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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 50-year-old woman presented with a skin tumor on her right calf. The tumor had been noticed 20 years previously and grew to more than 60 mm in diameter. The histological findings were characterized by numerous bland xanthomatous histiocytes and a few atypical giant cells with pyknotic nuclei, although mitotic figures were few. These findings led to the diagnosis of dermatofibroma with unusual xanthomatous expression. Immunohistochemical studies using several markers for histiocytes (lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and anti-CD68 antibody), anti-factor-XIIIa antibody and anti-CD34 antibody supported the diagnosis.
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PMID:Giant xanthomatous dermatofibroma--a case distinguished histologically and immunohistochemically from invasive fibrohistiocytic tumors. 789 2

The plant lectin, soybean agglutinin (SBA), has been widely used to separate heterogeneous populations of cells. In the field of bone marrow transplantation, SBA has been used for partial depletion of T cells from bone marrow allografts to reduce graft-vs.-host disease. SBA's high affinity for many different tumor cells has also indicated its use as a tumor purging agent for autologous bone marrow transplants. We have compared two methods of cell separation using either soluble SBA agglutination, or SBA covalently attached to an activated polystyrene surface. The nonbinding SBA-cell populations generated by these two procedures were very similar in terms of cell recovery, light scatter properties, and phenotypic profile. Notably, both SBA- fractions were enriched in cells with the known progenitor markers, CD34, CD33, and HLA-DR, and were relatively depleted of SBA binding cells. In addition, the activity of each SBA- cell population was measured in vitro in short-term progenitor assays. Here, both SBA- populations were significantly enriched for CFU-GM. When device-separated SBA- cell populations were seeded into long-term bone marrow culture, they produced both increased progenitor activity and cell proliferation compared to unseparated BMMCs. The polystyrene technology described here could reduce or eliminate many of the drawbacks of soluble SBA agglutination, making SBA cell separation a viable and convenient technique for clinical application.
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PMID:Separation of lectin-binding cells using polystyrene culture devices with covalently immobilized soybean agglutinin. 792 7

The prevention of graft-versus-host disease by T-lymphocyte depletion of allografts prior to bone marrow transplantation has resulted in an increase in graft failure/rejection and relapse of disease. Evidence for the selective roles of specific T-lymphocyte subsets in each of the engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and disease relapse processes has been presented, but sufficient clinical verification to support any hypothesis in this regard is lacking. In this paper we describe a convenient and highly flexible clinical laboratory method for depletion of specific T-lymphocytes in controllable quantities by the use of select monoclonal antibodies. Almost 3 log10 removal of CD2+ and CD8+ cells without significant loss of hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CD34+ cells) can be reproducibly achieved. This method, employing soybean agglutination and immunomagnetic beads, is potentially adaptable to depletion of any cell subset or any tumor cell for which unique cell-surface antigen characteristics have been defined. In addition, our protocol is equally suited to the positive selection of stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors bearing the CD34 surface antigen.
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PMID:The combined use of soybean agglutinin and immunomagnetic beads for T lymphocyte subset depletion of bone marrow allografts: a laboratory analysis. 792 14

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EH) is a vascular neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential. We report a 22-yr-old female with a primary malignant EH of the iliac bone with adjacent soft tissue involvement which, during its metastatic course, presented as a pleural effusion. The effusion was cellular with tumor cells present both singly and in clusters. Distinguishing cytologic features included cytoplasmic vacuolization consistent with primitive intracytoplasmic lumen formation, variability in cell size, biphasic cytoplasmic staining with Diff-Quik stain, multinucleation, cell in cell engulfment, and multiple prominent nucleoli. Differential diagnosis based on morphology included malignant mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. Immunocytochemical stains on the neoplastic cells were positive for Ulex Europaeus, Factor VIII-related antigen, and CD34, reflecting vascular differentiation and confirming the diagnosis of metastatic EH to the pleural cavity.
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PMID:Metastatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in a pleural effusion: diagnosis by cytology. 896 80

The majority of cutaneous angiosarcomas display typical architectural features of irregular anastomosing vascular channels in the dermis and subcutis. Nuclei are usually hyperchromatic and pleomorphic but the volume of cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells is often small. Diagnosis can be made readily on an adequate biopsy. We recently experienced difficulty diagnosing an angiosarcoma composed predominantly of cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. We were able to compare the present case with sections obtained from the only other reported example. The architectural expression of an anastomosing vascular pattern in areas of tumor, combined with the positive staining for Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA1) enabled us to make a diagnosis of angiosarcoma. The tumor failed to stain for the other endothelial markers (CD31 and CD34) which were positive in the original case. A marker for lysosomes (CD68) stained the granules in both cases. The granular cell variant of cutaneous angiosarcoma is very rare. Diagnosis is possible by recognizing the typical anastomosing neoplastic vascular channels at the periphery of the lesion, and by use of a combination of lectin (UEA1) and immunohistochemical (FVIIIRAg, CD34 and CD31) endothelial markers.
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PMID:Cutaneous granular cell angiosarcoma. 796 28

A study of the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features of 20 cases of deep penetrating dermatofibroma (DPDF) and eight cases with 14 specimens (eight primary, one reexcision, five secondary tumors) of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) showed distinct entities. Clinically, DPDF usually appeared as a nodule (approximately 2 cm) of the (lower) limbs, whereas DFSP affected the trunk (shoulder) with irregularly arranged plaques or nodules (> 5 cm). Histologically, DPDF showed a regular silhouette with a smooth, nodular (four of 20) or scalloped (16 of 20) lower margin and variable sclerosis (nine of 20); DFSP, irregularly infiltrated fatty tissue in a lacelike/honeycomb (eight of 14), multilayered (three of 14), or mixed pattern (three of 14), but without sclerosis. Immunohistochemically, DPDF was mostly negative with QBEnd 10 (CD34; 18 of 20) but positive for factor XIIIa (17 of 20), actin (HHF35; 10 of 20), and metallothionein (MT; 12 of 20). DFSP was positive for CD34 (13 of 14), yet with some sparing of central tumor parts, highly cellular tumor nodules, and myxoid areas; factor XIIIa and MT were consistently negative, as was HHF35 in 11 of 14 cases. In a multivariate analysis of histologic and immunohistochemical criteria, the combination of sclerosis and labeling with MT was most valid (p = 0.0001) for diagnosis: all DPDF showed either labeling with MT in "early" (metabolically active) lesions or sclerosis in "late" lesions, not present in DFSP.
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PMID:Deep penetrating dermatofibroma versus dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. A clinicopathologic comparison. 801 62

Cell lineage and cell function antigens were studied immunohistochemically in human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral Kaposi's sarcoma to provide insight into tumor pathogenesis. All tumors were composed predominantly of spindle cells that expressed endothelium-associated antigens, CD34 and CD36 (factor VIII-related antigen was expressed by considerably fewer numbers of tumor cells). Infrequently, spindle tumor cells also expressed actin. Factor XIIIa positive spindle and dendritic stromal cells comprised up to 9% of the tumor cell population. Other spindle and dendritic cells expressing macrophage-associated antigen, CD68, accounted for up to 15% of the tumor cells. Mast cells occurred frequently within and around tumors. Leukocyte function antigen (CD18) was expressed by approximately 13% of tumor cells, and its ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), was expressed by some tumor-associated capillaries (which also expressed endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule, ELAM) and occasional stromal cells. Staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen was noted in both interstitial and vascular lining cells. All tumors were non-reactive for human Papillomavirus antigen and HIV p24 antigen. Oral KS is a heterogeneous cellular proliferation composed predominantly of endothelial or endothelium-related spindle cells. Other spindle/dendritic (XIIIa-positive and CD68-positive) cells and mast cells are also present and may contribute to tumor development. ICAM and ELAM expression within tumors may assist infiltration of macrophages and other inflammatory cells into these lesions.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-associated oral Kaposi's sarcoma. A heterogeneous cell population dominated by spindle-shaped endothelial cells. 810 Apr

The use of retroviral-mediated gene transfer to introduce a DNA label into T cells (TIL) being used in the immunotherapy of patients with malignant melanoma finally opened the door to the clinical application of gene therapy for a wide variety of inherited and acquired diseases. The gene therapy trial for ADA deficiency SCID has demonstrated that long term stable expression of exogenous genes can be achieved in human T lymphocytes using retroviral vectors for ex vivo treatment and that significant immune reconstitution can be achieved in these patients following periodic infusions with ADA gene-corrected autologous T cells. Newer clinical applications include the insertion of genes into CD34 enriched stem cell populations, the testing of autologous tumor vaccines employing cytokine gene-modified tumor cells and the direct transfer of the herpes thymidine kinase gene into brain tumors in situ in order to render those tumors sensitive to treatment with the ordinarily non-cytotoxic drug ganciclovir.
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PMID:Strategies for gene therapy. 829 Mar 10

We report the clinical and pathological features of nine distinctive, but relatively unknown, vascular tumors of infancy and childhood presenting as soft tissue masses often associated with locally aggressive disease, lymphangiomatosis and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. The patients, four males and five females, were all in their first decade of life except for two (median, 2 years; range, 5 months to 19 years). These tumors involved deep soft tissues of the upper extremity (four cases), retroperitoneum (two cases), chest wall, scalp, and neck (one case each). Four patients also had Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, and three patients had lymphangiomatosis. Lymphangiomatosis consisted of diffusely infiltrating lymphangioma of soft tissue (three cases) and in two by the additional presence of bone lesions. In one of these three cases, lymphangiomatosis antedated the diagnosis of the vascular tumor, and in the remainder they were concurrently diagnosed. Tumors were characterized by infiltrating, interconnecting sheets or irregular nodules of slender endothelial cells lining crescentic or slit-like vessels and, less commonly, rounded capillary-type vessels. Within some tumors, nests of epithelioid endothelial cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm containing finely granular hemosiderin, hyaline droplets, and cytoplasmic vacuoles were identified. Smaller amounts of hemosiderin were observed within the spindled endothelial cells and microthrombi could be seen occasionally within the tiny lumina. Nuclear atypia was minimal within these tumors and mitotic figures were infrequent, averaging 2 to 3/10 high-power fields (HPF) (range 0-7/10 HPF). Larger, well-formed feeding vessels were present at the periphery of the tumor. The endothelium of these vessels expressed factor VIII-AG, CD34, and bound Ulex europaeus, and contained an occasional perithelial cell expressing muscle-specific actin. In contrast, the spindled tumor cells expressed only CD34. Human papilloma virus (HPV)-16-like DNA transcripts, which have been identified in cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, were not detected by polymerase chain reaction in two cases. Follow-up information revealed that four patients were alive without disease after wide excision, multiple excision(s), or amputation (one case); three were alive with disease; and two died, one from lymphangiomatosis with respiratory compromise and the other from hemorrhage complicating Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. It appears that treatment should consist of wide local excision and supportive therapy for associated symptoms.
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PMID:Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma of infancy and childhood. An aggressive neoplasm associated with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome and lymphangiomatosis. 849 1

There is evidence that tumor angiogenesis, as detected by immunohistochemical staining of endothelium, is of prognostic significance in breast cancer. However, little attention has been paid to possible differences between antibodies or to quantitation of the stained microvessels. We compared three endothelial cell antibodies [anti-human von Willebrand factor (anti-VWF, also termed factor VIII), anti-CD31, and anti-CD34] in archival paraffin-embedded specimens. Anti-CD34 and anti-VWF showed better staining performances than anti-CD31, although the staining results with different antibodies were comparable. Two different methods of microvessel quantitation (the highest microvessel count and percentage microvessel area) were evaluated and also showed significant correlation. From a retrospective database (n = 1000), 77 axillary node-negative invasive ductal breast carcinomas were selected on the basis of clinical outcome to maximize the prognostic power of the sample set (37 died due to a metastatic breast carcinoma, 40 showed no recurrence during 8-yr follow-up). Microvessel quantitations were related to flow cytometric DNA ploidy, c-erb-B-2 overexpression, and estrogen receptor status of the tumor. Surprisingly, neither highest microvessel counts nor microvessel area measurements quantitated with anti-CD34 or anti-VWF immunohistochemistry were able to discriminate between favorable and unfavorable outcome patients. Thus, our results suggest that further evidence is still needed on tumor angiogenesis immunohistochemistry before it can be adopted as a prognostic marker in routine, clinical practice.
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PMID:Comparison of different immunohistochemical methods in the assessment of angiogenesis: lack of prognostic value in a group of 77 selected node-negative breast carcinomas. 853 32


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