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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumour markers have proved to be important in certain types of gynaecological cancer. The treatment of chorionic cancer is largely based on changes in the serum levels of human choriogonadotropin (hCG). There are no other markers of equal utility, but some new markers for ovarian cancer show promise of becoming clinically important in the follow-up of patients. Assay of CA 125 has become a routine method in the follow-up of nonmucinous ovarian cancer, and tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) shows promise of being useful for mucinous ovarian cancer. In the rare ovarian embryonal tumours hCG and alphafetoprotein (AFP) are often useful. For other types of gynaecological cancer, there are no equally useful markers, but CA 125 is relatively useful in endometrial cancer and SCC (squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen) in cervical cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is occasionally useful in ovarian and cervical cancer.
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PMID:Clinical use of gynaecologic tumour markers. 254 31

The usefulness of tumor markers in serodiagnosis of cancer designed to detect ovarian cancer at an early stage was evaluated from the point of view of their diagnostic value. Namely, eight tumor markers, CA125, SLX, CA72-4, TPA, Fr, CEA, CA19-9, and SCC, were determined and studied to find the combination that would yield the optimal diagnostic value. For this purpose, the diagnostic value was calculated from sensitivity x specificity. As a single tumor marker CA125 proved optimal with a diagnostic value of 0.50. The higher value, 0.53, was obtained as the diagnostic value from the combination of two tumor markers, CA125 and CA72-4. When three tumor markers were combined, CA125, CA72-4 and SLX gave an optimal diagnostic value of 0.65. In the combination of four tumor markers, CA125, CA72-4, SLX and CA19-9 gave a diagnostic value of 0.63. In the five marker combination CA125, CA72-4, SLX, CA19-9 and TPA worked well and had a diagnostic value of 0.59. When the markers were increased to six types, CA125, CA72-4, SLX, CA19-9, TPA and Fr provided a combination with 0.53 as the diagnostic value. In the seven marker combination CA125, CA72-4, SLX, CA19-9, TPA, Fr and CEA gave a diagnostic value of 0.51. The efficiency declined to 0.51 when eight tumor markers were combined. When cost performance in the measurement of tumor markers for early detection of ovarian cancer is taken into account, a dilemma arises in that the increase in the number of tumor markers used is accompanied by higher sensitivity and lower specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of serological tumor marker tests in patients with ovarian cancer]. 257 40

A human skin tumor cell line SCC-1CB has been established in vitro. A specimen from a surgically excised tumor with moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of skin from a Japanese male, aged 62, was transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. After growth, a part of the tumor was passaged with a transplantation needle. At the fourth passage, part of the tumor was explanted into culture dishes. Cell cultures were maintained in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. A SCC cell line (SCC-1CB) was cloned and then established. Chromosome analysis revealed the human type with a mode number of 56. The cell line is tumorigenic in nude mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that keratin, cytokeratin and vimentin were positive and desmin was negative. It can be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. It has successfully maintained proliferation in continuous cell culture for over 2.5 years. The cells retain their original morphological appearance as determined by light and electron microscopy.
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PMID:[Establishment of a human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-1CB) in vitro and its characteristics]. 258 77

This study was carried out to evaluate whether the preoperative levels of serum glycoproteins (CEA, SCC, TPA, IAP, ACT, ASP and sialic acid) and HLA antigens (class I and II) could be potential aids in the selection of suitable gastric and esophageal cancer patients for postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy of PSK. Gastric cancer patients underwent gastrectomy and received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (MMC, FT and ADR) with or without PSK. One hundred and forty esophageal cancer patients in cooperative study groups (organizing chairman; Dr. Hiroshi Satoh) underwent esophagectomy and received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (FT, BLM) with or without PSK. The efficacy of PSK was recognized in the patients with normal levels of all glycoproteins in gastric cancer, and with normal levels of CEA or SCC or TPA and abnormal levels of one or more APRs in both gastric and esophageal cancer, and with positive HLA-B40 antigen. The combination of tumor-associated factors, such as CEA, SCC and TPA and various non-specific reactants such as APRs was useful as a prognostic indicator. In addition, some of HLA antigens were also valuable. The pretreatment levels of glycoproteins and HLA antigens have potential aids in the selection of patients with gastric and esophageal cancer for PSK treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of PSK on esophageal and gastric cancer patients and usefulness of serum levels of glycoproteins and HLA antigens as prognostic indicators]. 258 37

A case of retrovesical squamous cell carcinoma associated with acquired toxoplasmosis is presented. To date only six cases with retrovesical carcinoma have been reported in the literature. Although it is difficult to make a preoperative diagnosis of this rare neoplasm, transrectal longitudinal ultrasonography was diagnostically valuable, and serial measurements of serum squamous cell antigen (SCC-Ag) were useful for monitoring the clinical course.
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PMID:Retrovesical squamous cell carcinoma associated with toxoplasmosis: diagnostic images, serum detection of SCC-antigen, and successful treatment by M-VAC regimen. 264 69

Expression of the H-ras oncogene was examined in 5 SCC of the oral cavity. The presence of oncogene mRNA was detected and localized in the tumor tissue by in situ hybridization. Tumor tissues were also examined for the presence of the oncogene product, p21, by immunohistochemical techniques. H-ras mRNA and p21 were detected in all 5 tumors in cells that were also positive for both keratin mRNA and keratin protein. The distribution of the mRNA was not uniform throughout the tumor tissue. Distinct spatial localizations of the H-ras mRNA were present in regions of the tumors with both higher proliferative and invasive potential. The results suggest that the distribution of the oncogene mRNA may be related to the pattern of development and progression of oral SCC.
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PMID:Localization of H-ras mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas. 266 34

Tumour markers are often circulating tumour-associated indicators of tumour development. As such they are not suitable for tumour screening and localization, but valuable as adjuncts for medical follow-up care of tumour patients, where their serum level alterations may anticipate the clinical detection of tumour behaviour by a lead time of 1 to 6 months before other methods. The following tumour may be controlled by established markers: endocrine tumours by NSE, calcitonin, parathormone, 5-HIAA, catecholamines/metabolites etc.; head-neck tumours: SCC, CEA; thyroid carcinoma: TG, calcitonin; lung cancer: CEA, NSE, SCC; liver cancer: AFP (PLC), CA 19-9 (cholangiocell.), CEA (secondary): biliary tract and pancreatic cancer: CA 19-9; colorectal carcinoma: CEA, CA 19-9; squamous cell carcinoma (ENT, oesophagus, anal): SCC; breast cancer: CEA and CA 15-3; ovarian cancer: CA 125 (epithelial), CA 19-9 (mucinous); germ cell tumours (ovary including trophoblastic tumours/testes): AFP and HCG; prostatic cancer: PAP and PSA; bladder cancer: TPA.
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PMID:[Clinical relevance of tumor markers]. 267 6

Human peripheral blood monocytes maintained in culture for 18 h were examined for killing of normal human keratinocytes and squamous carcinoma cells. Keratinocytes grown under conditions which maintain the undifferentiated state were highly sensitive to killing but these cells became resistant to killing after induction of differentiation. A line of squamous carcinoma cells obtained from an undifferentiated tumor (designated as UM-SCC-11B) was sensitive to killing while a second line obtained from a more well-differentiated tumor (designated as UM-SCC-22B) was resistant. Several observations suggested that interaction of monocytes with the squamous epithelial cells was mediated, in part, through thrombospondin (TSP). Monocytes synthesized TSP and were positive by immunofluorescence for surface TSP. The normal and malignant squamous epithelial cells also expressed surface TSP as well as unoccupied TSP receptors and our previous studies have shown that both TSP and its receptor are much more prominently displayed on the undifferentiated cells than on the differentiated cells. A series of anti-TSP monoclonal antibodies inhibited killing. These included an antibody directed against the Mr 25,000 NH2-terminal region of the molecule which has heparin-binding activity and three antibodies the epitopes of which lie within the Mr 140,000 non-heparin-binding fragment of TSP. High concentrations of exogenously added TSP as well as the recombinant form of the heparin-binding domain from the TSP molecule also partially inhibited killing while laminin and fibronectin were ineffective. Taken together, these data suggest that TSP and TSP receptors on monocytes and squamous epithelial cells play a role in monocyte-mediated killing of the squamous epithelial cells.
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PMID:Monocyte killing of human squamous epithelial cells: role for thrombospondin. 267 56

Various tumor markers and enzymes in the pleural effusion and serum have been measured in 47 patients with carcinoma and in 43 patients with benign disease, by means of a radioimmunoassay and biochemical methods. CEA in the pleural effusion showed a high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of the malignancy. In patients with a lung cancer, measurement of the NSE in the serum was more useful than in the pleural effusion. Further, both CA19-9 and SCC in the pleural effusion showed a high specificity in a differential diagnosis of cancer and benign diseases. On the other hand, CA 125, TPA and IAP in the pleural effusion and in the serum showed a high sensitivity, but a low specificity for diagnosing the malignancy. The levels of ADA were significantly higher in tuberculous pleural effusions than in carcinomatous effusions. Therefore, this suggests that measurement of the various tumor markers in both the pleural effusion and in the serum is useful in achieving a differential diagnosis of malignant and benign diseases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of various tumor markers in pleural effusion and in the serum]. 276 51

IUdR, a thymidine analogue, increased the radiosensitivity of SCC VII tumor cells. A decrease in Dq value of cell survival curve was more prominent compared with that in D0 value. However, in experimental liver tumors made by transplanting SCC VII tumors, the decrease in D0 value was apparent. Proportion of IUdR incorporated tumor cells in the liver increased with an increase in number of IUdR injections, and reached 52% after five administrations of the drug at an interval of twelve hours. However, few hepatocytes incorporated IUdR. The response of hepatocytes to radiation was evaluated by micronucleus appearance frequency. To accelerate the appearance of micronucleus in hepatocytes, partial hepatectomy was performed immediately after irradiations. No differences in micronucleus frequency were observed between the treated and untreated with IUdR.
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PMID:Combined effects of radiation and IUdR on experimental liver tumors and hepatocytes. 279 31


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