Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relative effectiveness of local irradiation alone or combined with Corynebacterium parvum (C parvum) treatment has been investigated employing four tumors: a mammary carcinoma (MCa) (nonimmunogenic), a fibrosarcoma (moderately strongly immunogenic), and two squamous cell carcinomas (SCC-2 being weakly and SCC-4 being very weakly or nonimmunogenic). C parvum treatment was started when the isotransplanted tumor growing in the mouse leg was 5 mm in diameter and the local irradiation was administered to 8-mm diameter tumor. Effect of the combined treatment was barely evident with the MCa but strongly present in FSa; up to 60% of mice were cured of FSa by C parvum alone and the response to low radiation dose, e.g., 200 rads, was highly increased. For SCC-2 the TCD50 was approximately 7000 rads and 3000 rads in control and test mice, respectively. Comparable values for SCC-4 were 7700 and approximately 5500 rads. Importantly, for SCC-4 there was a large and highly significant reduction in the proportion of mice that died of metastases to lung but were free of evident tumor at the primary site.
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PMID:Radiation therapy and Corynebacterium parvum in the treatment of murine tumors. 94 76

The immunobiology of skin cancer was studied with thymus-dependent lymphocyte (T cell) levels (an in vitro measure of cellular immunity), with lymphocytic infiltration (LI) of the tumor (an in vivo measure of host-tumor relationship), and with HL-A typing (a genetic measure of histocompatibility). The T cell levels in preoperative patients with squamous (SCC) and basal (BCC) cell carcinoma were significantly lower than in the non-cancer control population (normals). The T cell levels were significantly lower in patients with large tumors than in those with small tumors. The T cell levels remained significantly low in patients cured of large tumors, but were normal in those cured of small tumors. Patients with Bowen's disease not only had T cell levels significantly lower than normal (as a group), but there was also a significant increase in the number of patients who had T cell levels less than two standard deviations below the normal mean. This may signify that they have a greater risk of developing a second kind of malignancy elsewhere. There was a direct correlation between the degree of lymphocytic infiltration (LI) of the tumor, the tumor size, and the T cell level. Small, well-localized tumors had a marked LI and high T cell levels--while the large, deeply invasive tumors had a minimal, or absent, LI and low T cell levels. The presence of HL-A antigens 1 and 8 correlated both with a tendency toward large tumors and with low T cell levels. This may represent the association of a human immune response gene with the human histocompatibility locus. Possibilities for the application of these findings in the clinical management of skin cancer are discussed.
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PMID:The immunobiology of skin cancer. 107 93

Cervical cancer is a predomiannt gynecologic neoplasia in Taiwan. The associations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) for detection of cervical cancers with type of cancer, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis were studied. Serum samples were collected from 395 patients with cervical cancers (61 CIN3, 334 squamous cell carcinoma, 18 adenocarcinoma), 72 patients with benign gynecologic diseases and 115 healthy controls. The sensitivities of CEA, TPA, and SCC-Ag were 15.2%, 33.6%, and 49.3%. The specificities were 89.3%, 96.2%, and 95.1%, respectively. The positive rate of CEA was found significantly higher among patients with adenocarcinoma than those with squamous cell carcinoma. The positive rate of CEA and SCC-Ag increased with advance of the clinical stages. There was no significant difference in the rate of each tumor marker between patients with lymph node metastasis and those without metastasis. The positive rate obtained by SCC-Ag alone was comparable to those by the combinations of two or three antigens. The result of the present study indicates that SCC-Ag is the most useful tumor marker in the detection of cervical cancers.
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PMID:Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen in the detection of cervical cancers. 132 91

Biochemical Markers (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, ferritin, transferrin) and tumor associated markers (TPA, CEA, SCC-antigen) are described. Concerning the screening of oral carcinoma, the use of tumor markers is to be considered with criticism. The SCC-antigen seems to be the most useful for detection of recurrence in the follow-up. But no tumor marker can replace exact physical and ultrasound examinations.
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PMID:[The value of "tumor markers" in the therapy and aftercare of carcinoma of the oral mucosa]. 133 90

A 38-year-old man was admitted with persistent productive cough and right anterior chest pain. Chest X-ray showed two large masses connected with each other, one in the right lung field and the other in the anterior mediastinum. A tentative diagnosis of either lung abscess or bronchogenic carcinoma was initially made, because of elevated serum tumor markers (SLX and SCC) and persisting refractory inflammatory sings. However, open chest drainage revealed a few fine hairs and atheromatous materials within the masses, and the diagnosis of teratoma was made. We removed these masses, and investigated the reason for the elevation of tumor markers. Staining with SLX monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the pancreatic tissue in the masses contained SLX. Although this is the first reported case of teratoma producing tumor marker (SLX), it is highly possible that tumor markers may be elevated in the majority of patients with teratoma because of the genesis of this tumor.
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PMID:[A case of mediastinal teratoma--differentiation from lung abscess and bronchogenic carcinoma]. 135 Nov 10

A tumor-associated antigen detected by monoclonal antibody UM-A9 raised against a cultured cell line from a patient with an aggressive SCC of the oral cavity has been defined. The A9 antigen is abnormally expressed in squamous cancers, with loss of basal polarization and increased intensity of expression distinguishing malignant from normal cells. A minority of cultured SCC cell lines and about one third of fresh tumors exhibit polarized A9 expression. The increased intensity and loss of polarized expression of A9 antigen in recurrent and metastatic tumor cell lines when compared with primary or early tumor cell lines from the same patients indicated an association of altered expression with tumor progression. When A9 expression was evaluated in frozen tumor sections, three patterns of expression representing increasing intensity and loss of polarization were observed. Patients whose tumors exhibited the most intense A9 antigen expression had a higher rate of early relapse than patients whose tumors exhibited low intensity and polar expression. Loss of blood group antigen expression was also associated with poor prognosis, and together high A9 antigen expression and loss of blood group defined a group of patients at high risk of early relapse. The A9 antigen is immunologically and biochemically identical to the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin. The association of high expression of the A9/alpha 6 beta 4 integrin as a prognostic factor is supported by similar findings with a mouse model system. The mouse tumor-associated antigen, TSP-180, which is also an alpha 6 beta 4 integrin, distinguishes highly metastatic tumor cells from nonmetastatic variants of the same tumor line. In SCC, the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin contributes to attachment to laminin since anti-alpha 6 subunit specific antibody blocks cell attachment and only the beta 4 subunit is found in association with the alpha 6 subunit in these cells. Similar findings were obtained in colon carcinomas. Antibodies and peptides that block laminin attachment may lead to the development of antimetastatic agents for squamous carcinomas. The beta 4 subunit is unique from other integrins in that it has an unusually long cytoplasmic domain, the function of which is not known. The beta 4 subunit is heavily phosphorylated under conditions that favor anchoring and terminal differentiation in normal keratinocytes. Paradoxically the beta 4 subunit is also heavily phosphorylated in tumor cells, which are highly migratory and immortalized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Overexpression of the A9 antigen/alpha 6 beta 4 integrin in head and neck cancer. 138 8

CEA was initially described as a tumor and organ specific colorectal antigen, but later found by more sensitive methods in other tumors (stomach, pancreas, lung, breast) and in minor amounts in inflammatory, normal adult and fetal organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The main clinical application of CEA concerns its pretherapeutic and serial determination as circulating antigen in serum and other body fluids by means of CEA-specific, commercially available test kits. By clinical studies a significant correlation has been proven between the pretherapeutic serum CEA level and tumor stages and prognosis. Moreover, serial CEA level changes have been shown a valuable monitor following operation or during radio/chemotherapy anticipating and reflecting the clinical course of disease. In combination with newly established tumor markers, the main clinical indication for CEA determination in addition to colorectal cancer concerns monitoring of patients with stomach (+CA 72-4), lung (+NSE/SCC) and breast cancer (+CA 15-3/MCA).
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PMID:CEA determination in the follow-up of extracolorectal neoplasms. 143 41

Except for two neoplasms, notably SCC and sarcoid, ocular and periocular tumors are uncommon in horses. The practitioner must accurately determine the type of tumor by histopathology so appropriate treatment and a legitimate prognosis can be offered. The first attempt at treatment has the greatest chance to result in a cure; an aggressive treatment regimen therefore should be selected from the start.
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PMID:Ocular neoplasia. 145 32

Hydralazine (Hyd) is a vaso-active drug that significantly affects the nature of blood flow in tumors. As a result, Hyd reduces blood flow and oxygen tension in tumors, causing an increase in the toxic effect of hyperthermia treatment. We investigated enhancement of the anti-tumor effect of hyperthermia by Hyd on SCC-VII tumors in C3H mice. Hyd was administered by intraperitoneal injection, and tumors were heated by water bath. We measured the tumor temperature in animals receiving Hyd by thermocouple. We found no significant change in tumor temperature with Hyd treatment. The effect of Hyd (2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg) on tumors was evaluated in terms of a growth delay value at which tumor volume reached four-fold. The growth delay values obtained were 6.25 +/- 0.82, 7.14 +/- 0.90, 8.50 +/- 0.98, 9.72 +/- 0.92, and 9.84 +/- 1.3 days for: hyperthermia alone, Hyd of 1.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. This effect was independent of the time course of administration of Hyd. These results indicate that Hyd can increase the therapeutic efficacy of hyperthermia treatment. Changes in the microenvironment, such as low pH and tumor hypoxia, induced by arterial embolization may have increased the sensitivity of tumors to heat.
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PMID:[Hydralazine-induced enhancement of hyperthermia treatment in vivo]. 146 39

The expression of gangliosides in non-malignant tissues (epidermis and pigmented nevus) and neoplastic lesions (melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] and basal cell carcinoma [BCS]) of the human skin was analyzed immunohistochemically and biochemically to characterize the features associated with malignancy. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-II3NeuAc-LacCer (GM3) monoclonal antibody (M2590 mAb) and an anti-II3(NeuAc)2-LacCer (GD3) mAb (R24) showed the expression of the gangliosides GM3 and GD3 to vary among the different tissues. M2590 clearly stained epidermal keratinocytes and the tumor cells of BCC and SCC, and strongly stained melanocytes and melanoma cells. In contrast, R24 did not stain epidermal keratinocytes and only faintly stained SCC cells, while it clearly stained BCC cells, and intensely stained melanocytes and melanoma cells. GM3 showed a similar level of staining among the tissue specimens, while the level of GD3 staining was quite variable among the tumor specimens. Biochemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with resorcinol staining and TLC immunostaining with either M2590 or R24 showed both GM3 and GD3 to be commonly expressed by both the normal and malignant skin tissues, including SCC. There was no close correlation between the intensity of immunohistochemical staining and the biochemically detected amounts of these gangliosides. This may have been partly due to the so-called cryptic expression of cell membrane gangliosides. Our results thus suggest that analysis of the tumor-associated expression of gangliosides requires several methods, since the sensitivity of the methods used may have a considerable effect on the diagnostic value of gangliosides as skin cancer markers.
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PMID:Common phenotypic expression of gangliosides GM3 and GD3 in normal human tissues and neoplastic skin lesions. 146 93


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