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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based upon results obtained in a Phase I study, we conducted a Phase II trial of high-dose CBDCA and etoposide administered via the intraperitoneal (IP) route in patients with ovarian cancer. CBDCA at a dose of 600 mg/m2 and etoposide at a dose of 400 mg/m2 were administered rapidly into the peritoneal cavity. The total dose of each agent was calculated and given daily over 3 days in amounts equal to one-third of the total dose. On day 1 of therapy, one-third of the dose was mixed in 2 liters of D5W and administered intraperitoneally as rapidly as possible. On days 2 and 3, one-third of the dose was mixed in 1 liter of D5W and administered similarly. GM-CSF was begun on day 4 as a subcutaneous injection at a dose of 500 micrograms/m2/day. A total 53 courses of treatment was administered to 18 patients; 9 of 13 patients (69%) with evaluable disease demonstrated evidence consistent with a partial response; however, the majority were response determined by a decrease in tumor marker (CA-125). One patient who had pathologic evidence of disease at second look laparotomy, but no measurable disease, was treated and shown at subsequent reexploration to have no further evidence of disease. This patient remains free of disease at 17+ months. The toxicity encountered in this trial was formidable, resulting in the removal of 78% of the patients from the study prior to completing 6 cycles of therapy.
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PMID:A phase II trial of intraperitoneal high-dose carboplatin and etoposide with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor support in patients with ovarian carcinoma. 784 54

The in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a new antitumor platinum complex, cis-malonato[(4R, 5R)-4,5- bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II) (SKI2053R, NSC D644591), were evaluated and compared with those of cisplatin (CDDP) and carboplatin (CBDCA) using murine tumors. SKI 2053R was highly active in vitro against both L1210 murine leukemia and its CDDP-resistant subline, L1210/DDP; the relative resistances were 20.0-, 14.5-, and 2.7-fold for CDDP, CBDCA, and SKI 2053R, respectively. SKI 2053R showed activity comparable with or superior to either CDDP or CBDCA in mice implanted with L1210. In mice implanted with L1210/DDP, as compared with CBDCA, SKI 2053R showed high values for the percentage of treated survivors relative to controls and for numbers of cured mice, whereas CDDP had virtually no activity. In mice implanted with P388, all three drugs were highly active, but the intensity of activity was shown to be ranked in the following order: SKI 2053R > CDDP > CBDCA. The antitumor activity of SKI 2053R against Lewis lung carcinoma was comparable with that of both CDDP and CBDCA. The antitumor activity of SKI 2053R was further investigated against two human tumor xenografts, KATO III (stomach adenocarcinoma) and WiDr (colon adenocarcinoma), implanted s.c. in nude mice and was compared with that of CDDP. In SKI 2053R-treated groups, the time required for a mean tumor weight of 1,000 mg was 33.1 days in KATO III xenografts and 35.0 days in WiDr xenografts as compared with 30.2 and 27.2 days in CDDP-treated groups, respectively. SKI 2053R achieved growth-inhibition rates comparable with those of CDDP against KATO III (65% versus 59%) and WiDr xenografts (64% versus 54%) on day 35. These results indicate that SKI 2053R is an attractive candidate for further development as a clinically useful anticancer drug.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of cis-malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2- isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II), a new platinum analogue, as an anticancer agent. 785 Sep 28

Primary malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are rare neoplasm, almost always occurring in young adult males. This report described embryonal carcinoma in a 13-year-old girl. The patient was checked up at chest X-ray examination of middle-school pupils on June 1989, and was referred to us because of rapid enlargement of the shadow on October 1989. Chest rentogenograms on admission showed a large mass at the anterior mediastinum, and MRI also revealed a multicystic one extending to the right hemithorax and pressing the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Her serum AFP level was high at 211.1 ng/ml. At operation, on November 6, 1989, a large tumor (110 x 95 x 75 mm) was removed completely through median sternotomy. Histological study of the lesion revealed a wide spread of cystic mature teratoma containing some foci of embryonal carcinoma. Positive immunochemical reaction indicated the presence of AFP in these carcinoma cells. She was treated with 13 courses of anti-cancer chemotherapy by various combinations of CDDP, THP-ADR, VP-16, VCR, ACD, CPM, CBDCA, for one postoperative year. She showed clinical improvement and has continued to be free from recurrence now at 52 months after surgery.
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PMID:[A case of primary mediastinal teratocarcinoma in a young girl]. 788 48

The incidence of ovarian cancer has been increasing gradually over the last 25 years. The presenting symptoms are non-specific and, in many cases, there is extensive intraabdominal spread at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis is based on abdominal ultrasonography followed by laparotomy for tumor classification and extensive excision. Assay of CA125 can be a useful diagnostic tool for post-menopausal women, and for determining the response to treatment. Routine screening for ovarian cancer is not feasible. The most important prognostic factor is tumor extension. In early stages, chemotherapy does not improve the prognosis in "low-risk" patients, and its value in high-risk patients remains to be determined. In patients with advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma, platinum derivatives are the reference drugs. The high toxicity of cisplatin has led to the development of carboplatin, which has similar activity but virtually no nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity or ototoxicity. Carboplatin is currently considered as the cytostatic drug of choice, as it can be given at higher doses which may improve the survival time. The possible indications for intraperitoneal chemotherapy remain to be determined. Secondary laparotomy should not be used, except in clinical trials. Taxol (paclitaxel), a new cytostatic agent that prevents mitosis through an original mode of action, is currently undergoing evaluation.
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PMID:[Epithelial cancer of the ovary: current data]. 791 18

A patient with navel metastasis from ovarian carcinoma was treated by immunotherapy and neo-adjuvant intraarterial infusion chemotherapy (OK-432 i.c., VP-16 25 mg/body x 10 days po, CDDP 100 mg/m2 iA, CPM 200 mg x 3 days/body i.v., THP 50 mg/m2 iA). Maximal blood concentration of THP was 1.081 micrograms/ml at 1 hour intraarterially and 0.091 microgram/ml at 2 hour intravenously. THP concentration of arteria is ten times higher than that of venous. And the area under the curve (AUC) of THP is 3.46 micrograms/ml/hr intraarterially and 0.43 microgram/ml/hr at intravenous. Two courses of the neo-adjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy were done. One month after, the first operation was performed. Each tissue platina concentration is 9.72 micrograms/ml is 9.72 micrograms/cm3 uterus cervix, 7.10 micrograms/cm3 uterus corporis, 5.72 micrograms/cm3 left ovarium, 2.64 micrograms/cm3 right ovarium, 0.52 microgram/cm3 paraaortic lymph node. After the immuno-chemotherapy, the metastatic tumor appeared remarkably smaller and the main tumor regained normal size and we achieved the optimal operation successfully. This patient was treated with double platina chemotherapy by intraperitoneal infusion using implantable reservoir access after the first operation (VP-16 200 mg/m2 i.p. D1, CDDP 100 mg/m2 ip D1, CBDCA 300 mg/m2 i.v. D3). This patient can keep the state of cytological complete remission for more than four months after the second look operation. Now she continues maintenance immuno-chemotherapy from a home doctor.
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PMID:[A case report: ovarian carcinoma IVth can become complete remission by immunochemotherapy]. 794 76

We describe three women with cerebral metastases who presented following treatment for ovarian cancer. In all three cases the primary tumor underwent complete remission following cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Cerebral metastases occurred at 18, 19, and 25 months following initial diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. These cerebral lesions were treated with carboplatin 400 mg/m2 as a single agent. In one case total resolution of a single cerebral metastasis was achieved. In the other two women a significant reduction in tumor mass occurred and one of these responded to repeat treatment on two occasions. Survival times from diagnosis of the cerebral lesions were 11, 16, and 25 months. The treatment afforded rapid subjective and objective relief, significantly improved survival times, and was associated with good quality of life. Carboplatin should be considered for the treatment of cerebral metastases for ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Cerebral metastases from epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated with carboplatin. 795 2

Radiation therapy holds an important position as one of the multidisciplinary methods of treating lung cancer (non-small cell carcinoma). As a result of the development of platinum preparations such as cisplatin (CDDP) and wide use of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), selective bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) therapy made possible more effective use of anti-lung cancer drugs. The use of radiation therapy in combination with BAI is now recommended as a more effective method. Meanwhile carboplatin (CBDCA) has recently been developed as a second generation platinum preparation with less side effects, and is being used for BAI, too. However, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of CB DCA for BAI to be used in combination with radiation therapy is not known yet. We, therefore, carried out a phase-study to determine MTD of CBD CA for combination with radiation therapy. The results show that the MTD of CBDCA is 400 mg/m2, and that clinically recommendable infusion limit is 350 mg/m2. In an angiographic study performed at the same time, a plural number of tumor affected blood vessels were found in 81.3% of the patients with lung cancer. Therefore, infusion of a drug for such patients should be carefully applied.
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PMID:[A study on the dosage of carboplatin for bronchial arterial infusion in combination with radiation therapy]. 797 20

The effect in combination therapy of high energy under water shock waves (HESW) and anticancer drugs for subcutaneous murine bladder cancer (MBT-2) in C3H/He mice was examined. HESW were generated by piezoceramics and directed to the subcutaneous tumor under ultrasonographic guidance. The subcutaneous tumor was exposed to HESW alone (100 MPa, 1000 shots, 3 shots/sec) or in combination with pirarubicin (THP, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) or carboplatin (CBDCA, 40 mg/kg, i.p.). Remarkable bleeding in the tumor was seen immediately after the exposure of HESW, destroyed cancer cells appeared after one day and wider and clearly bordered tumor necrosis was observed after three days. In the HESW alone therapy, tumor growth of smaller tumors (< 10 mm3, n = 8) were suppressed more than that of larger tumors (10-35 mm3, n = 11). Tumor growth ratio on the 14th day (TGR 14) (tumor volume on the 14th day/tumor volume on the 1st day) was examined in larger tumors. TGR 14 were 152.2 +/- 146.6 (mean +/- S.D.) in the control (n = 20), 116.3 +/- 98.9 in HESW alone (n = 11), 75.5 +/- 110.7 in THP alone (n = 8), 90.7 +/- 61.6 in CBDCA alone (n = 6), 75.8 +/- 72.2 in THP + HESW (n = 9), 3.2 +/- 4.5 in CBDCA + HESW (n = 8) and 0.8 +/- 1.3 in CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles (n = 9). Evident suppression on tumor growth was more often seen in CBDCA + HESW and CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapies than in the other therapies (p < 0.01). The cumulative survival rates were higher in CBDCA + HESW and CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapies than in the other therapies (p < 0.05). Tumor metastasis was seen only in the lungs of the dead mice after 19 days. Lung metastases were seen in 1/6 in the control, 0/5 in HESW alone, 1/5 in CBDCA alone, 0/6 in CBDCA + HESW and 1/5 in CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapy, respectively.
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PMID:[Combination therapy of high energy under water shock waves and anticancer drugs for subcutaneous murine bladder cancer (MBT-2)]. 799 Feb 95

Between 1987 and 1991, 103 patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma were treated with radiochemotherapy plus carboplatin. Tumors were located in the oral cavity in 33 patients, the oropharynx in eight, and the hypopharynx in seven. Four patients had a tumor of the epipharynx and three, tumor of the larynx. In 48 patients tumor involvement included two or more compartments. Radiotherapy was performed with cobalt-60 rays or 8-MeV photons in a fractionation of 5 x 2 Gy/wk to a dose of 50 Gy. Carboplatin 60 to 70 mg/m2/d was administered days 1 through 5 and 29 through 33. For inoperable patients radiotherapy was continued to a dose of 70 to 74 Gy. To date, 103 patients have entered the study and 100 have completed treatment; three patients died during the treatment period. Actuarial 1- and 2-year survival rates are 77% and 53%, respectively, for all patients; comparable figures for patients with interposed surgery are 93% and 69%, and for the patients treated with radiotherapy alone, 71% and 47%. In a pilot study conducted between 1990 and 1991, 15 patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas underwent hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (2 x 1.6 Gy/d 5 days per week; total dose, 64 to 67.2 Gy) and simultaneous intravenous carboplatin (60 mg/m2, days 1 through 5 and 29 through 33). Eleven patients had T4 and four had T3 tumors. At the end of the treatment period, 12 patients had achieved a complete tumor remission and all others attained a partial tumor involution. Although acute side effects were more pronounced compared with conventional irradiation, this treatment regimen is feasible and the initial complete remission rate of 80% is encouraging. As a result of the encouraging results achieved with hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy, we initiated a multicenter randomized study in November 1991. Patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas are either randomized for conventional radiotherapy plus carboplatin or hyperfractionated accelerated irradiation plus carboplatin. As of July 1994, 178 patients have been entered in the study. Results will be evaluated after the study is completed.
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PMID:Carboplatin and radiotherapy in the treatment of head and neck cancer: six years' experience. 799 66

Between March 1986 and October 1987, 73 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck underwent initial chemotherapy before surgery and/or radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of three courses of carboplatin/5-FU or cisplatin/5-FU. Pretreatment tumor states, remission rates and ages of the patients were comparable. Carboplatin as a modification of cisplatin showed significantly less gastrointestinal nerval and ototoxic side effects. After five years of followup, 30% of the patients treated with carboplatin and 33% of the cisplatinum group were alive and clinically free of disease. In contrast, 97% of all patients treated with sequential chemoradiotherapy have died. The data fails to support a "downstaging" of disease. These results document that the only prognostic factor for long-term survival is histologically complete resection of tumor. Further studies must compare the influence of prior chemotherapy and surgery, both followed by conventional fractionated radiotherapy in resectable tumors. Findings show that induction chemotherapy should not be used for unresectable tumors or for sequential chemo-radiotherapy. The use of carboplatin is preferred since oncological efficiency is comparable while side-effects are significantly less.
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PMID:[Cisplatin/5-FU versus carboplatin/5-FU. 5 year follow-up]. 800 71


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