Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 49-year-old female presented with a low abdominal tumor. Before operation, she had neither evidence of androgen excess nor abnormal tumor marker values, but US, CT and MRI findings strongly suggested the possibility of a malignant ovarian tumor. Her operative findings were as follows: a goose egg-sized main tumor in the low abdomen, with a walnut-sized tumor in the right side, which grew around the right ureter, causing right non-functional kidney. Pathological examination revealed her tumor was a very rare type of malignant Sertoli-Leidig cell tumor with pelvic lymph nodes metastases. Most patients with this disease usually have good prognoses, but with metastasis or recurrence, no therapy is as effective as in epithelial ovarian cancer. In this case, we selected a new combination chemotherapy of CBDCA, Etoposide and Epirubicin, considering current changes in the chemotherapy for ovarian germ cell tumors and Sertoli-Leidig cell tumors of testis. Now, 1 year and 4 months after operation, she has no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. This study proposes a new, presumably more effective chemotherapy for an ovarian malignant Sertoli-Leidig cell tumor.
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PMID:[A case of ovarian malignant Sertoli-Leidig cell tumor treated with CBDCA, etoposide and epirubicin chemotherapy]. 757 20

Carboplatin-liposomes (CPL) have been shown to possess a strong stimulatory activity on the hematopoiesis in immunocompetent mice. As we were interested in studying this pharmacological characteristic in parallel with any antitumour effects which might be expected for the encapsulated cytostatic, we used a panel of six human breast carcinomas xenotransplanted to nude mice. The antitumor activity as well as the hematopoietic effects of the vesicles were studied in comparison to, and in combination with, the free drug. Carboplatin was encapsulated into reverse phase evaporation vesicles (REV) and injected i.p. as a single dose of 75 mg kg-1 into tumor-free and breast-carcinoma-bearing animals, respectively. Following a single application of CPL in nude mice, a significant increase of the WBC numbers to about three times for that of the normal level could be observed over a period of at least 28 days. The elevation was due to an increase in both circulating granulocytes and lymphocytes. The peripheral effect was accompanied by a relative decrease of spleen cellularity, while the number of bone marrow cells was hardly affected. There was no influence detectable on circulating blood cells in SCID mice. However, a rather high toxicity of CPL for this immunodeficient mouse strain was noticed. In the panel of breast carcinomas used, free carboplatin and CPL displayed a different pattern of therapeutic efficiencies. In four of the five tumor models tested, a combination of the free with the liposomal drug showed a significant inhibition of tumor growth while effectively preventing a drug-induced leukopenia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Carboplatin-liposomes (CPL) in immunodeficient mice: improved antitumor activity for breast carcinomas and stimulation of hematopoiesis. 763 30

A case of remission of recurrent carcinosarcoma of the uterus with massive ascites by chemotherapy using carboplatin (CBDCA) is reported. A 75-year-old female was diagnosed with cancer of the uterine body. She underwent abdominal total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, which revealed carcinosarcoma of the uterus penetrating the myometrium and reaching the serosa of the uterus. Eight weeks after, she developed abdominal distension, obstruction of bilateral ureters and bleeding tumor measuring 5 cm in diameter at the vaginal cuff ending. Acute retention of bloody ascites of more than 2500 ml was demonstrated. Abdominal centesis, aspiration of ascites and intraperitoneal administration of 600 mg of CBDCA were performed. Two weeks after single use of CBDCA, the ascites completely disappeared and there was recovery from anuria. The remission has lasted more than 4 months, which has suggested the efficacy of CBDCA for uterine carcinosarcoma.
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PMID:[A case of remission of recurrent carcinosarcoma of the uterus with massive ascites by carboplatin]. 766 77

The platinum-containing compounds has become a major chemical agent in the treatment of cancer. A circadian rhythm in the susceptibility of rodents and human being to cisplatin has been demonstrated, the maximal tolerance being found in the animal's active phase. Carboplatin is a second generation analog. Two studies were performed on mice with carboplatin under 12:12 light dark cycle to study its chronotoxicity and chronoeffectiveness. In study I, single intraperitoneal injection of 192mg/kg (LD50) carboplatin was given to four groups of mice at four different circadian stage. It was found that at 50% the overall mortality of mice, there was a mortality difference of 28% for mice receiving the drug at 9 a.m. to 71% for mice receiving drug at 9 p.m. It demonstrated that carboplatin was better tolerated in the animal's early sleep phase. In study II, S180 tumor-bearing mice were treated with 50mg/kg of carboplatin. The longest mean survival time and the lowest marrow toxicity occurred in the group which received the drug at the beginning of the sleep phase. It showed that the susceptibility of mice to carboplatin is circadian stage dependent. These data clearly demonstrate that, by timing the administration of drugs according to body rhythms, such as the host susceptibility-resistance rhythm to a drug, one can gain a therapeutic advantage over an approach which ignores such rhythms.
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PMID:[Circadian rhythm in susceptibility of mice to the anti-tumor drug carboplatin]. 771 1

The in vitro antitumor activity of a new platinum complex, cis-malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolan e] platinum(II) (SKI 2053R, NSC D644591), cisplatin (CDDP) and carboplatin (CBDCA) was determined against two human lung cancer (PC-9 and PC-14) and two human stomach cancer (MKN-45 and KATO III) cell lines by human tumor clonogenic assay. The activity of SKI 2053R was compared with those of CDDP and CBDCA in terms of relative antitumor activity (RAA, peak plasma concentration/IC50). Mean IC50 values (microgram/ml) of SKI 2053R, CDDP and CBDCA were 6.4 +/- 0.8, 1.8 +/- 0.7 and 20.6 +/- 12.2, respectively. The RAAs of SKI 2053R, CDDP and CBDCA were 1.6 +/- 0.4, 2.0 +/- 0.8 and 1.2 +/- 0.6, respectively. The differences in these values were not statistically significant. The results, demonstrating that antitumor activity of SKI 2053R is similar to those of CDDP and CBDCA, suggest that SKI 2053R is an interesting candidate for further development as a new anticancer drug.
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PMID:In vitro antitumor activity of a new platinum complex, cis-malonato [(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane] platinum (II) (SKI 2053R), against human lung and stomach cancer cell lines. 773 40

A 68-year-old man had a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung that was found at autopsy. The patient was admitted to our hospital because of exertional dyspnea. A chest X-ray film and chest CT scan showed atelectasis in the left upper lobe. Examination with a fiberoptic bronchoscope revealed a necrotic mass in the left mainstem bronchus. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen disclosed several atypical giant cells but was not diagnostic. He underwent chemotherapy with CBDCA, IFM and VP-16, because a malignant tumor of the lung was strongly suspected. After three cycles of chemotherapy, the tumor had shrunk, as demonstrated on repeated bronchoscopy. The patient's condition improved temporarily, but he began to complain of dyspnea, and died of respiratory insufficiency despite radiotherapy. Postmortem examination was done. The tumor in the lung was mainly composed of spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells and several pleomorphic giant cells with multiple nuclei, with storiform and fascicular patterns. Immunohistochemically, these tumor cells were shown to contain vimentin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and LN-5. These findings were compatible with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung.
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PMID:[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung]. 773 84

A Phase I study on conventional radiotherapy and concomitant infusional chemotherapy with carboplatin (CBDCA) was initiated in order to evaluate the toxicity and feasibility of this combined treatment. Twenty-one patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma entered the study: 9 patients (Group A) received a 14-day infusion of 30 mg/m2 of CBDCA daily and 12 (Group B), a 21-day infusion beginning from the first day of radiotherapy. Total doses of 420 and 630 mg/m2 were given to group A and B, respectively. RT total dose ranged from 65 to 70 Gy with standard fractionation (180 cGy/5d/w). Major side effects observed were hematologic and mucosal. In group A grade 3 leukopenia was observed in five patients, grade 3 thrombocytopenia in one, and grade 3 mucositis in 2. In group B hematologic toxicity was severe: grade 3 and 4 leukopenia was seen in 4 and 3 patients, respectively; 3 patients had grade 3 and 2 patients grade 4 thrombocytopenia with a late appearance of nadir. Severe grade 3 mucositis was observed in 6 patients. Nineteen patients were evaluable for tumor response: 7/17 patients with stage III-IV disease achieved a CR and 8 a PR. According to our experience, prolonged infusion with CBDCA during conventional RT courses is feasible, though a certain level of toxicity remains. A 30 mg/m2 daily dose for 21-day infusion is associated with severe hematologic toxicity, while 14-day infusion can be considered the maximum tolerable dose. Whether CBDCA infusion has any advantage over bolus is yet to be confirmed.
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PMID:Prolonged continuous infusion of carboplatin and concomitant radiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer. A phase I study. 774 18

A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of upper abdominal pain, and a cervical tumor, on Oct. 23, 1992. Chest X-ray, CT scan and MRI revealed a tumor (left-S10) and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. A pathological diagnosis of small cell lung cancer was made by transbronchial biopsy. Ultrasonography showed liver metastases. He received four courses of chemotherapy (Carboplatin, Ifosfamide, Etoposide). Three days after the completion of chemotherapy, his serum transaminase level was markedly increased, and he was disorientated on March 4, 1993. In spite of plasma exchange, the patient died due to hepatic failure on March 6, 1993. Fulminant hepatitis in a patient with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy is rarely reported.
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PMID:[A case of small cell lung cancer associated with fulminant hepatitis B]. 779 62

The importance of the ultrafilterable platinum (fPt) fraction of cisplatin (CDDP) and carboplatin (CBDCA) for cytotoxicity and myelotoxicity was studied in vitro. By incubating CDDP or CBDCA with fetal calf serum (FCS) various fractions of fPt were prepared and determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A relation of % fPt fraction and incubation time (h) of 87e-0.1123t (r = -0.99) and 101e-0.0087t (r = -0.99) were determined for CDDP and CBDCA, respectively. Cytotoxicity in the human small cell lung carcinoma cell line GLC4 and fPt fraction were closely related for CDDP (r = 0.99) and for CBDCA r = 0.97). However, at a similar fPt fraction the concentrations inhibiting cell survival by 50% (IC50) of CBDCA exceeded that of CDDP by a factor of 10-18 with 4 h exposure and a factor of 5 with continuous exposure. Tested in the range of peak concentrations in plasma of patients and at a clinically relevant fPt fraction of 10%, CDDP was not toxic for human bone marrow cells in the CFU-GM assay, whereas it was toxic at fPt fractions of 50% and 90%. However, CBDCA was myelotoxic at a (clinically relevant) fPt fraction of 50%, and also at 75% and 90%. The use of different fPt fractions, produced by the incubation method described in this study, permits the study of platinum drugs in vitro while approximating in vivo conditions might be used to evaluate myelotoxicity of new platinum drugs prospectively. For CDDP and CBDCA the fraction fPt determines cytotoxicity on tumor cells, and their different fPt fraction in patients account at least partly for their difference in myelotoxicity.
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PMID:Effect of ultrafilterable platinum concentration on cisplatin and carboplatin cytotoxicity in human tumor and bone marrow cells in vitro. 781 54

Human ovarian carcinoma cells (HRA) were sensitized to cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA) 1.2-, 2.1- and 3.4-fold by treatment with amphotericin B (AMB) at concentrations of 2.1, 5.4, and 10.8 microM, respectively. Moreover, the intracellular accumulation of platinum after 2-h exposure to CBDCA was increased significantly by AMB treatment. For estimating the enhancing effect of AMB on CBDCA cytotoxicity in vivo, we prepared HRA cell-inoculated nude mice. Ascites was evident 7 to 9 days after intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of HRA cells, and the mice died of intraabdominal carcinomatosis 11 to 14 days (mean survival time (MST): 12.0 +/- 1.0 days) after inoculation. Treatment with AMB (2.0 mg/kg) alone increased the MST by only 1.2 days. Simultaneous treatment with CBDCA (12 or 15 mg/kg) and AMB (0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in MST compared to treatment with CBDCA alone. Maximal MST (38.5 days) was obtained by treatment with 15 mg/kg CBDCA plus 2.0 mg/kg AMB, whereas the MST with 15 mg/kg CBDCA alone was 15.8 days. A drug accumulation study demonstrated that platinum accumulation in tumor tissues after i.p. treatment with CBDCA and AMB in tumor-bearing nude mice was increased significantly compared to treatment with CBDCA alone. These findings indicate that intraperitoneal combination chemotherapy with CBDCA and AMB is useful in nude mice with advanced ovarian carcinoma.
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PMID:Potentiation of cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) by amphotericin B in BALB/c nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma cells. 782 2


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