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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We analyzed 46 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) using a panel of antibodies to determine the frequency of smooth muscle differentiation and the relationship of immunophenotype to histopathologic features and clinical behavior. Thirty-six GISTs were classified as benign or malignant based exclusively on clinical behavior; a 2-year minimum follow-up was required for benign lesions. GISTs were immunopositive in the following categories: vimentin 45 of 46, desmin nine of 45, muscle-specific actin (MSA) 36 of 46, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) 34 of 46, chicken gizzard actin-7 zero of 38, cytokeratin two of 46, S100 protein six of 46, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) zero of 46, synaptophysin zero of 46, and chromogranin one of 46. At least one muscle marker was positive in 39 of 46 tumors. Five GISTs were MSA positive/SMA negative, and three were MSA negative/SMA positive. All desmin-positive cases reacted with MSA or SMA. Eight GISTs were positive for vimentin, MSA, SMA, and desmin, whereas seven were vimentin positive only. Compared with the latter, the former tended to be smaller, less often necrotic, and clinically benign (p less than 0.05 for each). All vimentin-positive only GISTs were malignant. Immunohistochemical features did not correlate with tumor site, cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, or mitotic rate. Benign GISTs were less cellular than were malignant GISTs (p less than 0.05), but they did not differ statistically in degree of nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, mitotic rate, or size. We conclude that (a) 85% of GISTs react with at least one muscle antibody; (b) immunohistochemical features are unrelated to anatomic site; (c) SMA is, in effect, as sensitive as MSA, whereas desmin is less sensitive; and (d) simultaneous vimentin, MSA, SMA, and desmin positivity correlates with a benign outcome.
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PMID:Muscle differentiation and clinicopathologic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. 141 3

Plasma growth hormone (GH) responses to various stimuli were examined in 21 patients with GH-producing pituitary adenomas, classified into three types by the immunohistochemistry of cytokeratin and the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit distribution. Seven type 1 adenomas were exclusively composed of cells in which the cytokeratin formed a dot-like pattern; they were chromophobic to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), occasionally positive for GH, and almost completely negative for the alpha-subunit. Thirteen type 2 adenomas were composed of cells with cytokeratin that had a perinuclear distribution; they were eosinophilic to H&E, and diffusely positive for both GH and the alpha-subunit. One patient had a type 3 adenoma which had a mixed pattern of intracellular cytokeratin distribution and was chromophobic and eosinophilic to H&E. Clinically, type 1 is characterized by earlier onset, larger tumor size, and more frequent aggressive extension. Paradoxical GH responses to TRH and OGTT were seen in 1 of 6 patients (16.7%) of type 1 and 8 of 9 patients (88.9%) of type 2, and 0% of type 1 and 62.5% of type 2, respectively. Type 2 cases showed higher plasma GH response to GH-releasing hormone, and a tendency to greater suppression of plasma GH by bromocriptine compared with type 1. Octreotide acetate administration revealed that the nadir/basal ratio of plasma GH levels was 42.9 +/- 6.6% in type 1 and 13.5 +/- 5.8% in type 2. These results suggest that there is a pathophysiological difference between these two distinct types of GH-producing pituitary adenomas.
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PMID:Differences in pathological findings and growth hormone responses in patients with growth hormone-producing pituitary adenoma. 144 51

In two cases of solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN), positive staining for argyrophil granules, chromogranin-A, neuron-specific enolase, chymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, vimentin, cytokeratin, and estrogen receptors was present. Ultrastructurally, neurosecretory as well as zymogenlike granules were demonstrated. Measurements of mean nuclear volume and volume-corrected mitotic index discriminated between SPN and well-differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, with notably lower values being seen in SPN. Silver-stained nucleolar organizer region counts showed wide overlaps. The results suggest that SPN is a tumor with mixed endocrine and exocrine features. Its low malignant potential compared to ductal adenocarcinoma is reflected in the mean nuclear volume and volume-corrected mitotic index. The presence of estrogen receptors may prove therapeutically useful.
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PMID:Solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas. 144 85

A symptomless scrotal mass was removed from a 34-year-old man. The lesion was 7 cm in diameter and it was grossly a hemorrhagic cyst with indurated walls. By light microscopy tumor cell clusters and cords were seen infiltrating the testicle, tunica albuginea, and paratesticular tissue. In the immunohistochemical analysis the tumor cells were immunoreactive with anti-S-100 protein and anticarcinoembryonic antigen, but they did not express cytokeratin or alpha-fetoprotein as tested with paraffin sections. Tumor cell clusters were enveloped by a laminin-positive basement membrane. Electron microscopy revealed abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and membranous whorls in the cytoplasm. Lamellar whorled bodies were also seen in mitochondria, which contained tubulovesicular cristae. The presence of a well-developed, often multilayered basement membrane was confirmed at ultrastructural level. The activity of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase suggested that the tumor cells were capable of androgen synthesis. The morphological features are reminiscent of fetal-type Leydig cells and are distinctly different from the Leydig cell tumors described so far.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of a fetal-type Leydig cell tumor. 144 84

The classification of cartilaginous neoplasms of the craniospinal axis is controversial. Indeed, the very existence of chondroid chordomas has recently been questioned. In an effort to clarify the direction of differentiation of cartilaginous neoplasms of this region, 17 neoplasms obtained from 17 patients with cartilaginous tumors of the craniospinal axis were examined by immunohistochemistry with a panel of antibodies. The panel included antibodies to cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin (VIM), S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and type II collagen. Areas with cartilaginous differentiation were present in all 17 neoplasms. These areas were characterized by a matrix of amorphous blue ground substance with lacunae that contained enlarged and slightly atypical cells. This cartilaginous matrix stained strongly for type II collagen. Thirteen of the 17 neoplasms had a biphasic growth pattern in which areas with conventional chordoma were admixed with areas with cartilaginous differentiation. The cells within the cartilaginous components of these 13 neoplasms stained for CK (10 of 12 cases), EMA (10 of 13 cases), VIM (12 of 12 cases), S-100 protein (seven of 12 cases), and CEA (two of nine cases). Similarly, the conventional chordoma components of these same 13 neoplasms stained for CK (12 of 12 cases), EMA (13 of 13 cases), VIM (12 of 12 cases), S-100 protein (nine of 12 cases), and CEA (two of nine cases). The hyaline-appearing areas between the cords and sheets of cells of the conventional chordoma components of these 13 tumors also stained with type II collagen. These 13 tumors with both neoplastic cartilage and conventional chordoma were classified as chondroid chordomas. One of the 17 cases was composed entirely of neoplastic cartilage; however, the cells within the matrix of the cartilage of this neoplasm stained with the epithelial markers (CK and EMA). Based on the presence of epithelial differentiation within this otherwise cartilaginous neoplasm, it was also classified as a chondroid chordoma. In contrast, the remaining three cases without histologic evidence of chordoma differentiation did not stain for CK or EMA, but they did stain for S-100 protein (three of three cases) and VIM (three of three cases). These three tumors were therefore classified as chondrosarcomas. For purposes of comparison, 19 conventional chordomas without cartilage and 29 peripheral chondrosarcomas were also stained. The 19 conventional chordomas stained in a pattern similar to the conventional chordoma components of the chondroid chordomas, whereas the 29 peripheral chondrosarcomas stained in a pattern similar to the three chondrosarcomas of the craniospinal axis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Chondroid chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas of the craniospinal axis. An immunohistochemical analysis of 17 cases. 146 93

True pulmonary carcinosarcoma (squamous cell carcinoma and chondrosarcoma) originating in the right lower lobe in a 62-year-old Japanese male is reported. The tumor, measuring 5.5 x 3.5 x 3.5 cm, was markedly necrotic and its apex protruded into the bronchial lumen. Light microscopy showed that the tumor was composed of squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatous spindle or polygonal cell proliferation and true chondrosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the cytoplasm of numerous cells of the squamous cell carcinoma component was stained with anti-cytokeratin (PKK 1) and the cytoplasmic membrane with anti-epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Although sarcomatous regions were stained with anti-vimentin (vimentin) and no tumor cells were reactive for EMA, a few tumor cells were positive for PKK 1. The cytoplasm of numerous chondrosarcoma cells was positively stained for vimentin and S-100 protein. Based on these findings, we concluded that the present tumor was a true carcinosarcoma composed of squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatous regions and true chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:True pulmonary carcinosarcoma (squamous cell carcinoma and chondrosarcoma). A case report. 146 47

This is a case report of a 69-year-old woman with sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which was diagnosed clinically as hemangioma. She was first admitted to our university hospital, complaining of general fatigue in December, 1988, and cholelithiasis and liver cirrhosis with hepatic tumor in Segment 8 were diagnosed. The serum AFP level was within normal range, and the tumor was diagnosed as hemangioma radiologically. She underwent only cholecystectomy and was well without any therapy for the liver tumor up until March in 1991 when she was readmitted to our university hospital due to rapidly progressive liver dysfunction. The size of the liver tumor was unchanged. Despite intensive care, she died of hepatic failure due to cirrhosis in a decompensation state. At autopsy, a well defined yellowish white tumor of 3 cm in maximum diameter was seen in the cirrhotic liver. Although the largest part of the tumor revealed necrosis and hyalinization, a sarcomatoid part composed of spindle-shaped cells was noted in the peripheral portion. In addition, some necrotic ghost cells, probably hepatocellular carcinoma, were also noted. Low molecular cytokeratin, which is always found in HCCs, was seen in spindle-shaped sarcomatoid cells. The liver tumor was diagnosed as sarcomatoid HCC from these pathological findings. We report this histologically unusual HCC with an immunohistochemical study.
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PMID:[Sarcomatoid liver carcinoma diagnosed clinically as hemangioma]. 147 Jul 79

Immunohistochemical techniques may aid in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated metastatic tumors. Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies have been used in the identification of epithelial neoplasms. However, recent unpublished data report CEA reactivity in malignant melanoma and melanoma cell lines. We studied 28 cases of known metastatic malignant melanoma with an antibody panel for CEA (polyclonal and monoclonal), AE1:3, S-100, and HMB-45. Reactivity for CEA (polyclonal) was seen in 15 of 28 (53%) cases: nine exhibited strong diffuse positivity, five moderate focal positivity, and one globular cytoplasmic staining. Focal reactivity for cytokeratin (AE1:3) was seen in three of 28 cases. HMB-45 staining was present in 23 of 28 (82%, including strong positivity in the cytokeratin-reactive cases). Staining for S-100 protein was strong in all cases. No staining was seen for CEA (monoclonal). CEA immunoreactivity is seen in a significant number of metastatic malignant melanoma cases. This may be due to CEA expression by tumor cells, or crossreactivity of the polyclonal antibody with substances such as nonspecific crossreacting antigen (NCA) that share antigenic sites with CEA. These findings emphasize the need for care in interpreting immunohistochemical results. Immunohistochemical evaluation of CEA should not be made alone, but only as part of a diagnostic antibody panel.
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PMID:CEA immunoreactivity in metastatic malignant melanoma. 834 88

We report a case of primary carcinoid tumor arising at the confluence of the cystic and common bile ducts. The patient was a 64-year-old woman who developed a sudden onset of biliary colic and jaundice. Computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance showed a mass lesion close to the head of the pancreas. At laparotomy a nodular lesion was found at the confluence of the cystic and common bile ducts. Microscopic observation revealed a type B-C carcinoid (Soga's classification) with positive immunoreactivity to chromogranin and cytokeratin. The presence of neurosecretory intracytoplasmic granules was demonstrated by electron microscopy. Flow cytometry showed diploid DNA content of the neoplastic cells with less than 5% of the nuclei in the S-phase region.
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PMID:Primary carcinoid tumor of the cystic and common bile ducts. 149 21

Six permanent human tumor cell lines (OV-MZ-1 to 6) were established from 6 patients with serous adenocarcinomas of the ovary. These cell lines were derived from both solid tumors and ascites, from pre-treated and untreated patients, and are available over a range of in vitro passage numbers. The tumor cells grow as monolayers and develop foci of "piled-up' cells in confluent cultures. Flow cytophotometry showed that all the lines exhibited DNA hyperdiploidy with DNA tetraploidy in one cell line and DNA aneuploidy in the other cell lines. The mean population doubling time ranged from 24 to 52 hr. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the tumor cells of all cell lines exhibited features of epithelial differentiation such as desmosomes and intracellular gland-like lumina. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that the co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin, which is a feature of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas in situ, was fully preserved in the majority of cell lines. The main cytokeratin polypeptides expressed were numbers 7, 8, 17, 18 and 19. The tumor-associated antigen CA-125, but not CEA, was shed in the culture supernatant. This was in accordance with FACScan analysis of the cell lines and the level of CA-125 and CEA in the patients' serum. The estrogen and progesterone receptors were negative both in the cell lines and in the original tumors. These new ovarian carcinoma cell lines will be valuable models for further investigations into a variety of biological properties.
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PMID:Morphological, immunohistochemical and biochemical characterization of 6 newly established human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. 150 Feb 30


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