Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of retroperitoneal tumor presenting with gross hematuria is reported. A 62-year-old female consulted our clinic with the chief complaint of gross hematuria. On physical examination, a goose-egg sized tumor was palpable in the left flank region. Drip infusion pyelography and computerized tomographic scan showed left retroperitoneal tumor which deviated the left kidney upwards. Percutaneous needle biopsy of the tumor revealed no malignancy. Total resection of the tumor was performed subsequently. A yellowish solid tumor was macroscopically encapsulated by fibrous tissue, weighed 230 g and 6 x 7 x 10 cm. Histopathological diagnosis was malignant schwannoma. After operation, the hematuria stopped without any treatment and deviation of the left kidney was improved. Soft tissue tumor should be treated by adjuvant chemotherapy with irradiation because of its high frequency of recurrence and metastasis. Combined chemotherapy with VCR, ADR, CPM and DTIC (CYVADIC) was performed and she is in good health at 1 year after operation.
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PMID:[A case of retroperitoneal tumor presenting with gross hematuria]. 223 58

Prostatic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in an 11-year-old neutered cat. Clinical signs of the disease included hematuria and a mass in the caudal portion of the abdomen. Prostatectomy was performed. Doxorubicin was administered IV at a dosage of 30 mg/m2 of body surface, followed by cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2, IV). After 4 treatments, low urine specific gravity and proteinuria developed, and treatment was discontinued. The cat was euthanatized 10 months after surgery because of recurrence of the neoplasm. Necropsy revealed metastasis to the lungs and pancreas.
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PMID:Prostatic adenocarcinoma in a cat. 227 82

Pyrazine diazohydroxide (sodium salt, NSC 361456; PZDH) is a new antitumor drug with relatively broad activity in initial evaluations against murine leukemias, solid tumors, and two human tumor xenografts in vivo. The present studies were designed to address questions about PZDH activity on different treatment schedules, its activity against metastases, and the extent of its cross-resistance with established drugs. Human LOX amelanotic melanoma xenografts in athymic mice were used to explore schedule dependence and activity against natural metastases, and a series of drug-resistant murine leukemias provided an in vivo cross-resistance profile. Single-dose treatment and prolonged treatment provided equivalent therapeutic responses to PZDH by both the i.p. and i.v. routes in the i.p. LOX model. A s.c. LOX model resulting in spontaneous pulmonary metastases was adapted for bioassay and quantitation of the numbers of LOX cells killed by PZDH among both primary and metastatic cell populations. It was demonstrated that PZDH afforded about 2-log10 orders of magnitude greater cell kill among pulmonary metastases than against primary s.c. LOX tumors in the same mouse. Murine leukemias resistant to doxorubicin (ADR), vincristine (VCR), cisplatin (DDPt), methotrexate (MTX), N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU), and cyclophosphamide (CPA) were not cross-resistant to PZDH. However, both P388 and L1210 leukemia sublines resistant to melphalan (L-PAM) were cross-resistant to PZDH, suggesting that patients previously treated with L-PAM might have less likelihood of response to PZDH than those who had had no opportunity to develop L-PAM resistance. Although these observations should not be applied to clinical studies without due caution, they support clinical evaluation of PZDH as well as continued investigation of its molecular pharmacology.
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PMID:Schedule dependence, activity against natural metastases, and cross-resistance of pyrazine diazohydroxide (sodium salt, NSC 361456) in preclinical models in vivo. 231 Nov 70

A short-term antimetabolic assay based on the interference with 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine incorporation after 3 hours of in vitro treatment was used to compare the cytotoxicity of a new halogenated anthracycline, 4'-Iodo-4'-deoxydoxorubicin (IDX), with that of its parent compound Doxorubicin (DX) against 44 human colorectal carcinomas. IDX had a marked dose-dependent effect, with frequencies of activity consistently greater than those of DX at all concentrations. The minimal dose of IDX required to induce a significant antimetabolic effect obtained by extrapolation from the dose-effect plots for each drug was 1/10 that of DX (2.3 micrograms/ml vs 23 micrograms/ml). When the relative activities of the two drugs on the same tumor specimen were determined, there was 71% to 86% overall agreement, depending on the concentration used. Lack of agreement was always attributed to sensitivity to IDX and resistance to the parent compound.
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PMID:Absolute and relative activities of 4' -iodo-4'-deoxydoxorubicin against human colo-rectal tumors, as evaluated by a short-term in vitro assay. 233 14

We report a double-agar clonogenic system adapted to human breast cancer. We optimized the conditions for cell growth and clonogenicity with respect to hormones (insulin, estradiol, progesterone) and components of the extracellular matrix (collagen, laminin and fibronectin). Using our experimental improvements, 67% of the breast tumor samples received were grown successfully. Tests on 21 tumors with three agents: Doxorubicin, Methotrexate and 5-Fluorouracil permit objective discrimination of the in vitro pharmacosensitivity of human breast tumors. Flow cytometric analysis reveal that 64% of the tumors were diploid and 36% were aneuploid. The aneuploid tumors grew better in the double agar layer system used for the clonogenic assay. The diploid tumors were especially rich in estrogen (ER+) and progesterone (PR+) receptors whereas the aneuploid tumors were mostly estrogen and progesterone receptors negative (ER-/PR-). Finally, we noted no difference in drug responsiveness depending on the tumor ploidy and steroid receptor content.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of human breast tumors and assessment of in vitro chemosensitivity by clonogenic assays. 233 69

Intravesical instillation of anti-cancer drugs for superficial urinary bladder cancer is generally carried out with the aim of prophylaxis against recurrence and chemotherapy against tumor. But since sensitivity of tumor cells to each anti-cancer drug differs individually, the anti-cancer drug to be used should also be decided individually. We selected a new sensitivity test, ATP-sensitivity-assay, which measures intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) volume by Luciferin-Luciferase reaction, for the decision of the anti-cancer drug. In this paper, we evaluated the direct anti-tumor activity of the drugs that were decided by ATP-sensitivity-assay of intravesical chemotherapy. Six drugs, that are Doxorubicin (ADM), Mitomycin C (MMC), Pirarubicin (THP-ADM), Cytarabine (Ara-C), Bleomycin (BLM) and Cisplatin (CDDP) were tested in this research and size of tumors of six patients reduced to 34-93% after 6 times' installation. A woman got cystitis induced by ADM after 3 times' instillation but instillation was completed. ATP-sensitivity-assay is useful for deciding the anti-cancer drugs for intravesical chemotherapy and prophylaxis for superficial bladder cancer.
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PMID:[Usefulness of ATP-sensitivity-assay of intravesical instillation therapy of anti-cancer agents for superficial bladder cancer]. 237 28

Rats bearing Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells were given i.p. injections of actinomycin D, doxorubicin, or daunorubicin. Four hours after injection, tumor cells were removed from the ascites fluid and analyzed for protein B23 translocation using an immunofluorescence technique. Bright nucleolar fluorescence was observed in untreated cells. Treatment with actinomycin D (1.25 mg/kg), doxorubicin (25 mg/kg), or daunorubicin (12.5 mg/kg) produced a uniform nucleoplasmic fluorescence. This change in immunofluorescence distribution indicated that protein B23 translocated from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm after drug treatment. These results are an extension of previous studies with HeLa cells (Yung et al., Cancer Res. 46: 922-925, 1986). Doxorubicin-resistant and -sensitive mouse leukemia cells (P388) were cultured in medium containing various doses of doxorubicin for 4 h, and the responsive levels of the cells to doxorubicin were compared. At 50 micrograms/ml doxorubicin, 86% of the doxorubicin-sensitive cells showed uniform nucleoplasmic fluorescence, and less than 2% of the cells retained nucleolar fluorescence. At this same dose, only 9% of the resistant cells showed nucleoplasmic fluorescence, and 75% of the cells retained nucleolar fluorescence. At 100 micrograms/ml, about 26% of the resistant cells showed translocation, in contrast to 100% of the sensitive cells that showed B23 translocation. About 57% of the resistant cells showed an intermediate effect, and about 17% of the resistant cells maintained bright nucleolar fluorescence at this dose. The resistant cells also showed less responsiveness to actinomycin D. These results suggest that identification of "B23 translocation" may be used to detect drug-resistant cells and to study the efficacy of certain antitumor agents.
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PMID:Nucleolar protein B23 translocation after doxorubicin treatment in murine tumor cells. 243 99

Different activation energy for heat cell killing is observed between ranges of temperatures at above and below 43 degrees C, i.e. ca. 150 and 360 kcal/mol, respectively, resulting in the different concept and mode of application in clinical heating for oncotherapy. Cell phase response to heat is characterized in more thermosensitivity of S-phase cells rather than G2, M and G1 phases, while less radiosensitive of S-phase. Reduced partial Oxygen tension (pO2), nutrition and pH as the cell-extrinsic circumstances result in enhanced thermosensitivity, respectively. Not synthesis but cellular content of heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of physiological stress proteins, which are produced by the cells principally after and occasionally even during the sublethal heating with the contrary reduction of the other proteogeneses or otherwise which are produced constitutively, concern development of thermotolerance. Among the combined thermotherapy with anticancer drug(s), that with MMC or BLM showed interactive, or more than additive, cell killing effect, while that with ADR occasionally showed less than additive effect up to the modality of the combination. Benzaldehyde showed no appreciable cytotoxicity at 37 degrees C while enhanced thermosensitivity and inhibited development of thermotolerance. Study on therapeutic ratio in in vitro cells enables that effect of each of the above-mentioned extrinsic factors on the cellular thermosensitivity is investigated independently, while study on that in vivo may not distinguish the effect of the each factor since those are given by a single cause of inadequate vascularization of tumor tissue rather than the normal counter part.
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PMID:[Fundamentals of thermochemotherapy of cancer]. 244 3

Pyrindamycins A(1) and B(2) exhibited stronger cytotoxic activities than doxorubicin towards murine and human tumor cell lines and especially towards doxorubicin-resistant cells. Pyrindamycins A and B were also active in vivo against P388/ADR, a multidrug-resistant tumor cell line. Intracellular accumulation of pyrindamycins A and B in P388/ADR was the same as in P388. These antibiotics strongly inhibited DNA synthesis compared with RNA or protein synthesis. They showed significant therapeutic effects towards murine leukemia, but not to solid tumors.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of pyrindamycins A and B. 253 Nov 36

The characteristics of 367 stage I-IV National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) children who relapsed after initial treatment for unilateral disease in the second and third NWTS trials (NWTS-2 and -3) were analyzed to identify features predictive of survival. Although modifications in initial therapy resulted in a lower rate of first relapse in these two studies compared with NWTS-1, all previously identified prognostic factors after relapse remained statistically significant predictors of survival. Tumor histology, length of initial remission, initial therapy with two v three drugs, and site of relapse each were independently predictive of postrelapse survival. The 3-year postrelapse survival for all 367 patients was 30% +/- 3%; however, subgroups classified by these prognostic factors were identified that had 3-year postrelapse survival rates of greater than 40%. These subgroups included patients who had tumors of favorable histology (FH) that recurred (1) only in the lungs, (2) in the abdomen when radiotherapy (RT) was not initially given, or (3) that were originally stage I, (4) that were originally treated with only two drugs, or (5) that recurred 12 months or more after diagnosis. These results were achieved with the use of standard treatments, ie, surgery, RT, and chemotherapy using dactinomycin (AMD), vincristine (VCR), and Adriamycin [( ADR] doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH). It is suggested that patients in these groups might be managed with aggressive use of conventional therapies until newer chemotherapeutic agents and drug combinations are shown to be more effective. Patients with adverse prognostic features at relapse have a poor survival expectancy with standard measures. Salvage attempts for these patients are better based on experimental approaches.
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PMID:Prognostic factors for children with recurrent Wilms' tumor: results from the Second and Third National Wilms' Tumor Study. 254 Feb 89


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