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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this report, the results of two phase II studies and one pilot study of second-line carboplatin-based chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer are described. Carboplatin plus vincristine given with or without ifosfamide resulted in response rates of 36% and 53%, respectively, in so-called chemotherapy-resistant patients. Toxicity of the carboplatin/vincristine regimen was mild (hematologic toxicity grade 4 was seen with 13% of the courses), whereas the combination including ifosfamide resulted in grade 4 thrombocytopenia in 57% of the courses and grade 4 leukocytopenia in 49%. A partial response was seen in one of nine patients with progression of brain metastases after chemotherapy, and in three patients the neurologic function score improved, with minor tumor reduction evident on computed tomography scan of the brain. We conclude that carboplatin is a useful agent for second-line chemotherapy in patients with an early relapse after induction chemotherapy.
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PMID:Second-line carboplatin-based chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer: the Groningen experience. 132 19

We evaluated the effects of WR-2721 on the toxicity and antitumor activity of the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and carboplatin (CBDCA) in BALB/c and C57B1/6 mice. On a weekly schedule, i.p. injection of 200 mg/kg WR-2721 at 5 min prior to the administration of this combination enabled us to increase the CBDCA dose from a nontoxic level of 45 mg/kg to a normally toxic dose of 60 mg/kg in non-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice while maintaining the 5FU dose at 100 mg/kg. When WR-2721 was given 30 min before this combination, the CBDCA dose could not be increased to 60 mg/kg without producing drug-related deaths. WR-2721 protected against CBDCA- and 5-FU-induced thrombocytopenia but did not prevent leukopenia or anemia in C57B1/6 mice. The antitumor activity of the combination against colon 26 tumors in BALB/c mice was increased by pretreatment with WR-2721, which facilitated elevation of the CBDCA dose to 60 mg/kg in combination with 100 mg/kg 5FU. These results reveal better therapeutic efficacy for the combination of 5FU and CBDCA following pretreatment with WR-2721.
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PMID:Effect of WR-2721 on the toxicity and antitumor activity of the combination of carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil. 133 72

Significant prolongation of survival time among the patients with advanced ovarian cancer has been brought under the development of surgery and chemotherapy, but even those with clinical remission shows sometimes recurrence. For the recurrent ovarian cancer patients at present there are no definite strategy to treat the recurrent cases. Under these circumstance, we have reviewed the current treatment of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy for the recurrent cases. 1) surgical treatment Generally, in the cases of recurrent ovarian cancer, cytoreductive surgery is required to minimize the residual tumour in the abdomen. But sometimes we can find the distant metastasis including liver, lung, and lymph node. This means that surgery is not sufficient for control of recurrent tumor. Further adjuvant chemotherapy will be required to control metastatic tumors. 2) chemotherapy After the detail assessment of the initial treatment of cases, at first we should think about retreatment with CDDP-based regimen and secondly about dose-intensification of CDDP or CBDCA for the CDDP-resistant cases. And as combination regimens, topoisomerase inhibitors, etoposide or CPT-11 are also preferable to use, alkylating agents such as ifosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, and some current trials with new drug, taxol are effective for recurrent cases. In conclusion, further active chemotherapy using platinum compounds, topoisomerase inhibitors, taxol will be achieved for the control of the recurrent cases of ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[Treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer]. 135 32

The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group has used carboplatin in two studies in women with ovarian carcinoma. In a phase II study, carboplatin produced a clinical response rate of 28% among patients with tumor persistence or recurrence following one prior cisplatin-containing regimen. Carboplatin was most efficacious in those with smaller tumors, in those who had the best responses to prior cisplatin therapy, and in those with longer intervals between the primary cisplatin treatment and the secondary carboplatin course. In this setting, a starting dose of 320 mg/m2 is suggested. A phase III randomized trial of first-line therapy compared the efficacy of cyclophosphamide/cisplatin with cyclophosphamide/carboplatin. Four hundred eighteen eligible patients were enrolled. The regimens demonstrated comparable efficacy; however, the carboplatin-based regimen was more easily administered and caused less symptomatic toxicity. The long-term results in this population with macroscopic residual disease remain disappointing.
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PMID:Carboplatin in the treatment of carcinoma of the ovary: the National Cancer Institute of Canada experience. Ovarian Cancer Subcommittee. 141 22

Carboplatin represents an ideal candidate for dose optimization in individual patients. The excellent correlations between renal function and carboplatin total body clearance and between carboplatin area under the plasma concentration by time curve (AUC) and thrombocytopenia allow calculation of carboplatin dosages that simultaneously minimize the likelihood of toxicity and maximize the amount of drug that can be delivered. Current studies are defining the essential relationship between carboplatin AUC and the likelihood of achieving a therapeutic response in various tumor types. These quantitative relationships between carboplatin AUC and thrombocytopenia and AUC and response should be the foundation for the intelligent use of carboplatin as an individual agent and for the intelligent assessment of the beneficial or adverse effects of other agents when combined with carboplatin.
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PMID:Utility of individualized carboplatin dosing alone and in combination regimens. 141 24

34 patients with head and neck cancer were treated with carboplatin and radiation therapy. Eligibility criteria included stage IV biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma with measurable disease and no distant metastases, Karnofsky performance status score of 60 or greater, age 18 years or more, no previous radiation therapy and adequate hematological, renal, and hepatic function. There were 27 males and 7 females. Ages ranged from 44-70 years with a median of 57 years. Follow-up ranged from 11-34 months with a median of 21 months. Total tumor doses ranged from 50-55 Gy with additional boosts of 15-20 Gy. Carboplatin was given in a dose of 100 mg/m2 once weekly (26 patients) and 200 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks (8 patients), during the radiation therapy course in all 34 patients. Each dose of carboplatin preceded irradiation. 25 patients responded while 9 did not. There were 19 complete responses (CR) and 6 partial responses. 4/19 CR recurred and 5/9 non-responding patients died of disease. Mild to moderate nausea and vomiting were seen in 52.3% of patients and mucositis was seen in 61.8% of patients. Moderate to severe hematological toxicity was seen in 35.3% of patients. Response rates and toxicity we observed during this study clearly show that the combination of carboplatin and radiation therapy is effective and suitable for the treatment of patients with stage IV head and neck cancer.
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PMID:Carboplatin and radiation therapy for stage IV carcinoma of the head and neck. Preliminary results of a phase II study. 151 13

We examined the distribution in tissue and antitumor effects of freeze-dried liposome-entrapped carboplatin (Lipo-CBDCA) after intraperitoneal administration to rats bearing AH 130 tumors. Liposomes composed of egg lecithin and cholesterol were used as drug carriers. The serum concentration of platinum was decreased for a short time after the intraperitoneal administration of Lipo-CBDCA. After at least 3 hours, the serum concentration of platinum was higher with free CBDCA intraperitoneal or intravenous administration. The antitumor effects of Lipo-CBDCA were determined in rats with peritoneal dissemination due to AH 130 tumors. Intraperitoneal Lipo-CBDCA prolonged the life span of the tumor-bearing rats. No side effects of the chemotherapy were demonstrated in biochemical and histological studies in the liver, kidney, spleen and small intestine. These results indicate that intraperitoneal chemotherapy with Lipo-CBDCA may be more effective than that with free CBDCA managing in peritoneal dissemination, and may be therapeutically useful without toxic side effects.
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PMID:[Antitumor effect of liposome-entrapped carboplatin after intraperitoneal administration in rats]. 153 Mar 49

Cisplatin has played a major role in the treatment of germ cell tumors. However, it causes renal damage, severe nausea and vomiting. It is also neurotoxic and ototoxic. Carboplatin is an analog of cisplatin which, does not cause renal damage at therapeutic doses. It is not neurotoxic or ototoxic and it produces less gastrointestinal toxicity than cisplatin. We used carboplatin alone as an initial chemotherapy in a 36-year-old man with stage IIB seminoma. Following left radical orchiectomy the patient received 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy. After the first course of chemotherapy, tumor markers (LDH, beta-HCG) returned to the normal range. After 4 courses, the size of the retroperitoneal metastases was significantly reduced. The toxicity of 4 courses of carboplatin chemotherapy was generally milder than that of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapies such as PVB or VAB-6. There were no episodes of septicemia, thrombocytopenic bleeding or renal deterioration. The patient did not suffer from alopecia, neuropathy, symptomatic hearing loss, severe nausea or vomiting. Nine months after the completion of carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient remains well and free from disease progression. This case strongly suggests that single agent carboplatin therapy could be an effective and less-toxic treatment for advanced seminoma.
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PMID:[A case of advanced seminoma treated effectively with single agent carboplatin therapy]. 156 62

(-)-(R)-2-Aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato++ +)platinum(II) monohydrate (DWA2114R), cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) were compared for their antitumor effects and nephrotoxicity-inducing activities at the same dosage (1/8, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 or 3/4 of the LD10 or LD10) on the basis of their intravenous lethal doses in mice. DWA2114R was effective against murine tumor lines, Colon 26 and Colon 38 carcinomas, M5076 ovarian sarcoma and P388 L1210 leukemias, implanted subcutaneously (s.c.). Triple injection every other day of DWA2114R was more effective than a single injection at each sublethal dose. The antitumor effects of DWA2114R against these tumors were more effective than or were similar to those of CBDCA and CDDP. The antitumor effect against CDDP-resistant L1210 leukemia implanted s.c. was only observed in the treatment of DWA2114R, but not in CBDCA and CDDP. No excellent antitumor effects of three platinum complexes were observed against Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma implanted s.c. even at triple injection every other day, and no effect was obtained against Meth-A fibrosarcoma under similar conditions. While the treatment of CDDP showed marked increases in levels of blood urea nitrogen and of urinary protein and sugar at effective doses in the antitumor evaluations, the treatment of DWA2114R as well as CBDCA showed no increase in these parameters. These results indicate that DWA2114R represents a desirable second generation antitumor platinum complex.
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PMID:Antitumor effects of three platinum complexes, (-)-(R)-2-aminomethylpyrrolidine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-platinum (II) monohydrate (DWA2114R), cis-diammine-(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP), in mice. 156 81

The pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma was studied in five children with brain tumors (four medulloblastomas and one ependimoblastoma) who underwent preirradiation treatment with carboplatin. Carboplatin pharmacokinetics was studied following the administration of 600 mg/m2 as a 1-h infusion. Four children were treated a few weeks after surgery, whereas one child with an unresectable tumor was treated prior to surgery. All patients had a ventricular-peritoneal CSF shunt connected to a subcutaneous reservoir. Total platinum and free carboplatin were measured. The mean AUC values for free carboplatin in CSF and plasma were 2.29 +/- 1.20 and 8.18 +/- 1.27 mg ml-1 min, respectively. The mean ratio of CSF AUC to plasma AUC was 0.28 (range, 0.17-0.46). Both plasma peak levels and AUC values showed limited interpatient variability. On the other hand, carboplatin levels in CSF showed substantial interpatient variability, with a greater than 5-fold difference in peak levels and a 3-fold difference in AUC values being recorded. The interpatient difference in CSF pharmacokinetics may have been related at least in part to the different anatomical alterations induced by the surgical procedures or by the presence of a large tumor mass. In the four evaluable patients exhibiting macroscopic residual tumor, we observed one complete remission (CR) and two partial remissions (PR) following two cycles that consisted of two doses of 600 mg/m2 carboplatin given on 2 consecutive days (total dose, 1200 mg/m2) and were separated by a 1-month interval. These results may give some indication as to the optimal dose and schedule for carboplatin administration in the treatment of primitive neuroectodermic tumors (PNET).
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in children with brain tumors. 158 76


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