cells and intact nuclei. The overall profile regarding ploidy levels of tumors as well as cell cycle distributions were comparable in both whole cells and nuclei. The resolution of DNA content, however, was significantly better in nuclei preparations. This fact made it easier to distinguish aneuploid cells with near-diploid values of DNA content.
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PMID:RNA and DNA content of isolated nuclei from bladder irrigation specimens as measured by flow cytometry. 620 51

The addition of glucose to a suspension of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells results in rapid acidification of the extracellular medium due to lactic acid production. The nature of the H+ efflux mechanism has been studied by measuring the time course of the acidification, the rate of proton efflux, the direction and relative magnitude of the H+ concentration gradient, and the voltage across the membrane. Using the pH-sensitive dye acridine orange, we have established that after addition of 10 mM glucose an outward-directed H+ concentration gradient develops. As the rate of glycolysis slows, the continued extrusion of H+ reverses the direction of the H+ concentration gradient. Changes in absorbance of the voltage-sensitive dye diethyloxadicarbocyanine iodide (DOCC), and changes in the distribution of the lipid permeant cation tetraphenyl phosphonium, showed a dramatic and persistent hyperpolarization of the membrane voltage after glucose addition. The hyperpolarization was prevented by the protonophore tetrachlorosalicylanalide (TCS) and by valinomycin, but not by the neutral-exchange ionophore nigericin. Inhibitors of lactate efflux were found to reduce the rate of acidification after glucose addition but they had no effect on the magnitude of the resulting hyperpolarization. On the basis of these and other data we suggest that an active electrogenic pump mechanism for H+ efflux may be activated by glucose and that this mechanism operates independently of the lactate carrier system.
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PMID:Evidence for activation of an active electrogenic proton pump in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells during glycolysis. 626 91

Using a beeswax/tricaprylin mixture as vehicle, three doses each of acridine, benz[a]acridine (BaAC), benz[c]acridine (BcAC), dibenz[a,h]-acridine (DBa,hAC) and dibenz[a,j]acridine (DBa,jAC) were injected into the lungs of 35 female Osborne-Mendel rats per group. To compare the carcinogenic potency of the heterocycles, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was taken as reference substance. Dose-response relationships were obtained for DBa,hAC as well as for BaP. DBa,jAC and BcAC exhibited no carcinogenic effects in the dose range from 0.1 mg to 1 mg tested in the lung implantation model. From the results presented here, it cannot be excluded that tumor development may occur when testing higher doses. BaP, however, must be considered much more potent since it revealed, by far, higher tumor incidences and diminished life times.
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PMID:Experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of five nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic compounds directly injected into rat lungs. 631 69

A study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow cells as an objective means for diagnosis, classification and prognosis in patients with leukemia. Abnormal DNA content as a marker of neoplastic disease was found in only 15% of 264 adult patients with acute leukemia (13% in AML, 26% in ALL/AUL). Alternative means of tumor cell detection in heterogeneous marrow samples include determination of nucleolar antigen density and double-stranded RNA content. Phenotypic characterization of leukemia subtypes can be afforded by RNA content analysis of acridine orange-stained cells, demonstrating significantly higher mean RNA content values in AML, compared to ALL/AUL. Cytokinetic parameters amenable to flow cytometric analysis include measurements of cell cycle compartment distribution by DNA content, of cycle traverse rate by BUdR-induced modification of fluorescence intensity of DNA specific dyes and of growth fraction employing the method of in situ DNA denaturation and subsequent acridine orange staining. Determination of cell cycle distribution and RNA content pretreatment and serially during remission induction in 82 patients demonstrated a significantly lower pretreatment biopsy S phase proportion in responding patients with AML compared to individuals failing treatment whereas an opposite trend was noted in patients with ALL/AUL. While of no prognostic impact pretreatment, serial determinations of the RNA content during the first chemotherapy induction course revealed significant differences between responding and failing patients with AML. Also, patients attaining remission demonstrated a rise in marrow biopsy S phase compartment size by day 10 to 14 of treatment, thus, predicting remission during marrow hypoplasia. We conclude that quantitative cytologic examination of marrow cells from patients with acute leukemia provides useful diagnostic and prognostic information that should aid in the stratification of patients with poor prognosis to receive new agents.
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PMID:Quantitative cytology in leukemia research. 634 34

Two different evaluation methods of the "in vitro" bacterial killing activity of macrophages were compared; the former based on the determination of the number of viable microorganisms in the supernatant of macrophage cultures by a microbiological plate method; the latter based on the evidentiation of intracellular killing by differential staining of living and killed microorganisms with acridine orange. Phagocytic and microbicidal activities of peritoneal cells were investigated by the two methods in control rats and in tumor-bearing rats. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the kinetics of phagocytosis and microbial killing were evidentiated in macrophages from tumor-bearing rats. Furthermore, both methods proved to be suitable and reproducible.
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PMID:[Phagocytic and intracellular killing activity of rat macrophages: critical analysis of 2 different evaluation methods]. 639 74

Earlier evidence, in Part I of this paper, has shown that cytotoxic and antitumor 1-nitroacridines did not primarily exert their potent inhibitory effects on cultured mammalian cells by physicochemical binding with DNA, although it undoubtedly occurred (Chem.-Biol. Interact., 43 (1983) 131). As a result it was investigated (i) whether 9-14C- or 1'-14C-labeled derivatives of their representative, 1-nitro-9-/3'-dimethylamino-n-propylamino/acridine (Ledakrin or Nitracrine), were capable of covalent binding with nucleic acids and other suitable macromolecules in target cells in vivo and/or (ii) whether activation of the agent in the cell was a necessary prerequisite for such binding. Using the criteria of resistance to exhaustive extractions with trichloroacetic acid and/or organic solvents, [14C]Ledakrin was found to bind covalently, with relatively little discrimination, with: (i) intracellular macromolecules, including DNA, of cultured tumor HeLa cells (370-2500 DNA base pairs/one Ledakrin molecule; (ii) experimental animal tumor Ehrlich ascites (Eat) cells in vivo (650-5880 DNA base pairs/one Ledakrin molecule); (iii) bacterial Bacillus subtilis SB 1058 cells (7000-33 000 Ledakrin links/one cell genome); (iv) NADPH-fortified rat liver homogenates in vitro (25.6 nmol/mg microsomal protein under air). These results far exceed the common levels reported for alkylating agents or chemical carcinogens. Unlike [ethyl-14C]quinacrine, compared in vitro, covalent macromolecules binding with Ledakrin in vitro, and most probably in vivo, can be equated to NADPH-dependent activation(s) by oxidoreductase systems and the presence of DNA alone was not satisfactory in itself to attain Ledakrin binding. Fractionation of the enzymatic digest of 14C-associated DNA, isolated from Eat cells exposed in vivo to [9-14C]Ledakrin, by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography followed by mass spectrometry analyses of modified nucleosides, indicated that both mono- and dinucleosidical Ledakrin metabolites were the products of an in vivo reaction. This implied that the lethal reaction of the drug could be its cross-linking of the target macromolecules and/or its monofunctional attack on vitally important cellular components.
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PMID:The mode of action of cytotoxic and antitumor 1-nitroacridines. II. In vivo enzyme-mediated covalent binding of a 1-nitroacridine derivative, Ledakrin or Nitracrine, with dna and other macromolecules of mammalian or bacterial cells. 640 14

To define a critical lesion in presumable target DNA cause in vivo by the antitumor and cytotoxic 1-nitroacridines, Ehrlich ascites tumor (Eat) cells implanted into mice, HeLa cells grown in monolayer culture or Bacillus subtilis SB 1058 strain cells were exposed to Ledakrin [Nitracrine; 1-nitro-9-(3'-dimethylamino-n-propylamino)acridine], its non-antitumor congeners, or mitomycin C tested for comparison; total intracellular DNA was isolated from control or treated cells and denatured by heat, alkali or formamide, after which the chemically-induced fraction of interstrand cross-linked DNA molecules was assessed by thermal denaturation-renaturation curve analysis, hydroxylapatite column chromatography, or partitioning in a Dextran T500-polyethylene glycol 6000 biphasic system. Ledakrin, as compared to mitomycin C, was a very effective cross-linking agent, inducing one covalent cross-link per approx. 20 X 10(3) (B. subtilis), 56 X 10(3) (HeLa) or 80 X 10(3) (Eat) DNA base pairs. The first cross-links were introduced in B. subtilis cell genomes at minimal bactericidal concentrations of Ledakrin of mitomycin C. Ledakrin failed to induce discernible cross-linking of bihelical DNA when complexed with in cell-free system. Unlike the other two 1-nitroacridines which cross-linked DNA of cultured HeLa or B. subtilis cells, the non-antitumor 2-, 3- or 4-nitroacridines did not cause such effect and diminished cross-linking by Ledakrin or mitomycin C. Hence, upon metabolic activation in mammalian or bacterial cell Ledakrin and, most probably other 1-nitroacridines, become very effective DNA cross-linking agents and such effects appear to be responsible for the antitumor and potent cytotoxic activities of 1-nitroacridines.
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PMID:The mode of action of cytotoxic and antitumor 1-nitroacridines. III. In vivo interstrand cross-linking of DNA of mammalian or bacterial cells by 1-nitroacridines. 640 15

This communication describes a simple method for recording fluorescence emission spectra of cytological preparations using a conventional fluorescence spectrophotometer. The emission characteristics of "in situ" complexes between some basic fluorochromes (DAPI, 33258 Hoechst, acridine orange, pyronin Y, and ethidium bromide) and nucleic acid containing structures from smears of chicken blood and Ehrlich tumor cells (chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm) are briefly described.
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PMID:A simple method for the fluorescence analysis of nucleic acid-dye complexes in cytological preparations. 646 18

Previous studies using the KHT sarcoma have shown that misonidazole (MISO) enhances the cytotoxicity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) by as much as a factor of 2.0. In the present study flow cytometry was used to monitor the changing DNA distributions of cells dissociated from solid tumors at successive times following treatment with CCNU, applied either alone or in combination with 0.5 mg/g MISO. The proportion of cells in late S and the G2M phases of the cell cycle increased gradually after CCNU treatment. MISO did not significantly change this block in cell progression, which persisted for at least 48 hr after treatment in all cases. CCNU shows marked carbamoylating activity, which has been associated with inhibition of RNA processing and with the degree of chemopotentiation achieved with MISO. Consequently, to evaluate whether MISO chemopotentiation was influencing the RNA distributions in tumors, RNA histograms were generated using acridine orange to differentially stain cellular DNA and RNA. By 24 hr after treatment, CCNU clearly altered the distribution of RNA, but no significant differences could be detected between results obtained from drug and drug plus sensitizer treated groups. These studies demonstrate the effect of CCNU on cell cycle progression in vivo. The addition of MISO did not result in further perturbation of the total tumor population, suggesting that cell cycle redistribution does not play a major role in chemopotentiation by MISO.
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PMID:The effect in the KHT sarcoma of CCNU and MISO on cell cycle progression evaluated by flow-cytometry. 648 Apr 50

The tumorigenicity of benz[c]acridine (B[c]ACR) and a number of its derivatives, including the five metabolically possible transdihydrodiols, the diastereomeric bay-region diol-epoxides, two non-bay-region diol-epoxides, and the K-region 5,6-oxide, were assessed in newborn mice. A total dose of 0.50 or 1.05 mumol of compound was administered i.p. to preweanling mice, and tumorigenic activity was determined when the mice were 33 to 37 weeks old. B[c]ACR was a weak carcinogen producing an average of 2.5 lung tumors/mouse and 0.15 liver tumor/male mouse at the 1.05-mumol dose. Of the five metabolically possible trans-dihydrodiols of B[c]ACR, only trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-B[c] ACR (B[c]ACR (B[c]ACR 3,4-dihydrodiol) had high tumorigenic activity. B[c]ACR 3,4-dihydrodiol induced 2- and 10-fold more pulmonary and hepatic tumors, respectively, than did the parent compound while the trans-1,2-, 5,6-, 8,9-, and 10,11-dihydrodiols had very little or no tumorigenic activity. Both of the diastereomeric bay-region 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxides, in which the epoxide oxygen is either cis (isomer 1) or trans (isomer 2) to the benzylic hydroxyl group, had tumorigenic activity. Isomer 2 was the most tumorigenic derivative tested, inducing at least 60, 7, and 12 times more lung tumors per mouse than did isomer 1, B[c]ACR 3,4-dihydrodiol and B[c]ACR, respectively. The K-region 5,6-oxide and two non-bay-region diol-epoxides (isomer 2 of B[c]ACR 8,9-diol-10,11-epoxide and B[c]ACR 10,11-diol-8,9-epoxide) were weakly active or inactive at the dose tested. The demonstration that B[c]ACR 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide-2 is exceptionally tumorigenic and that its metabolic precursor, B[c]ACR 3,4-dihydrodiol, is more active than the parent hydrocarbon, B[c]ACR, support the concept that isomer 2 of the bay-region diol-epoxide may be an ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of B[c]ACR.
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PMID:Tumorigenicity of dihydrodiols and diol-epoxides of benz[c]acridine in newborn mice. 648 76


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