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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neonatal treatment with estrogens is associated with development of uterine adenocarcinomas in CD-1 mice. Treatment with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) on Days 1 to 5 after birth results in 90% incidence of these hormone-dependent lesions in 18-mo.-old mice. Three cell lines were established from these DES-associated tumors. Each of these cell lines exhibited morphologic and ultrastructural characteristics of transformed epithelial cells, including an increased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, enlarged and irregular nuclei with multiple nucleoli and areas of chromatin condensation, positive staining for cytokeratin, desmosomes, and microvilli. After subcutaneous injection into nude mice, all three cell lines formed solid tumors within 4 wk. Although the primary uterine tumors and tumor transplants in nude mice had been shown to be estrogen-dependent and estrogen-receptor positive, neither the monolayer growth nor the tumorigenicity of any of the three cell lines in this study was enhanced by or dependent on estrogen. Estrogen receptor levels were low in early and intermediate passage cells. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis of PCR-amplified cell line DNA revealed no point mutations in the 12th, 13th, or 61st codons of the K-ras or H-ras protooncogenes. Southern analysis revealed no changes in genomic organization of the putative tumor suppressor gene DCC, but demonstrated a three- to four-fold amplification of the c-myc gene in one cell line. Expression of c-myc RNA was concomitantly increased in the same cell line. These three transformed cell lines represent the end point in the process of hormone-associated tumorigenesis and as such should prove useful in investigating the molecular changes and the mechanisms involved in hormonal carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Characterization of murine cell lines from diethylstilbestrol-induced uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas. 159 5

The adenoid variant of squamous cell carcinoma has been well-documented in several anatomic sites, including the skin. This tumor is characterized by acantholytic arrays of neoplastic keratinocytes that form pseudoglandular profiles. Although it is typically confused with adenocarcinomas, adenoid squamous cell carcinoma also may be mistaken for malignant vascular proliferations. This report concerns six acantholytic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that closely simulated angiosarcomas on conventional histologic examination. They arose in sun-exposed skin areas in middle-aged or elderly patients (mean age, 60 years), five of whom were men. In contrast to the typical clinical appearance of angiosarcoma, pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma presented itself as a discrete cutaneous ulcer or crusted tanpink nodule. Microscopically, this lesion was characterized by interanastomosing cordlike arrays of polygonal or flattened tumor cells, with internal pseudolumina that contained detached tumor cells. A connection between the dermal neoplasm and the epidermis was apparent in three cases, but it was focal. Erythrocytes were seen in pseudovascular spaces in five tumors. Immunohistochemically, all examples of pseudovascular adenoid squamous carcinoma were reactive with antibodies to cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). In addition, three expressed vimentin, two exhibited blood group antigen-positivity, and two bound Ulex europaeus I agglutinin. None of them was immunoreactive for Factor VIII-related antigen, and two of three studied for CD34-reactivity were likewise negative. A control group of six cutaneous angiosarcomas was uniformly nonreactive for cytokeratin and EMA, but they showed positivity for vimentin, Ulex binding, and CD34 positivity in all instances. Pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma may be distinguished effectively from angiosarcoma of the skin by attention to its clinical features and by appropriate immunohistochemical studies. These two tumors differ in biologic behavior; three patients with pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma died of their tumors, whereas all angiosarcomas in this series proved fatal.
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PMID:Pseudovascular adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. A neoplasm that may be mistaken for angiosarcoma. 159 22

The authors describe the case of a 32 year-old woman with a congenital neurofibromatosis referred for excision of a painful subcutaneous nodule of the left popliteal space. The histological study showed a tumor displaying a biphasic pattern made of fascicles of benign spindle cells admixed with mucinous epithelium. Immunohistochemistry (cytokeratin X, ECA X) and electron microscopy helped to prove the true epithelial nature of the glandular components. Glandular schwannoma has rarely been described, especially in a benign histological pattern; this one has never been reported in association with Von Recklinghausen's disease. The histogenesis of the glandular schwannoma remains uncertain.
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PMID:[Benign glandular schwannoma and Recklinghausen disease. Report of a case]. 159 70

Three spindle cell neoplasms were encountered in a series of 46 FNA of the adrenal performed between 1984 and 1991. These neoplasms included a recurrent undifferentiated adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) with a predominant spindle cell pattern, a pheochromocytoma (PC), and a metastatic desmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM). Cytologically, the ACC was characterized by the presence of numerous microtissue fragments composed of spindle-shaped malignant cells with oval to spindle-shaped nuclei, one or more nucleoli, and bipolar cytoplasmic processes. In some areas the tumor cells were dissected by vascular channels. The background contained abundant metachromatic stroma as well as individually scattered tumor cells. The PC was composed predominantly of loosely cohesive spindle-shaped cells along with more polygonal shaped cells with delicate faintly staining granular cytoplasm. The tumor cells exhibited mild anisonucleosis. The tumor fragments were well vascularized by arborizing delicate capillary channels. The DMM was composed of microtissue fragments, interlacing fascicles and loose aggregates of spindle-shaped malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, small nucleoli, and an absence of cytoplasmic pigment. In each case ancillary studies including immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy (EM) were helpful in the differential diagnosis. The ACC was negative for cytokeratins, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and muscle-specific actin (HHF), but displayed strong positivity for vimentin as well as characteristic whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum by EM. The PC was positive for NSE and chromogranin with no EM performed. The DMM stained for S-100 and vimentin but was negative for HMB-45, cytokeratin, and HHF. EM examination revealed rare atypical premelanosomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of spindle cell neoplasms of the adrenal gland. 160 81

Most compensations for asbestos-related deaths secondary to cancer center around mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma. The differential diagnosis between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma is a common and troublesome one, necessitating the correlation between clinical history, radiographic findings, and pathologic examination of tissues and cells. We describe a multimodal approach based on the use of routine and special stains, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopy for distinguishing between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. Once a malignant diagnosis is arrived at by careful pathological examination, the tumor is classified as mesothelioma if mesothelial cells are identified as the constituent cells of the neoplasm. Mesothelial cells are recognized by (1) their main ultrastructural features: slender and elongated microvilli, abundant intermediate filaments, and lacking secretory granules; and (2) their characteristic immunocytochemical reactivity: positivity for cytokeratin, EMA, and vimentin, and negativity for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), B72-3, Leu-M1, and other gland-cell markers. A variety of methods have been attempted in an effort to distinguish between reactive and malignant mesothelial cells. In practice, however, such distinction depends more on experience and expertise than in any fool-proof ancillary tests. A number of these tests are discussed along with the illustration of classical and unusual examples of mesothelioma and other pleural tumors.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma: a multimodal approach based on ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry. 160 55

Atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung with amyloid stroma seen in a 43-year-old woman is reported. The 47 x 45 x 33 mm tumor, located at the periphery of the S8 segment of the resected left lower lobe, revealed Dylon-positive amyloid deposition in the stroma. The argyrophilic tumor cells with occasional mitoses and focal venous involvement predominantly showed immunoreactivity of cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, cystatin C, chromogranin A, calcitonin and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Fewer cells were immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, gastrin-releasing peptide, serotonin, methionine-enkephalin and gastrin. Immunoreactive CGRP or NPY were co-localized in calcitonin-positive cells. The amyloid substance was positively labeled only for CGRP. Immunostaining for amylin, a polypeptide isolated from insular amyloid in type II diabetes mellitus or insulinoma showing a 50% homology with CGRP, was negative. The specificity of immunostaining for calcitonin, CGRP and amylin was confirmed by immunoabsorption tests using synthetic human antigens. Immunoelectron microscopic studies disclosed peptide localization in neurosecretory-type granules and CGRP immunoreactivity in extracellular amyloid fibrils. This is the first report describing CGRP as a component of amyloid of endocrine origin.
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PMID:Atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung with amyloid stroma. 160 16

Poorly differentiated Sertoli-stromal cell tumors and carcinosarcomas of the ovary both show biphasic epithelial and stromal patterns and may both show heterologous stromal elements, presenting a difficult diagnosis. We studied the immunohistochemical profile of Sertoli cell differentiation in human testes and applied these findings to the ovarian tumors. Eleven Sertoli-stromal cell tumors, six carcinosarcomas of the ovary, and 11 testes (six fetal, one infant, and four adult) were studied using antibodies to cytokeratin AE1:AE3 (AE1:3), cytokeratin CAM 5.2 (CAM), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, desmin, muscle-specific actin (MSA), S-100 protein (S-100), CA 19-9, CA 125, carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal (CEA-M), carcinoembryonic antigen polyclonal (CEA-P), and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). In the fetal testes, immature gonadal stroma and sex cord areas stained with vimentin (six of six cases), AE1:3 (five of six cases), and CAM (six of six cases). Sertoli cells in immature gonadal stroma areas, sex cords, and seminiferous tubules of normal fetal, infant, or adult testes never showed immunoreactivity for EMA, S-100, CA 19-9, CA 125, CEA-M, CEA-P, or PLAP. All Sertoli-stromal cell tumors stained with AE1:3 and CAM in areas of Sertoli cell differentiation (11 of 11 cases) but did not stain with EMA, PLAP, CEA-P, CEA-M, CA 19-9, CA 125, or S-100 (none of 11 cases). Carcinosarcomas expressed AE1:3 and CAM in all epithelial areas (six of six cases) and most stromal areas (five of six cases). Carcinomatous areas of carcinosarcoma also showed immunoreactivity for EMA (six of six cases), CA 125 (two of six cases), PLAP (two of six cases), CEA-P (two of six cases), and CEA-M (one of six cases), while stromal areas of carcinosarcoma expressed EMA (four of six cases) and S-100 (four of six cases). Heterologous stromal elements were present in three of 11 Sertoli-stromal cell tumors (two showed skeletal muscle and one showed both skeletal muscle and cartilage differentiation) and in four of six carcinosarcomas (one skeletal muscle, one cartilage, and two cartilage and skeletal muscle). All skeletal muscle heterologous elements expressed desmin, vimentin, and MSA. The heterologous cartilage in carcinosarcoma stained with S-100 (three of three), while the one case of heterologous cartilage in Sertoli-stromal cell tumor did not. These results suggest that ovarian Sertoli-stromal cell tumor can be distinguished from carcinosarcoma by the absence of staining for EMA, PLAP, CEA, CA 125, or CA 19-9 in epithelial areas of Sertoli-stromal cell tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Utility of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing ovarian sertoli-stromal cell tumors from carcinosarcomas. 161 79

Epidermotropic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is rare. Based on such a case in an 88-year-old woman with a facial NEC showing epidermotropism with a pagetoid growth pattern, we asked whether several similar tumors involving the epidermis could be easily differentiated by immunohistochemical methods. We constructed a panel of control cases (2 each) for NEC, clear cell Bowen's disease (CCBD), Paget's disease (PD), superficial basal cell carcinoma (SBCC), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTTL), and superficial spreading malignant melanoma (SSMM) to compare with our patient. A panel of antibodies including epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), AE1/3 cytokeratin (CK), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), S-100, and HMB-45 were applied. Cutaneous NEC controls and our patient's tumor were strongly positive for EMA and NSE and had paranuclear dot-like cytoplasmic positivity for CK. CCBD was moderate to strong for CK. PD was strong for CEA. SBCC was essentially negative for all. CTLL was strong for LCA. SSMM was strong for S-100 and HMB-45. Controls were either negative or weak for the antibodies not mentioned. We conclude that this antibody panel can reliably differentiate these epidermotropic or juxtaepidermal tumors in diagnostic dermatopathology and should be applied to lesions requiring separation beyond H & E capabilities, especially with superficial shave biopsies showing small cell "Pagetoid" growth patterns.
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PMID:Epidermotropic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Immunohistochemical differentiation from simulators, including malignant melanoma. 164 47

An unusual carcinoma of the gallbladder in a seventy-one-year-old woman displayed features of a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, atypical carcinoid and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma. The patient died from progressive hepatic failure four months after surgery. Autopsy showed bulky liver masses and several peritoneal nodules exclusively composed of small, hyperchromatic cells. The neuroendocrine nature of the small cell component of the tumor was documented by the presence of neurosecretory granules at the ultrastructural level and by immunocytochemical positivity to NSE and Synaptophysin. The epithelial markers, cytokeratin and CEA, were also positive in the carcinoid and in the undifferentiated portions of the tumor. A common endodermal origin is suggested for carcinoid and small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder.
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PMID:Small-cell carcinoma of gallbladder. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. 165 29

Pleomorphic adenomas of the breast (PAB) are uncommon tumors. We studied the clinicopathologic features of 10 cases of PAB, seven of which were assessed immunohistochemically. Nine patients were women, with a median age at diagnosis of 65 years. Eight patients presented with a palpable mass; two had a nipple discharge. Nine of the tumors were periareolar. The latter epidemiologic findings, coupled with histologic observations, appeared to indicate a preferential origin for PAB within large intramammary ducts. These neoplasms histologically resemble their analogues in salivary glands. Moreover, a gradual histologic transition between different morphologic areas in PAB, especially between mesenchymal and epithelial regions, supported the contention that the neoplasm arises from a single cell type capable of divergent differentiation and thus should not be considered a "mixed" tumor. This contention was further substantiated by immunohistochemical findings, in which three intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, vimentin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) and muscle-specific actin were expressed conjointly in tumor cells with a variety of morphologic appearances. In addition, cells differentiating along mesenchymal lines by conventional microscopy were found to express epithelial membrane antigen or gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in five cases. The benign nature of PAB was supported by a lack of metastases in this series during a median follow-up period of 4.9 years. However, one lesion recurred locally. Regarding therapy, we believe that PAB can be excised successfully with only a narrow circumferential margin of uninvolved breast.
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PMID:Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases. 166 Aug 50


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