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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As a part of a larger programme to search for the prognostic factors in cervical cancer, quantitative morphometry, demonstration of AgNORs and expression of different cytokeratin polypeptides (SK2-27, SK1, A 53-B/A2) were used to study a series of 85 cervical squamous cell carcinomas, previously analysed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The following nuclear profile parameters were calculated: nuclear area, perimeter, maximum diameter, ellipsoidity (form Ell), regularity (form Ar) and roundness (form Pe). In each case, the number of small (< 3 microns), large (> 3 microns), the total number and the ratio large/small AgNORs were registered. The cancer cell density and the lymphoid cell density were assessed. In the survival analysis, neither the expression of different cytokeratin polypeptides or the pattern of cytokeratin staining proved to be an independent variable. Similarly, none of the nuclear profile parameters analysed possessed an independent prognostic value in the survival analysis. The ratio of large/small AgNORs proved to be a significant independent prognostic predictor (p = 0.0104), second only to the lymphoid cell density. Also the total number of AgNORs was a prognostic indicator. This suggests that AgNOR size and ratio reflect tumor proliferation also in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, as shown in other human malignancies. Similarly, the density of cancer cell nuclei proved to be an independent prognostic predictor (p = 0.0601) in that the tumours in patients with longer survival showed lower density of the nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prognostic factors in invasive cervical carcinomas associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Quantitative data and cytokeratin expression. 128 Mar 56

An immunocytochemical investigation has been carried out on five cases of chordoma (2 of the sacrum, 2 in the spheno-occipital bone and 1 in the parapharyngeal area) to study the expression of the 5 classes of intermediate filaments (IF): cytokeratin (CK), desmin (DES), GFAP, neurofilaments (NF) and vimentin (VIM). Our results show that constant coexpression of CK, NF and VIM does occur in chordomas, whereas DES and GFAP are not demonstrable in tumor cells. The three detected IF are invariably present in all cell types but not in intracellular vacuoles or in the extracellular mucoid substance. The pattern of immunoreactivity of chordomas appears very unique as very few other neoplasms demonstrate the simultaneous occurrence of 3 distinct IF. Only choroid plexus tumors have been shown to manifest CK-NF-VIM immunoreactivity. The complex immunophenotype of chordomas may be related to their supposed origin from the notochord which normally undergoes conspicuous changes in location and morphology during embryonal development. Such changes might require the contemporary presence of multiple IF; IF expression, in fact, is known to be related to cell function and morphology. Notochordal cells and their neoplastic counterpart may consequently express an IF pattern which reflects unique architectural and morphological variations occurring during embryonal and tumor growth. Together with the speculative value of the detection of CK, NF and VIM in chordomas, the unusual immunocytochemical pattern of these tumors might provide useful diagnostic tool in differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Expression of intermediate filaments in chordomas. An immunocytochemical study of five cases. 128 Mar 57

Eight epithelioid sarcomas (ES) were studied by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and DNA flow cytometry. Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells showed desmosome-like intercellular junctions and numerous microvilli, in addition to whorled arrangements of intermediate filaments. Tumour cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, and vimentin, and negative for carcinoembryonic antigen and desmin. All seven cases examined by flow cytometry showed diploid or hyperploid (near diploid) DNA content. This seems to correspond to the relatively long clinical course and low-grade malignant nature of ES. Although the histogenesis of ES is still uncertain, the results of this study suggest that it is a tumour of primitive mesenchymal cells with the capacity to show epithelial differentiation.
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PMID:Epithelioid sarcoma: an electron-microscopic, immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric analysis. 128 Aug 81

The distinction between atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ in breast lesions can be difficult. The identification of myoepithelial cell layers may be helpful in establishing a diagnosis of proliferative breast disease vs. intraepithelial neoplasia. We reviewed pathologic material on 20 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 29 cases of carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical stains were employed against muscle-specific actin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin to identify myoepithelial cells and to recognize different staining patterns. In atypical hyperplasia, muscle-specific actin staining identified myoepithelial cells in fine branching fibrovascular layers or as scattered cells between other proliferating cells. This pattern was absent in carcinoma in situ. S-100 protein showed more positive staining in atypical hyperplasia than in carcinoma in situ with patterns distinct from muscle-specific actin. Immunostaining for cytokeratin demonstrated distinctly different patterns between the two lesions. This study suggests that muscle-specific actin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin in combination may assist in distinguishing proliferative breast disease with atypia from carcinoma in situ.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical differentiation of atypical hyperplasia vs. carcinoma in situ of the breast. 128 Oct 40

Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid is a rare malignant tumor. Immunohistochemical studies can be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of this tumor. We encountered a case of Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid and conducted an immunohistochemical analysis for clarification of its cell properties. The patient in this study was a 78-year-old man who noted a small mass on his right upper eyelid, which was subsequently removed. However, the lesion recurred and progressively enlarged. The results of a biopsy indicated the possibility of a highly malignant tumor. The lesion was removed by orbital exenteration. Merkel cell carcinoma was finally diagnosed by using light and electron microscopy. In immunohistochemical studies, the tumor cells showed both neuron-specific enolase and cytokeratin. Most of the cells were also labeled with antibodies against the protein gene product 9.5, endocrine granule constituent and chromogranin A. However, no neuropeptides were labeled. The properties of the tumor cells appeared virtually the same as those of normal human Merkel cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical studies of Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid. 128 12

An adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasm was detected incidentally in a 58-year-old man. The tumour weighted 315 g, showing haemorrhagic areas and broad fibrous bands. It was composed exclusively of large eosinophilic cells packed with mitochondria showing flat and infrequent tubulovesicular cristae and regression of steroid-related organelles. Occasional annulate lamellae and mitochondrial osmiophilic inclusions were present. Vimentin was diffusely expressed, whereas AE1/AE3 cytokeratin was detected in half of the cells; a focal punctate pattern of staining was exclusively observed for cytokeratin peptides 8 and 18. The patient had no evidence of disease 21 months after surgery.
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PMID:Adrenocortical oncocytoma: case report with immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. 128 94

Among the members of the cytokeratin (CK) subfamily of intermediate filament (IF) proteins, CK 17 is remarkable as it is normally expressed in the basal cells of complex epithelia but not in stratified or simple epithelia. Because of its unusual expression pattern in normal and diseased states and because of the potential importance of CK 17 in tumor diagnosis, we have characterized the gene(s) and its cDNA-derived amino acid sequence. A cDNA clone encoding CK 17 was isolated from a HeLa cDNA library and used for the determination of the amino acid sequence, for studies of expression and for the screening of human genomic libraries. A number of lambda phage clones were isolated that covered three distinct, non-contiguous gene regions. Only one of these loci contains the functional CK 17 gene which is located only approximately 5 kbp 5'-upstream of the CK 16 gene, whereas the other two contain unprocessed CK 17 pseudogenes. Each of these genes is part of a larger CK type I gene locus the arrangement of which suggests that these genes and pseudogenes have arisen during evolution by duplication events comprising whole multigene loci. The functional CK 17 gene differs from the pseudogenes by the extent of methylation of certain DNA sequences in the 5'-upstream region. The 5 kbp CK 17 gene with 8 exons and 7 introns encodes a polypeptide of 432 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 48,000. Using S1-nuclease protection assays and RNAs from several cell lines we identified a single transcriptional start point 26 nucleotides down-stream from a TATA box element. Northern blot hybridization experiments showed a restricted pattern of CK 17 gene expression, supporting the notion that CK 17 synthesis is essentially regulated at the transcriptional level. From these findings and from immunohistological observations, CK 17 synthesis seems to be a marker of basal cell differentiation in complex epithelia and therefore indicative of a certain type of epithelial "stem cells".
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PMID:Characterization of the human gene encoding cytokeratin 17 and its expression pattern. 128 71

The cytokeratin expression of seborrheic keratosis was studied by means of immunohistochemistry and compared with that of normal human skin. The following findings were obtained in seborrheic keratosis: (1) a partial lack of high molecular weight cytokeratin (#1/68 kD, #10/56.6 kD) in all ten cases examined; (2) the detection of cytokeratin typical for simple epithelia (#8/52.5 kD, #18/45 kD, #19/40 kD) in eight of ten cases; and (3) the detection of cytokeratin #5/58 kD in suprabasal cells in 5 of 10 cases. An immunoelectron-microscopic investigation, using an anti-keratin antibody against cytokeratin #19/40 kD, revealed a whirl-like arrangement of keratin filaments within immunoreactive cells, in contrast to a linear, parallel arrangement in non-immunoreactive cells. Cells known to express cytokeratin typical for simple epithelia, such as sweat gland cells or Merkel cells, were not observed. The altered cytokeratin gene-expression in seborrheic keratosis may be attributable to de-differentiation of tumor cells or potential re-differentiation towards embryonic keratinocytes.
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PMID:Simple epithelial cytokeratin-expression in seborrheic keratosis. 128 37

Twenty cases of papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas were studied (19 female patients, one male patient; median age, 19.5 years). Most tumors developed in the head or body of the pancreas as well-circumscribed, large masses. Gross examination showed that they were solid, cystic, and hemorrhagic. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy anticipated the diagnosis in four cases. Histologic examination showed that uniform cells formed solid sheets, and loss of cohesion produced pseudopapillae. Hemorrhage, foam cells, cholesterol granulomas, and entrapped nests of pancreatic parenchyma were often found. Fifteen cases studied immunohistochemically were reactive for vimentin and alpha-1-antitrypsin, 13 expressed neuron-specific enolase, 2 expressed cytokeratin, and 1 expressed S-100 protein. None were reactive for pancreatic hormones, opioid peptides, hormonal receptors, or neuroendocrine markers. Electron microscopic examination in five cases showed oval nuclei, moderate amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and many mitochondria; it also showed that annulate lamellae were common. No diagnostic secretory granules were found. DNA study in nine cases revealed a diploid GO/1 peak in eight and hyperdiploid (diploid index = 1.1) DNA content in one case. Fourteen patients with follow-up were free of disease (mean, 2.6 years). Papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas possibly originates from primordial pancreatic cells and lacks definite evidence of endocrine or exocrine differentiation.
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PMID:Papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases with cytologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric observations, and a review of the literature. 148 1

Pathologic findings and immunohistochemical characterizations of 18 cases of uterine sarcomas were studied. In endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), 5 out of 10 cases had ovarian sex cord-like pattern and 4 out of 10 cases had smooth muscle differentiation. Immunohistochemical findings showed vimentin, desmin and cytokeratin positive in 9/10, 6/10, 2/10 cases respectively which reflects that ESS may differentiate into both epithelium and muscle components morphologically. In malignant mixed Mullerian tumors (MMT), its carcinomatous structure may be positive about vimentin, and its sarcomatous structure may be positive to the epithelium markers, which indicates that both the sarcoma and carcinoma structures have possibly a common origin. It is considered to be of value for the diagnosis of MMT, if the tumor has differentiated both epithelium and mesoderm components or to be positive to myoglobin, NSE* in immunoreaction, accompanying with the morphologic characterizations of the tumor.
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PMID:[Sarcomas of the uterus: immunohistochemical characterization and diagnosis]. 128 88


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